Ubuchwepheshe bokuklama bukhula kanye nezidingo abantu ababeka kuzo ezakhiweni zokuhlala noma emsebenzini. Lokho indlu eyakhelwe khona noma ngosizo lwezinto ezakhiwa ngaphakathi, indlela ephephile futhi eqinile - konke lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kumuntu wanamuhla.
Mayelana ne-aerocrete
Izinto zokwakha zanamuhla kufanele zihambisane nemingcele eminingi. Namuhla, umthengi ubeka izidingo eziningi ezidingekayo kumikhiqizo:
- ubungane bemvelo - ngezinye izikhathi ukuphishekela ezishibhile kungaphenduki ngokushesha izifo, ngoba isigaba sezinto zokwakha ezingabizi kangako asinayo ipasipoti yemvelo futhi ngokuvamile iqukethe i-formaldehyde, i-phenol kanye nezinye izifo zomzimba;
- lula ukusetshenziswa noma ukufakwa;
- inkomba yokumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu;
- ukuphikiswa kwesithwathwa;
- isisindo esincane;
- ukungahambi kahle;
- inkomba ephezulu yokushisa-ukufaka imingcele;
- ukuguqulwa komsindo;
- intengo enengqondo.
Uyazi? Ukuze ube nokuphumula kwekhwalithi, umuntu udinga ukulala endlini yokhuni. - Amahora angu-6, endlini yezitini - amahora angu-8, esakhiweni esikhulu se-slabs - amahora angu-12. Indlu yegesi-okhonkolo kulolu hlu ithatha indawo yesibili ngemva kokukhuni. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi umuntu udinga amahora angu-7 kuphela ukuze aphumule kuwo.
Ngokuvamile zonke lezi zidingo zihlangene nokukhonkolo okwenziwe nge-aerated - impahla yokwakhiwa yesimanje, engokwesibonakaliso esincane esingasetshenzisiwe futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni komuntu ngamunye.
I-block yobukhulu obuhlukene bekhonktha yamaselula, lapho i-bubbles bubbles ihlala khona cishe engama-80% wevolumu.
Ngokukhiqizwa kwalo kuphela izingxenye ezingenalutho ezingokwemvelo ezisetshenziswayo. Ingxenyana eyinhloko yenkinga yezingqimba zesikhathi esizayo ishlabathi se-quartz (60%), ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo i-lime nesamente (20%), i-aluminium powder (0.5-1%) kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi. 
Ngokwenqubo yokukhiqiza kwayo, i-autoclave ne-non-autoclaved aerated aerated bahlukile.
Kuzokusiza ukuthi ufunde indlela yokwakha i-gable, u-chetyrekhskatnuyu nophahla lwama-mansard, nokuthi ungayiphahla kanjani uphahla nge-ondulin noma tile yensimbi.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza yasekhonkrithi ene-autoclaved ine-scheme:
- isihlabathi se-quartz sibekwa ezigayini zezimboni zokugaya ibhola, ngaphakathi kwamadubhu kukhona amabhola, aguqula isihlabathi endaweni yomhlabathi;
- isihlabathi esichotshoziwe, i-samente kanye ne-lime zixubene esitsheni esikhethekile;
- amanzi kanye ne-aluminium okunamathiselwe kuhlanganiswe ekuxukeni okomile. Ngenxa yokusabela kwe-lime ne-aluminium ukumiswa, i-hydrogen iyatholakala. Yenza inhlanganisela (bese kuthi ngomkhiqizo oqediwe) inombolo enkulu ye-voids - kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-2 mm ububanzi;
- le nhlanganisela ithululelwa ekubunjeni, ishiya ingxenye yesine ingazalwanga. Ngalesi sigaba, ingxube ibonakala inhlama yesilonda - emva kwamahora angu-2-3 ayikhuphuki kuphela ekugcineni kwesikhunta, kodwa futhi inesikhathi sokuqina. Ukungcola egumbini lapho kukhiqizwa khona ukhonkolo okhiqizwayo kufanele kwandiswe;
- Izinto ezinzima zenziwa zibe yizingqinamba zesayizi ofanayo, ohlangothini lwangaphandle oluphosiwe;
- emva kwalokho, amabhlokhi abekwe ku-autoclave, lapho ukuqhuma khona kuqhuma amahora angu-12 ekushiseni kwe-191 ° C nangenkinga ye-atmospheres 12. I-Autoclaving ivumela ukuthola lezo zinguquko kwisakhiwo samangqamuzana sekhonkrithi ephazamisekile, eyenza amaminerali - okuyizinto ezinomsebenzi eziyingqayizivele, kuhlanganise namandla okwandisa nokunciphisa ukuncipha. Masinyane emva kokuphathwa kokushisa, lo mthombo unomswakama wokuba ngu-30%, owehla ku-5-10% phakathi nonyaka;
- Amabhulokhi alungile aphethwe futhi athunyelwa kubathengi.
Ukukhiqizwa kwekhonkrithi engekho autoclaved aerated kuhluke kuphela ekuthi umkhiqizo wokugcina udlula esigabeni se-autoclaving. Kuyinto yomswakama oyisiqhumane samasimu-isanti, okwehlisiwe kakhulu emgangathweni kwabanye.
Ividiyo: ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bekhonkrithi e-autoclaved
Izinhlobo zamabhuloki akhonkolo aerated
Amabhuloki akhonkolo asezingeni eliphezulu ahluke ngezinhloso zawo kanye nefomu.
Uyazi? Abashicileli begesi basebenzise ngabakhiqizi bemifanekiso, ngoba ukukhanya kwayo kanye nenani elilinganayo likuvumela ukuba wakhe ubuciko obunemali encane engokwenyama nangokwezimali. Ngenxa yalokhu itshe lokufakelwa, isiqondiso sonke esithombeni - I-Ytong Art.
Ngokuqokwa, yizo:
- ukushisa ukushisa - Ukugcizelela okuyinhloko ekukhiqizeni kwabo kuwukugcina ukushisa ekamelweni. Ngokujwayelekile ububanzi bawo bubungaba ngu-D 350, amandla 0.7-1 MPa, conductivity thermal 0.08-0.09 W / (mS). Ukukhathazeka kwabo okuyinhloko ukuthi ama-pores amaningi, nakuba anikeza ukushisa okuhle kakhulu nokukhipha umsindo, kodwa angathinti kabi inkomba yamandla;
- Ukwakha ukushisa okwakhiwayo - lokhu "kusho igolide" akugcini nje ukugcina ukushisa kahle endlini futhi kuyayivikela emsindweni ongadingekile, kodwa futhi ihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namabhuloki okushisa okushisa. Imikhiqizo enjalo ibhalwe nge-D 400, i-conductivity coefficient ye-0.1 W / (mS) namandla we-1-1.5 MPa. Kulungile hhayi kuphela ukugcoba izindonga zangaphandle, kodwa nokwakhiwa kwezingxenye zangaphakathi nezindonga ezithwala imithwalo;
- ukwakhiwa - izinkomba zalolu hlobo ziyizici ezilandelayo: ibanga le-D 500, ukuqhuba okushisayo 0.12 W / (mS), amandla avela ku-2 MPa. Uma ukhetho luyeka kulo mbono, ngenxa yalokho, isakhiwo esihleliwe sizoqina, sithule, sishise ebusika futhi sihle ehlobo.
Ifomu:
- uhlelo lwe-groove system nokubamba ngesandla - ukhululekile kakhulu emsebenzini wabakhi. Lena umkhiqizo wekhwalithi owandisa kakhulu isivinini sokwakhiwa futhi unciphisa inani lokuhlukunyezwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, kulula ukuhambisa amabhulogi ahlinzeka ngezandla kunama-parallelepipeds aqoshiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lugcina isisombululo sokunamathela kakhulu, ngoba ngenxa yesimiso se-groove-ridge, izikhala eziqondile azidingi ukulungiswa okungeziwe nhlobo. Kodwa ngokuvamile lolu hlobo lunokuqina okuncane kunamabhuloki avamile;
- ngezingalo eziphambene nokubamba ngesandla - kufanelekile kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lobuciko. Ihlukaniswe amandla amakhulu okucindezela nokukhululeka kokufakwa;
- amabhloki enamahhashi - efanelekile ekudaleni amabhande, ukufakela ngaphezu kwamafasitela neminyango, amafomu lapho udala izingqimba nemisipha.
Uyazi? Ngokusetshenziswa kwalolu lwazi, iFrance neJalimane zihola (ukwakhiwa kuka-80%). Endaweni yesibili iSpain (55%). I-Conservative yaseBrithani ibuye ihloniphe lesi simangaliso sokwakha - iyingxenye yesithathu eYurophu ekusetshenzisweni kwayo - izinto ezingu-40% zokwakhiwa zakhiwe kusuka emabhuloki asekhonkrithi.
Izinzuzo zamabhuloki akhonkolo aerated
Izinzuzo zalo mkhiqizo ziningi:
- ubungane bemvelo - ngokukhiqizwa kwayo kuphela izakhi zemvelo ezisetshenziswayo;
- Intengo ephansi - leli tshe lokufakelwa libiza kakhulu kunezinye izinto zokwakha;
- amandla amakhulu;
- isisindo esincane - sikuvumela ukuthi ungadonseli imishini eyengeziwe yokwakhiwa futhi ungakhathazeki ngokweqile futhi ungathandeki ezindongeni nasesisekelo sesakhiwo;
- inikeza ukuthungwa okuhle okushisayo - lokhu kunomthelela kwisakhiwo samaselula sokhonkolo olupholile;
- ukulula ukufakwa - ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu bemabhuloki, iminyango, imigodi nemigqa ivumela ukuthi impahla ihambiswe kalula futhi isinike usayizi ofanele;
- ukushisa ukushisa - ungqimba lwamabhuloki okhonkolo obhalwe phansi, olubekwe phezulu kwesigcawu sendlu, luzoqinisekisa ukugcina ukushisa endlini iminyaka eminingi;
- ukuguqulwa komsindo;
- umfutho wokuphefumula - isakhiwo esibuhlungu sivumela umbhangqwana ukuba uhambe ngokukhululekile ekamelweni;
- ikhwalithi eqinisekisiwe - ezimbonini, ukulawula nokutholakala kwesitifikedi semfanelo semikhiqizo kunesibopho;
- ukumelana nomlilo - esakhiweni saso asikho izingxenye ezinokushisa nezomlilo.
Ukulungisa endlini noma indlu kudinga ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kokuqala. Yingakho kuyoba usizo kuwe ukuthi ufunde: kanjani ukususa upende kusuka ezindongeni, nokugcoba kusuka ephahleni, ukubamba iphepha lodonga, indlela yokubamba amanzi endlini yangasese, indlela yokufaka isikhwama sodonga nokushintsha, ukwenza isahluko se-plasterboard nomnyango noma ukukhipha izindonga nge-plasterboard.
I-Cons of blocks ekhishwe yi-aerated
Nakuba uhlu lwezinzuzo zekhrekheni elithambile luhlaba umxhwele ngempela, lolo lwazi lunokungaphumeleli. Lokhu kuhlanganisa:
- ubukhulu obuphansi (ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokucindezela);
- ikhono lokubamba nokugcina umswakama;
- isidingo sokusebenzisa i-hardware ekhethekile;
- ukuvela endaweni yokugaya izimpahla ngesikhathi sokuqhaqhaza nokuqhekeka.
Indlela yokukhetha i-gazobloki
Uma uthenga impahla yokwakha, ungaxhumana nomthengisi wesitolo, noma ubuze iseluleko kubangane abaqonda imboni.
Ividiyo: yiziphi izinhlobo zamabhuloki nokuthi ungakhetha kanjani okulungile
Kubalulekile! Uma ukhetha gazoblokov kudingeka uhambisane nenhloso yokusetshenziswa kanye nobuchwepheshe bezimpahla ezithengiwe.
Uma unquma ukukhetha i-aerocrete wena, khona-ke udinga ukwazi izindlela eziyisisekelo zemikhiqizo yekhwalithi. Inzuzo ngayinye yomkhiqizo noma ukungalungi inombono wezinombolo:
- conductivity ezishisayo - i-coefficient ephansi, indawo efudumalayo. Ama-coefficient ranges ukusuka ku-0.075 W / (m • K) wokumaka ubukhulu be-D350 no-0.25 W / (m • K) ngokumaka ubukhulu be-D700;
- ubuningi - ephakeme uphawu, umkhiqizo onamandla futhi ngokuphambene - ngokumaka okuphansi, izinkomba zamandla ziyawa (kodwa ke iyunithi ithola isisindo futhi uma kungenzeka, yenza imisebenzi ehlukene yokwakha nayo). Ngokuvamile, ikhonkrithi ephazamisekile inezibalo zamanani ezilandelayo: D300; D350; I-D400; I-D500; I-D600; D700; I-D800; D900; D1000; D1100; I-D1200 kg / m3;
- amandla - lesi sici siboniswa yincwadi M elandelwe nenani elilinganiselwe ngo kgf / cm2. Kubonisa isilinganiso samandla samandla. Izinga izinga lezinto ezingahle liguquke likhonjiswe ngokumaka B, kulandelwa inombolo ku-MPa, echaza amandla aqinisekisiwe. Iklasi eliphansi kakhulu lamandla likhethwe njenge-B0.35 (M5), futhi izinto eziqinile kakhulu zinesibonakaliso senani labantu abangu-350-400 kg / m3;
- ukumelana nomlilo - ikhonkri ephazamisekile yilezizinto ezingekho emlilweni. Izakhi ezenziwe ngazo zingakwazi ukumelana namalamlilo amahora amaningana;
- umswakama ukuphelela - lo mbonakaliso unquma ukuthi kungenzeka ukukhipha isishu nomswakama ukusuka ekamelweni. Kubalwa mg / (m.h.Pa). I-Vapor ukumelela ngokuqondile kuxhomeke ekubambeni kwabantu: ukwehlisa kwabantu, kuphakamisa ukukhishwa kwamaphutha. Ngomthamo we-D 600, ukukhishwa kwamapu kuyoba ngu-0.023-0.021 g / m * h, D 700 - 0.020-0.018 g / m * h, D 800 - 0.018-0.016 g / m * h;
- ukugxiliswa komsindo - le nkhomba ibalwa kuma-decibel (dB). Okuphakeme, ngcono izici zokuqhaqhaza umsindo. Ubukhulu bezindonga nobukhulu bezinto ezakhiwa yindlu, nakho kuthinta ama-coefficients emisindo yokukhipha umsindo. Lapho ephakeme, umsindo ophansi uzongena endlini;
- ubukhulu - evunyelwe ukuphambuka okushiwo kufanele kube yi-0.5-0.8 mm. Uma lesi sibalo sikhulu, umkhiqizo ungumshado.
Imithetho yokugcina igesi
Isitoreji samabhuloki akhonkolo asezingeni elilula silula, kodwa sidinga ukuqaliswa kwemithetho ethile. Lapho ugcina obala, okokuqala:
- lungiselela kusengaphambili isitezi, sigcwele i-rubble, yesikhulumi;
- cabangela izici zomhlaba - uma kunamvula njalo, indawo yokugcina yamabhuloki kufanele ibe ngaphansi kokunciphisa kancane kwamanzi emvula.
Kubalulekile! Awukwazi ukugcina amabhulokhi akhontiwe aerated, waxoshwa enqwaba. Lokhu kungonakalisa unomphela imikhiqizo eminingi.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi amabhlokhi ayesabi amazinga okushisa aphansi. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nemvula ebanda kakhulu ayibesabi.
Uma ngabe ukupakisha kwasekuqaleni kuvulwe, futhi ezinye zezimpahla sezivele zisetshenzisiwe, khona-ke zonke ezinye izinto ezifakwe emaphaketheni ephrintiwe kufanele zifakwe.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, ifilimu efanele, i-tarpaulin, impahla yokuphahla, izingcezu ze-linoleum endala. Kule fomu, i-aerocrete igcinwe ngokuphepha kuze kube sekushiseni nasekuqaleni kwesigaba esisha sokwakhiwa. 
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi le ndaba ibeka amanzi ngokungafuni. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imvula (imvula, iqhwa, ukuqubuka kwamanzi) akuyikuqala ukungena kuzo izinto. Ngalokhu, i-pallet yokupaka kufanele ibe ukuphakama kwe-10-15 cm ukusuka emhlabathini. Kubalulekile ukuhlola ukwethembeka nobuqotho bendawo yokuhlala (ifilimu, i-tarpaulin, njll).
Ukuba khona kwendawo yokudoba kwenza kube lula isitoreji esilula segesi. Nakhu kudingekile ukwesaba amanzi kuphela, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuhlinzekela ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthola le nto ekuphakameni okwanele kusuka emhlabathini.
Funda futhi mayelana nezici nokusetshenziswa kwe-chipboard e-oriented OSP-3.
Ikhonkri ekhishiwe - isakhiwo samanje sokwakha. Ngaphezu kokungeneka kwayo kwemvelo, ukufinyeleleka nezinye izinzuzo, kuhlanganiswe ngokuphelele nezinye izinto, kusetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwemisebenzi yanoma yikuphi ukubunzima (ngisho nokudweba).
I-universality yayo ibangela ukukhula okudingekayo futhi ivumela ukuyibiza ngokuthi enye yezinto ezithandwayo nezithandwa kakhulu emakethe yanamuhla.
Impendulo evela kubasebenzisi benethiwekhi
