I-chiansaw ye-Druzhba-4 iyisithuluzi esivivinya isikhathi esizukulwaneni, esasanda kusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kokubili ezweni lethu nasemazweni angomakhelwane. Yaba yinto engokoqobo yokukhiqizwa kwekhaya futhi yakhunjulwa ngabantu basekhaya njengethuluzi elithembekile nelingenakuzithoba ekunakekeleni, ngakho-ke lokhu lokhu kubonakala kusatholakala kakhulu empilo yansuku zonke. Noma kunjalo, abathengi abaningi banamuhla bakhetha leli thuluzi. Kulesi sihloko sizokwazi kabanzi ngalolu chungechunge ngokuningiliziwe, futhi sinqume izinzuzo eziyinhloko nezimo eziyingozi ezihlobene nezinye izinhlobo.
Ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe
I-Chainsaw "Ubuhlobo-4" phakathi kwabathengi kubhekwa njengendlela eyisikhathi esingekho isikhathi eside, kodwa, naphezu kokukhula kwayo, leyunithi igcwalisa ngokugcwele zonke izidingo zomkhaya eziyisisekelo, kanye nokumangalisa ngokulula nokuthembeka ekusebenzeni. Okulandelayo, sibheka ingxenye yezobuchwepheshe yalesi sibone ngokuningiliziwe.
Uyazi? I-petroleum chain yaboniswa ngo-1927 ngenxa yomhwebi waseJalimane u-Emil Lehrp. Ithuluzi lalinomthamo wenjini wama-cubic meter angu-245. cm, enekhono lama-8 amalitha. c. futhi kulinganiselwa cishe ngo-58 kg.
Umhlangano we-Chainsaw
Ukuhlanganisa i-chainsaw kubonakala kulula kakhulu, kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, zonke izakhi zedizayini zenziwe ngokuzwakalayo. Izingxenye zecala zenziwe nge-high aluminium alloy, ngakho-ke abesabi nanoma yikuphi ukwehla kwamandla okushisa. Ifreyimu nesibambo zenzelwe ngendlela yokuvikela isisebenzi ekushiseni okungenzeka ku-injini ngenkathi kusebenza ithuluzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhishwa kwamakhansela kuhlinzekwa ekwakhiweni kwaleli chungechunge, ngakho-ke uma liphuka, le ndlela izomisa lo mboni, ozovikela isisebenzi ekulimaweni okungenzeka. Ubukhulu besilinganiso: 865 x 460 x 500 mm, ubude bokudoba ngu-450 mm.
Ithuluzi libhekwa ukusebenza okuphezulu. Ngesivinini esiphezulu sokujikeleza kwe-shaft ku-5-5,4 ama-revolutions ngomzuzu, i-saw iyakwazi ukucubungula cishe ngamamitha ayi-square ayi-75. bheka izinkuni zesibili. Ukuhamba kwe-bar bar ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenzeka kusukela kwesokudla kuya kwesobunxele. Isisindo esiphezulu seyunithi ngaphandle kwe-carburetor, amathayi kanye namaketanga ayi-10.5 kg, ngesethi ephelele - 12.5 kg. Kodwa-ke, isisindo esikhulu sethuluzi asiyicindezeli ukusetshenziswa kwayo, ngoba i-saw ibheka ngokulinganisela futhi ihambelana kahle ngezandla. Ukusheshiswa okuphelele kwesibindi sokudlidliza emazingeni e-Druzhba-4 kuwu-13 m / s2, nezinga lokuzwakala lifinyelela ku-105 dBA.
Enkambeni yokusebenzisa i-chainsaws, kungase kube nemibuzo mayelana nokuqeda uketshezi, ukwelula uketshezi, izinkinga zokuqala, amathuluzi omshini wokuloba uketshezi.
Injini
Ihlome nge-single-cylinder ezimbili-stroke carburetor-type saw. Ububanzi be-cylinder yayo ngu-48 mm, ukushaya kwesibhamu ku-52 mm. Ukubona amandla - cishe 2.94 kW, okungama-4 amalitha. nge., kanti amandla enjini afinyelela ku-95 cu. cm. Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha akuphezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngesivinini esiphezulu akudluli 720 g / kWh. Izingxenye eziyinhloko ze injini: i-crankcase, i-crankshaft exhunywe kwinduku yokuxhuma, i-piston system, i-cylinder. Injini iphinde ihlanganise izinhlelo ezilandelayo: ukushisa, amandla, ukupholisa nokuqeda.
I-crankcase yenziwa nge-alloyum alloyum-resistant alloy. Iqukethe ama-halves amabili, ahlanganiswe kanye nosizo lwamantongomane akhethekile. I-cylinder ingxenyeni ye-aluminium alloy ene-chrome-plated coating, eyandisa ukwanda kwayo. I-piston nayo yenziwe nge-high aluminium alloy, phezu kwendawo yayo ifakwe emasongweni amabili okuncintisana, axhumene nesibhamu sethusi. I-crankshaft enenduku yokuxhuma iyinhlangano eqoshiwe. Induku yokuxhuma i-rod iyenziwe ngensimbi enezinsimbi, inaliti yokufaka inaliti itholakala ekhanda layo eliphansi.
Uyazi? "Ubuhlobo-4" ungomunye wemikhiqizo embalwa yemboni yeSoviet eye yamukelwa emhlabeni jikelele. Ngo-1958, eBrussels, ku-EXPO World Show, lo saw wabona i-Medal Gold.
Uhlelo lokupholisa imoto - uhlobo oluphoqelelwe, umoya. Ukugeleza kwe-air cooling kudalwa ngumdlali we-centrifugal. Ngosizo lokugeleza komoya ukuhlanekezela kuqondiswa ku-cylinder. Ukushisa kwe-saw kubangelwa ukumaketha usebenzisa ipulagi le-spark kanye nocingo olukhethekile. I-unit supply supply ihlanganisa ithangi legesi, isibhamu esinesihlungi sefutha kanye ne-carburetor. Ukunikezwa kwamanzi kagesi kuvela ngamandla adonsela phansi ngokuvula i-valve fuel. Uhlelo lokukhipha luhlanganisa ibhokisi legiar, uhlaka, izixhobo zothuli, ukuqala. Ukunciphisa umsindo ohlelweni lokukhipha kuhlinzekwa umfutho.
Injini nezici zayo ezihambisanayo yizingxenye ezizimele, ezihleliwe komunye nomunye ngokusebenzisa uxhumano olukhethekile lwama flange, olumiswe ngesikhwama esinqanyelwe kwisibambo seyunithi. Ukwakhiwa okunjalo kwenza kube lula ukubuyisela i-node ehlulekile ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, okubaluleke kakhulu ezimweni zokungena kwamandla amaningi. Zonke izingxenye ezihambayo zigcwala ngokuzenzakalelayo ngenhlanganisela yamafutha nophethiloli.
Imiqulu yokuthungatha kanye nezinto zokugcina izinto
Amandla kagesi (gas tank) wabona "Ubuhlobo-4" yakhelwe 1.5 amalitha kagesi kagesi. Njengophethiloli, inketho engcono kakhulu ingxube yephethiloli A92 kanye namafutha omhlaba jikelele wezinjini ezimbili (15: 1).
Umthamo wamathangi wamafutha enjini 150 ml, njengendlela yokugcoba injini ebusika, sebenzisa ingxube yamafutha omhlaba jikelele nophethiloli (3: 1), kanti ehlobo - amafutha injini ahlanzekile. Futhi, amafutha we-injection amabili abuye asetshenziselwe ukugcoba umgodla we-starter, i-axis ye-throttle control lever, kanye nama-bushings aqoshiwe. Ukuze kusetshenziswe lubrication kwamanye amasayithi kunconywa ukusebenzisa "i-Litol-24" noma izifanekiselo zalo.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze kulungiswe uphethiloli akuvunyelwe ukuba usebenzise amanothi kawoyela "Lukoil-2T", "TNK-2", "I-OIL", "I-AZMOL Sport 2T GD", njengoba lokhu kuzophula uhlelo lwephethiloli ye-chainsaw.
Idatha eyisisekelo yokulungiswa nokulawula
Ukulungisa kahle i-saw "Ubungane-4", kufanele ugcine:
- ibanga eliphakathi kwama-electrode alangabi eliphakathi kuka 0.6-0.7 mm;
- igebe eliphakathi kwemikhawulo yamazinyo ezilinganiso ze-motor kanye nokuphela kwesigcawu se-crankcase ikhava kusuka ku-22.2 kuya ku-23.4 mm;
- ibanga eliphakathi kwe-lever control control kanye nesibambo sesigxobo ngokuvuleka okugcwele kwe-throttle livela ku-2 kuya ku-8 mm ngaphandle kwamandla okunciphisa futhi kusuka ku-15 kuya ku-20 mm ngokunciphisa amandla;
- ibanga eliphakathi komkhawulo wesondo kanye nomkhawulo wezingxube zokuxhuma kweketheni lapho udonsa phansi igatsha layo elingaphansi ukusuka etheni elisendaweni ephakathi kuka-5-10 mm;
- ukude kwe-protrusion okuvimbelayo okuhlobene nomkhawulo wokusika we-saw chain kuwu-0.8 ± 0.125 mm.
Umsebenzi wokulungiswa
Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwe-chainsaw ngokungaphazanyiswa isikhathi eside, "Ubuhlobo-4" kudinga ukulungiswa okwesikhashana kwamayunithi asebenzayo abalulekile eyunithi. Le nqubo ihilela ukulungisa ukuxubana kwamaketanga, i-embray, kanye nekhwalithi yamafutha kanye nesivinini. Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe izigaba eziyinhloko zomsebenzi wokulungisa.
Funda ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani ugesi owenziwe ugesi noma uphethiloli, umshini wegesi noma umshini wokugcoba ugesi, umshini wokushisa igesi, ifosholo yamazambane, i-blower blower, i-mini-trekta, i-screwdriver, i-fecal pump, ipompo yokuhambisa, isiteshi sepompo, ipompo lokunisela, ukuchelela ukuchelela, ama-sprinklers.
I-Carburetor
I-carburetor inomfutho ophethe inkinobho yokucebisa, umzimba wamagumbi okushisa, umzimba womsakazo, isembozo, i-throttle nenaliti nenkezo yekhebula, isihlungi somoya. Ukulungiswa kwalo kwenza kube lula ukushintsha inani lezinguquko ze injini ngamandla akhe amakhulu nangesikhathi sokuzibandakanya. Lokhu kuthinta ngokuqondile ikhwalithi yemisebenzi eyenziwe yi-saw.
Isifunda se-Carburetor
Ukuze ulungise inani lezinguquko ngesikhathi sokuzibandakanya, udinga ukushintsha ikhwalithi nobuningi bephethiloli enikezwa ku-cylinder. Umthamo wenhlanganisela ye-fuel injected ilawulwa yi-throttle. I-throttle ilawulwa yi-lever esesandleni sokunene sohlaka. Ikhwalithi yenhlanganisela ilawulwa ngenxa ye-screw carburetor. Uma kukhishwa, ingxube ihlanzwa, uma ingaguquki - inconywe. Uma ulungisa i-saw kumodi engavamile, kufanele uhambisane namazinga alandelayo emsebenzini wawo:
Ukulungiswa kwe-Carburetor
- injini kufanele isebenze ngokuqinile nangokuzethemba;
- inani elincane lemfucuza evuthayo;
- le moto kufanele ibe nokusheshisa okukhulu.
- ngokugcwele umthwalo, i-chainsaw kufanele ihlakulele amandla aphezulu ngenani elincane lemfucuza egazini;
- ngesikhathi ama-robot injini ingasetshenziselwa ukushisa (ukushisa komshini kuyisibonakaliso sokuqala kwamapayipi ampofu), wehlisa noma umise ekutheni ukhululeke kakhulu.
Kubalulekile! Ukusebenza saw "Ubuhlobo-4" ngaphandle kokuhlunga umoya akuvumelekile, ngoba lokhu kuzoholela ekugqokeni injini engakafiki.
Bamba
I-clutch iqukethe izingxenye ezilandelayo: i-disk yokushayela enezintambo ezimbili, i-disk eqhutshwayo nefomu lefomu elenziwe nge-g. Izindandatho zomnsundu zepayipi yokushayela zihleliwe ngezihluthulelo. Ipuleti yokushayela ifakwe ekugcineni kwe-crankshaft ekupheleni, i-disc eqhutshwayo ifakwe engxenyeni yomshini wesondo lokushayela ibhokisi legiya. Ukulungiswa kwale node kwenziwa kuphela uma kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-saw chain uqala ukuzimela ngokuzimela ngethrekhi. Lokhu kungenxa yokulahlekelwa kwamasongo we-clutch elastic ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
Ukuze ubuyekeze ukusebenza kwangaphambili kwamasongo, kwenziwa ngokuhlobisa i-rivet usebenzisa uhlangothi olunzulu lwesando. Ukumisa isitembu kufanele kwenziwe kusuka ngaphandle, ngaphesheya kwendandatho, ngokufanayo phakathi nendiza yayo. Ngenxa yenkambiso, imvume yokuvala ilokhi kufanele ihliswe kakhulu. Ukuze ususe ohlangothini lwezingxenyeni zokuphela, kukwanele ukusigoba ngesandla.
Funda indlela yokwenza ifosholo yamazambane, isitshalo sezambane, i-hiller, i-Fokin i-cutter flat, i-snow blower, ifosholo ene-auger, isimanga, imfosholo kanye ne-mower ngezandla zakho
Inkinga yokuxhuma
Ukunciphisa kwalolu chungechunge kulungiswa ngemuva kokufaka esikhundleni seketheni elidala ngenye entsha, kanye nokusebenza kwalo, njengoba kungakwazi ukulula ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Lolu hlobo lwenqubo lwenziwa ngokushintshanisa isikulufa se-tensioner.
Ukulawula le nci, kuyadingeka ukuba uzame ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ngesikhathi sokulibazisa kwegatsha elingaphansi lochungechunge olusuka kudoti engxenyeni yalo ephakathi, umkhawulo wokuxhumanisa okuxhunyiwe kwesikhungweni kusekude kwezingu-10 mm kusukela ekugcineni kwetheni. Kulolu cala, uchungechunge oluthintekayo kufanele luhambe ngokukhululekile ngesondo ngesandla.
Uyazi? Ngenxa yokuphelela nokusebenza kwayo, kuma-60s ekhulwini lama-20 injini evela ku-saw "Druzhba-4" yayisetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ezindiza zaseSoviet. Ngokwezisekelo zayo, izindiza ze-helicopter ezilula X-3, X-4 no-X-5 zadalwa.
Ukuphepha
Imithetho eyisisekelo yokuphepha lapho usebenza ne-chainsaw:
- ukusebenza ngethuluzi elingalungile akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele. Ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngasinye sokusebenza, i-chainsaw kufanele ihlolwe ngokucophelela ukuze isebenze ngokugcwele, futhi zonke izingxenye eziguquguqukayo kufanele zenziwe;
- Ukusebenza nge-saw kufanele kwenziwe kuphela kwi gear yokuzivikela;
- wabona ukulawula kufanele kwenziwe ngezandla zombili;
- isikhathi esivunyelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi sokusebenza nge-chainsaw ngesikhathi sokushintsha ngekhefu elivamile ngamaminithi angu-112, nge-engavamile - amaminithi angu-48;
- Bonke abasebenza ngamathuluzi aphethwe yigesi kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngaphandle;
- ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo uma ikhebula kufanele liboshwe engalweni lapho iqala ukuhamba, futhi uchungechunge akufanele lithinte noma yiziphi izinto;
- lapho ebona ubuso bokuqala bezinkuni, ukuma kwebhokisi legiya kufanele kuthintane futhi ngemuva kokuba leso sikhanti sokubona sisetjenziswe;
- ukusika nokuphela kwengxenye yesondo sohlangothini akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele
- ukukhulula isifunda sokuhlunga kuphela uma injini ivaliwe;
- uma kwenzeka umzila ovulekile, injini kufanele ivuliwe;
- Ngesikhathi usebenza ekuhlahleni izihlahla, qiniseka ukuthi ulandela yonke imithetho yokuphepha yokungena ngemvume.
- Zonke izinto ezivuthayo zigcinwa esitsheni esingaphansi kwamanzi endaweni epholile, emlilweni;
- lapho ugcwalisa itanki nge injini, kude nendawo engaphansi kwamamitha angu-20 kunoma imuphi umthombo welangabi elivulekile;
- ngesikhathi sokubona izinto ezinokutsha ukubhema kuvinjelwe;
- izindawo ezigcotshiwe eziswe ezinxilweni ezivuthayo kufanele zihlutswe.
Amandla nobuthakathaka
Njenganoma iyiphi enye ithuluzi, i-Chainsaw "Ubuhlobo-4" inezinzuzo zayo nokuqapha. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuthola leli thuluzi, kubalulekile ukukala zonke izinzuzo nezingozi, kuphela kuleli cala, i-saw ngeke ibe yinto nje kuphela, kodwa izoletha inzuzo enkulu kumnikazi wayo.
Funda ngezimbangela nezindlela zokususwa komuthi ngokusika futhi ukususa kanjani umuthi ngaphandle kokusisika.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-saw yomkhiqizo we-Druzhba-4:
- ukwakhiwa okulula nokuhlala njalo;
- ikhono lokusebenza ezimweni ezinzima kunazo zonke ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka imizuzu engama-50;
- Izimbongolo ezinde ezinikeza ukuphepha okuphezulu, ukunciphisa ukudlidliza nokukwenza kube lula ukusika ngenkathi umile;
- yonke imihlangano emikhulu yamabonisi inokutholakala okuphezulu, okusheshisa inqubo yokushintsha izingxenye ezimbi;
- ukunyakaza kwezinsimbi kwenzeka kuphela ngesivinini esikhulu;
- i-octane ephansi ye-octane ingasetshenziselwa ukushisa ama-saw;
- ukutholakala kwesifunda esiphuthumayo sokujikeleza;
- lapho uchungechunge lubambekile, i-saw ayigcini;
- naphezu kweminyaka yobudala, ithuluzi lenza kube lula ukudala ngisho nokusika, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubukhulu bezinkuni bunjani;
- impilo yesikhathi eside (ngokunakekelwa kahle eminyakeni eyi-15-30).
Kubalulekile! Ngemuva kwamahora angu-24 wokubheka, kuyadingeka ukuyihlanza kusuka esikhwameni se-soot nge-disassembly encane. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukugqoka kwezinxenye zethuluzi kukhula kakhulu.
Ububi beliyunithi abukhulu kakhulu:
- isisindo esikhulu se-saw, ngakho-ke akuwona wonke umuntu ongayiphatha;
- ngenxa yokuthi i-chainsaw starter iyasuswa, le node ngokuvamile ivame ukulahlekelwa;
- I-Druzhba-4 ayinawo inkinobho ye-Stop, ngakho-ke kufanele ivaliwe ngaso sonke isikhathi;
- Akulula kakhulu ukuthenga izingxenye ezinhle nezingxenye ezithintekayo zalesi siboni, njengoba abakhiqizi abaningi banamuhla bekhiqiza izingxenye ezingenakwanele zokuphila ngempilo ephansi yokusekela, izingxenye ezinhle kakhulu zingathengwa kuphela ezimakethe ezigcwele.
Ngaphambi kwamathuluzi, ukwakhiwa kwegumbi elingaphansi komzimba, indlu yezimvu, inkukhu yenkukhu, i-verandah, i-gazebo, i-pergolas, i-pergolas, i-fence, indawo eyimpumputhe, ukubhema okushisayo nokubandayo, umzila ovela ku-spilov, indlu yokugeza, uphahla lwamahlathi, uphethiloli olukhuni, i-attic
I-chainsaw emsebenzini
Ividiyo: ukuthi i-chainsaw yobudlelwane-4 isebenza kanjani
Ividiyo: I-Chainsaw "Ubungane-4"
I-Chainsaw "Ubungane-4" - ithuluzi elithembekile futhi eliqinile elikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi walo ngendlela efanele. Naphezu kokuthi i-saw yakhululwa emashumini eminyaka edlule, futhi namuhla izici zayo zobuchwepheshe zikwazi ukuhlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo zomkhaya eziyisisekelo. Kodwa-ke, uma unquma ukuthenga le mpahla yemishini yasendlini ngezidingo zakho, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwalolu thuluzi kunikezela ukulungiswa okuhle ngokomzimba, njengasezindaweni ezihlangene u-saw uyalinganisa kakhulu.
Ukubuyekeza okuvela kwinethiwekhi
Ngombono wami, ubuhlobo be-chainsaw emanzini wamanje buwudoti olungokomthetho nangokwemvelo ngisho noma lungusha, kodwa uma kwakungumangaliso we-Soviet engineering
