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Imfuyo

Iyini isisindo esivelele sezinkomo futhi isisindo sincike kuphi

Ukufuna ukuthola imfuyo enempilo, umthengi ufuna ukuthola ulwazi oluningi mayelana nezilwane ngangokunokwenzeka. Enye yezinkomba ezibaluleke kakhulu eziqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo yisisindo sezinkabi, ngoba sithinta ngokuqondile isimo sezempilo senkomo, inkomo noma ithole, futhi esikhathini esizayo sithinta ukukhiqiza nokukhiqiza inyama.

Isisindo sesisindo

Isisindo semfuyo (izinkomo) sithatha ulwazi oluthe xaxa kwabamele abelusi bezilwane. Ngakho-ke, ukwazi isisindo somzimba wesilwane, kungashiwo ngesimo sayo somzimba, kanye nokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwayo. Idatha ngokuthi ingakanani i-burenka noma inkunzi enesisindo esidingekayo ekubaleni nasekulungiseleleni ukudla, ukugoma.

Uyazi? Umathumbu wenkomo u-30% wesisindo saso.

Izisindo ezijwayelekile zezinkomo zithinteka yiyo.:

  • iminyaka;
  • ukuzalwa;
  • phansi

Ekulweni kwezilwane, kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa izigaba ezilandelayo zezinkomo:

  • khetha - isisindo silinganiselwa ku-450-500 kg;
  • ibanga lokuqala - isisindo sibe ngu-450 kg;
  • ibanga lesibili - isisindo sezinkomo singaphakathi kuka-400 kg;
  • ibanga lesithathu - 300 kg.

Uma inkomba yesilinganiso semvelo yesilwane ihluke kakhulu ngephutha elivumelekile eliyi-30 kg kumuntu omdala, lokhu kungabonisa ukudla okungalungile nokudla, nokutholakala kwezifo.

Bull

Isisindo esilinganisweni senkunzi kufanele sibe izikhathi eziphindwe izikhathi nesigamu ubukhulu beenkomo, okungaba ngu-700-800 kg, ngenkathi inkunzi endala yenhlobo enkulu yenyama, le nkhomba ingafinyelela ithani futhi idlule ngisho nalesi xabiso, ibe ngu-1200 kg. Izinkomo

I-heifer isilinganiso ingaba ngu-350 kg, kodwa hhayi ngaphansi, uma ingasebenzi emadwaleni amancane.

Izinkomo zenyama zinganquma i-kg kg, uma zingaphezu kweminyaka emibili ubudala futhi zagcinwa ezimweni ezinhle.

Hlola lezi zinkomo: Simmental, Dutch, Holstein, Ayrshire, Jersey, Aberdeen-Angus, Black-and White, Red Steppe, Kalmyk, Kakhakh, Highland, Yaroslavl, Brown Latvia, Shorthorn kanye Holmogory.

Inkomo

Ekuzalweni, isisindo sezinyane kufanele sibe ngaphansi kwesisindo sika-10% somzimba womzimba, okungenani isilinganiso esingu-40 kg. Kungashintsha futhi kuxhomeke esisindo nokuzalwa kwabazali bomntwana.

Amathole akhula ngokushesha; njengabantwana abasanda kuzalwa, kufanele alinganiswe njalo ukuze baqonde ukuthi bazuza kangakanani, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi konke kuhambisane nempilo nokuthi ngabe kunesidingo sokuletha izinguquko ekudleni kwenkunzi noma inkomo. Lapho uneminyaka eyi-1, isisindo sethole kufanele sikhule okungenani ngo-10 kg, ngokwesilinganiso, sithola cishe ngo-30 kg, okungukuthi, baphindwe kabili ngamanani abo okuzalwa. Lapho uneminyaka eyizinyanga eziyisithupha, udluliselwa ekudleni kwabantu abadala, futhi kaningi, kodwa njalo kanye ngenyanga, bayalinganisa isisindo.

Isisindo sezinkomo siyahluka kanjani ngokuya kohlobo

Ochwepheshe abathintekayo ekuzaleni izinkomo kanye nokukhethwa kwayo, banikeze ngezinhlobo eziyinkulungwane zezinkomo emhlabeni jikelele. Kodwa-ke, zonke zihlukaniswe zibe izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko, ngokusekelwe enjongweni yabo emnothweni:

  • ubisi;
  • inyama;
  • inyama kanye nobisi.

Ubisi

Isici esikhethekile semikhiqizo yezinkomo zobisi singabizwa ngokuthi:

  • ubisi olunamafutha aphezulu;
  • inyama encane kakhulu.

Phakathi kwezinkomo ezifuywayo zalezi zinhlobo izinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu esifundeni sethu zingukuthi:

  • I-red steppe. Isisindo, inkomo ingafinyelela ku-400-500 kg, futhi ngokuqondene nama-gobies, wonke ama-900 kg;
  • Omnyama nomhlophe. Ngokwesilinganiso, ithola isigamu tonani, nezinkunzi - 800 kg;
  • Kholmogorskaya. Ubuningi obukhulu bemfuyo buzoba ngamakhilomitha angu-500, kodwa abamele lo mhlobo bangakwazi ukulinganisa zonke 800 kg;
  • Golshtinsky. Ibonakala ngobukhulu obufuywayo bemfuyo, ngoba inkomo yalolu hlobo inesisindo esingu-650 kg, kanti inkunzi ingathola inqwaba ye-1200 kg.

Ukufuya izinkomo ezifuywayo kuhlobene nengozi yokuthuthukisa izifo ezifana ne-ketosis, i-cysticercosis, i-leukemia, i-mastitis, i-edema ye-udema, i-pasteurellosis, isifo somunwe nomlomo noma isifo sofuba.

Inyama

Ukufanisa izinkomo zalezi zinhlobo, ungabiza izici ezinjengalezi:

  • inzuzo yesisindo esheshayo;
  • inyama ephakeme yekhwalithi ngenxa yentuthuko ekhethekile yemisipha;
  • ukunambitheka okungaphezulu okucwengileko.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu izinkomo zenyama, ungacacisa:

  • I-Hereford. Inkomo endala ingaba ngu-500-600 kg isisindo, nenkunzi - 800-1100 g. Ukukhiqiza inyama - 53-65%, kaningi kangako 70%;
  • Uhlobo lwe-Aberdeen-Angus. Izinkomo nazo zithola isisindo esingu-500-600 kg, kanti izinkunzi zingaphansi kancane - cishe 800 kg. Ukukhishwa kwemikhiqizo - 60%;
  • Sharolez ukuzala. Inkunzi endala ithola i-1 200 kg, nesithole - 800 kg, naphezu kokuba banenyama eningi hhayi fat, kanye nomkhiqizo omkhulu wemikhiqizo yenyama;
  • Inyama yase-Ukraine. Ukungazithobeki kakhulu ekudleni, ngoba badla noma yiziphi izimila, ngenkathi befinyelela ezinyangeni ezingu-16 ze-550 kg. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhumba sezinkomo zalesi sizwe sisetshenziswa ekwakheni izicathulo;
  • Znamenovskaya. Unamafomu amancane, ngoba inkomo yalesi sizukulwane iyoba nesisindo esingaphezu kuka-550 kg, nenkunzi - 700 kg. Isikhumba sisetshenziselwa ukwenza izicathulo, izikhwama.

Ukudla nokudla

Abamele lezi zinhlobo banomzimba oqinile futhi basebenziselwa yonke indawo kokubili ukukhiqizwa ubisi kanye nemikhiqizo yenyama.

Bakhiqiza inyama eningi kunobisi, nobisi obuningi kunenyama. Isisindo esilinganisweni - kububanzi buka-550-900 kg, kuye phansi.

Uyazi? Izinkomo ngokwesilinganiso zihlala iminyaka engamashumi amabili, nakuba zikhona isikhathi eside. Izinkunzi zihlala ngaphansi kweminyaka engaphansi kwengu-15.

I-KRG inyama nezinhlobo zobisi, ezithandwa phakathi kwabalimi bezilwane, zikhona:

  • I-Brown Carpathian;
  • Lebedinskaya;
  • I-alatau;
  • Krasnaya Gorbatovskaya;
  • Yurinskaya;
  • Schwycki;
  • I-Tambov Ebomvu;
  • I-Yorkshire;
  • I-brown yaseCaucasia;
  • Simmental
Simmental

Yini enquma isisindo sezinkomo

Isisindo semfuyo sincike ngokuqondile ezimweni zokugcinwa kwayo, kanye nokudla okuhlinzekwa ngumfuyi wezilwane. Kukhona futhi izincomo zokuzalanisa nokunakekelwa, kuye ngokuthi zihlobo nezinhlobo zezinkomo.

Ngakho-ke, izinkomo zezilwane zezilwane azidingeki futhi ngisho nangokwezinga elithile, ukudla okude futhi okukhathalayo kuphikisana, ngoba bangakwazi ukulahlekelwa isisindo sabo. Batshelwa ukuba bakhule esitolo.

Kodwa izinkomo zobisi zinconywa ukuhamba okude emadlelweni anekhono lokuphefumula umoya omusha we-herbal.

Kubalulekile! Imvelo, ukudla kanye nokudla, isimo sezulu kanye nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi kuthinta impilo kanye nokunciphisa izinkomo ezifuywayo.

Izimo zokuboshwa

Lapho uhlela inqolobane yokuzalisa izinkomo, ukubaluleka kwezici ezinjengokuthi:

  • izimo zokushisa. Izinto zangaphandle akufanele zipholile + 10 ° C, uma kungabi ukugcina okubandayo, izinkomo ezindala kanye no -15 ° C ngamathole;
  • umswakama ekamelweni;
  • ukukhanya okuhle;
  • i-gas saturation;
  • akukho umsindo, umoya ozolile.

Kuyafaneleka ukunakekelwa kudlelo. Ukusetshenziswa kwalo kwenza inqubo yokukhiqiza imali engabizi kakhulu, kanti umzimba wenkomo ungathuthuka ngokugcwele, ukunyakaza kwawo akuvinjelwe, kuphefumula umoya omusha, kuphezu kwelanga. Umthelela omuhle kunazo zonke wokuhamba emadlelweni kungenxa yezinkomo zobisi nezinyama-zobisi.

Ukudla izilwane

Ukudla ngokuhlelekile okuhlelekile kufanele kube nekhwalithi ephezulu. Ihlanganisa:

  • Ukudla kwemifino: okunomsoco (utshani, silage, izimpande izitshalo), amaqabunga (hay, utshani), agxile (imfucuza yobuchwepheshe, okusanhlamvu);
  • izilwane;
  • synthesis chemical and microbiological;
  • feed nokuxuba okuxube;
  • amavithamini namaminerali amaminerali.
Kubalulekile! Ukudla okuvela ku-sunflower, ikhekhe nekotini ikhekhe ukwandisa inani lemikhiqizo yobisi, ne-poppy, i-hemp ne-rapeseed ngokufanayo.

Izinkabi zezinkomo: isisindo esiphezulu nesincane

Iyiphi umfuyi wezilwane enqaba ukuziqhayisa impumelelo yemisebenzi yabo? Kunezinhlobo ezinkulu neziningi kakhulu zezinkomo, nokho, phakathi kwalabo abameleli bezilwane kunezilwane ezinkulu.

Izinkunzi:

  1. Ummeleli omkhulu kunawo wonke we-KRG uthathwa njengeDonnetto.owayehlala eSwitzerland ngekhulu lama-XX. Isisindo sakhe - u-1740 kg, nokuphakama ekubundeni - 190 cm. Wayengumzalwane we-Porcelain.
  2. Kuze kube manje, akukho titanium esingaphansi ehlala eNgilandi. Uzala uCharolais negama lakhe linguShash Marshal. Ubuningi bayo buyi-1700 kg, futhi ubude buyi-190 cm.
  3. Esinye isiqhwaga sasibizwa ngeChile, ehlala eFern (eBrithani). Iyingxenye yohlobo lwe-Freesian, oluvela ku-Porcelain. Isisindo salo ngu-1300 kg
  4. Hlanganisa uhlanga olukhululekile futhi isisindo esingaphansi kuka-1,200 kg futhi sinokuphakama kuka-196 cm, futhi ubude bayo bubukeka, buyi-4.3 m.

Zazi ngokwakho ngezinhlobo eziyaziwa kakhulu zenkomo yenkomo ye-fattening.

Izinkomo:

  1. Umnikazi werekhodi unomphela yi-freenka, owahlala ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XX. Idatha yakhe ingeniswe kuGuinness Book of Records, futhi cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi uzothola umphikisana naye, ngoba isisindo sakhe sasiyi-2,270 kg. Igama lakhe laliyiNtaba iKapadin, yayingumuthi we-hybrid wohlobo lwe-Holstein-Durhmanian. Wayengu-3.96 m in girth no-188 cm lapho ebonakala khona.
  2. Umnikazi wamanje wegama elithi "giant" yi-Big Cow Chilli. Ingaphezu kwetani ngesisindo futhi ubude obuyi-183 cm.
Isisindo senkomo sibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba sibonisa isimo sempilo yesilwane. Inqwaba yezinkomo incike ekuzaleni kwayo futhi ukudla kwayo nezimo zokuphila kungathinta. Kunezindlela eziningi zokukala isisindo, ngoba lesi sici esibalulekile senza indima ebalulekile ekuthengeni izinkomo ezifuywayo.

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