Emkhakheni wezwe lakithi, i-viticulture yeminyaka eyizinkulungwane iye yaba yinto esemqoka yabantu abaningi.
Kwabanye, kuyindlela nje yokwenza imali, kwabanye kuyisitshalo somphefumulo, kanti kwabanye, kuyisimo sokuzilibazisa kanye nenjongo yokuphila.
Luhlobo lwesithathu lwabantu abavame ukuthunjwa ngenqubo yokwanda kwamagilebhisi okukhula abaqala ukudala ama-hybrids abo.
Ngokuvamile, ukuhlolwa okunjalo kwenziwa nge-bang, ukuze amagama amaningi futhi amasha avele kubhalweni lwamagilebhisi.
Mayelana nenye yalezi zithelo zamagilebhisi, ezavela ngemizamo yomkhiqizi we-amateur EG Pavlovsky, sizochaza ngezansi.
Amagilebhisi "Okungaphezulu Okungeziwe": izimfihlo nezici zezinhlobonhlobo
Abantu abaningi bayazi lokhu okuhlukahlukene ngaphansi kwesinye, hhayi okungezansi, igama elithi "Citrin". Lolu hlobo lwezithelo zomvini luvunjiwe ngenxa ye-amateur cross-breeding ye-Talisman ehlukahlukene neKhadidiyali, eyayihlanganiswa ne-pollen yezinhlobo zomvini ezingaziwa.
Umphumela walolu cwaningo kwakuyi-tablete emihle kakhulu yamagilebhisi anezici ezinhle kakhulu zokuvunwa nezithelo. Siyabonga ukuzinza okuhle Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi zithatha ukwakhiwa kakhudlwana njalo ngonyaka, njengoba zingakwazi ukubekezelela ukubandisa futhi zithele izithelo ngisho nesikhathi esifushane sonyaka oshisayo.
Ukubukeka nokuma kwezibhamu, okungukuthi, amaqabunga, amagilebhisi ama-Super Extra afana kakhulu nezivini ze-Arcadia. Ama-nonprofessionals angawahlukanisa kusukela komunye nomunye kuphela ngenxa yokunambitheka nokuqina kwesikhumba.
Amaqoqo ngokuvamile avamile noma amakhulu ngobukhulu, ubukhulu bawo buhluka kusuka ku-0.4 kuya ku-0.8 kilogram, ngokulandelana. Ngefomu, zifana nokufana ne-Arcadia - ihambisana ne-cylindrical, noma i-cylindrical. Ngokuvame ukwakhiwa kwesinye noma amaphiko amaningi ezandleni. Isakhiwo sabo singaba kokubili okuxekethile nokuphakathi okuhlanganisiwe.
Isisindo sesilinganiso sepea eyodwa kungashintshashintsha kusuka ku-7 ukuya ku-10 amagremuWith ubukhulu 2.5 x2.1 amasentimitha. Ukuma amajikijolo e-Super Extra Extra is a ovoid, okuyinto ehluke ngokuyinhloko kusuka ku-Arcadia. Umbala wabo wesikhumba unombala ophuzi. Ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo kuhle kakhulu, kodwa hhayi ngokujulile njengalokhu okushiwo yi-Arcadia. Inyama yezinhlobonhlobo ezichazweyo yinyama namanzi amaningi, okwenza kube nomusa kakhulu lapho idliwa.
Ngokuvamile, ukunambitheka kuyavumelana, kepha kuhlanjululwa kancane ngesikhumba, esadliwa. Kufanelekile ukunaka izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuqoqa ushukela lamajikijolo alezi zinhlobonhlobo, okuyi-16-18% ngenani le-acidity elingama 4-6 g / l kuphela.
Amagilebhisi "I-Super Extra" ibonakala ngesihlahla esikhulu kakhulu esiqinile. Ngenxa yalokhu, kanye nokuvuthwa okuhle komvini, isihlahla singajabula ngempela izithelo eziphezulu.
Kodwa nokho, isihlahla sidinga ukusika izikhwebu kanye nokujwayelekile kwemali yesitshalo. Inombolo enhle yamehlo kwesinye isihlahla cishe ngo-20-25. Kanye "nase-Arcadia", ama-clusters angu-1-2 angakha ngesibhamu esisodwa sesihlahla salolu hlobo.
I-plus enkulu yalolu hlu oluhlukahlukene lwamagilebhisi yilokho izithelo zivuthiwe ngesikhathi esifushane. Abaningi baze babhekisele kulolu hlobo lwamagilebhisi ezinhlobonhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo, ngoba inkathi ekhulayo yamahlathi ayo iphela izinsuku ezingu-95-105 kuphela. Ngenxa yalokhu, ungakwazi ukuvuna ezinsukwini zokuqala zika-Agasti.
Ngakho-ke, isihlahla sihle kakhulu ku-viticulture yama-amateur, ngoba kunoma yiziphi izimo izithelo zawo zivuthwe ngokuphelele, futhi ukulimala kahle emhlathini akudingi ukunakekelwa okukhulu kumlimi.
Incazelo ye-main kufanelekile Amagilebhisi angaphezulu
- Isihlahla somvini sinembali yobungqingili, ngenxa yokuthi ayikho izinkinga nge-pollination yayo futhi ayikho ipea ekhonjiswe emagilebhisi.
- Isethulo esihle kanye nokunambitheka kwezithelo zomvini.
- Ngenxa yesikhumba esinamandla esifanele ukuhamba.
- Kunokuphikisana okuphakeme kakhulu nezifo ezivame kakhulu zefungal zezivini.
- Isihlahla sibekezelela kakhulu ukushisa okubandayo nokubandayo; kwakungekho umonakalo emvinini wakhe lapho izinga lokushisa lanciphisa -24ºะก. Kodwa namanje, libhekisela ekuthwaleni amasiko.
Abaningi bakhetha ukuhlukahluka kwamagilebhisi okuthi "Super Extra" "i-Arcadia", okubhekisela ekufaneni kanye nama-flavour efanayo. Kodwa nokho, ukuhlukahluka kwamagilebhisi amasha, ngokusho kwedatha okwakhiwa njengamanje, kunokumelana kangcono.
Njengamanje, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemagilebhisi ezichazwe zisabhekwa njengabancane kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, zonke izici zalo, ezichazwe ngenhla, ziqhubeka zifundiswa. Ngakho-ke, ukusho ngokungaqondile, kuzozibonakalisa esihlahleni kwesifo esithile, noma ukuchotshozwa kwamajikijolo, noma ukulimala yizinambuzane, kunzima kakhulu.
Kunoma yikuphi, isihlahla kufanele siqaphe ngokucophelela nokulawula isimo sawo. Izipulisi ezivimbela njalo zezifo zefungal nazo azikwazi ukushiywa.
Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukufunda mayelana namagilebhisi omuhle wezobuchwepheshe
Indlela yokutshala amagilebhisi kuwebhusayithi yakho ngokufanele futhi ngokulula: imiyalelo eningiliziwe
Ngisho nabalimi abanolwazi ngezinye izikhathi benza amaphutha amancane lapho behlwanyela lesi sitshalo esihle. Okumele ukhulume ngalabo abafuna ukutshala izithelo zomvini kuqala kwisayithi yabo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sifuna ukwabelana nawe zonke izimfihlo nokuzikhethela kwalokhu, empeleni, okulula, inqubo.
Akuwona wonke umuntu owaziyo, kodwa kunezindlela eziningana zokukhiqiza amagilebhisi. Ngamunye wabo usebenza kahle futhi unezici zakhe siqu:
- Ukukhiqizwa kwamagilebhisi ngezithombo. Ngale ndlela, izinhlobo ezivuthiwe zemivuno zikhula ngezimpande zawo, ngaphandle uma kungenjalo ukuthi isitshalo asitshaliwe. Ngenxa yalokhu ungaba nokwethemba okungu-100% ukuthi isihlahla okhulayo sizoba nazo zonke izici ezihlukahlukene.
- Ukuqoqa ama-varietal cuttings amagilebhisi esitokisini nge-supply of woods eside. Lolu hlobo lokuzalanisa lungabizwa ngokuthi lusebenza kahle kakhulu. Uma ukusika kuncike ngempumelelo, isihlahla esincane sizokhula ngokushesha futhi sizokwazi ukungena ngokushesha. Phela, iqiniso liwukuthi isihlahla sesivele sinezimpande ezihluthulelwe kahle ezikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngokusika ngezinsolo eziningi ezibalulekile. Enye inzuzo yokugoma ukuthi ungayenza cishe unyaka wonke: ukuxhunyelela ukusika "okumnyama" esikhwameni "esimnyama," esimnyama kuya eluhlaza "," okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ".
- Sebenzisa ukuzalisa amathoni omvini. Uma othile wabangane bakho enesithelo samagilebhisi "Super Extra", khona-ke ungabacela ukuba benze amagatsha avela ehlathini. Okuyisisekelo salendlela kubangelwa ukuthi ukudubula okuhle nokude kususwe esihlahleni, kulele phansi futhi kuhlanganiswe nenhlabathi. Ekupheleni kwesikhathi esithile, lokhu kudubula kuzothatha izimpande futhi kube yisihlahla esiphelele. Uma ihlukaniswe esihlahleni esiyinhloko, ngemuva kwalokho ingabe isetshenziswe njenge-sapling.
- Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yamagilebhisi. Kuzo zikhula izithombo ze-varietal, ezingakapheli iminyaka engu-1-2 zingatshalwa njenge-shrub egcwele. Kodwa-ke, kaningi ngokukhiqiza okunjalo amagilebhisi alahlekelwa yizindawo zawo ezihlukahlukene, ngakho-ke le ndlela isetshenziswa kakhulu kakhulu.
Ukuchaza izindlela zokutshala amagilebhisi ngenhla, sesivele sisho ukuthi utshalwe cishe unyaka wonke. Kunalokho, kuphela entwasahlobo nasekwindla, kodwa isikhathi sokufika singasakazwa kakhulu.
Ukutshala kwempumalanga kungaqala kusukela ekupheleni kukaMashi, uma isimo sesimo sezulu sinesikhathi sokusungulwa okunganeno noma esingaphansi kwalesi sikhathi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungakwazi ukuhlanganisa ama-cuttings noma ukutshala lezo zithombo eziye zagcinwa kusukela ekwindla.
Zingatshalwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuze kube nguMeyi. Uma uzohlwanyela ngosizo lwama-sapling aluhlaza okhuliwe ngokusika ngendlela yokutshala indlu, kufanele kwenziwe kahle ekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kwehlobo ukuze amaqhwa angalindelekile angalimazi amahlumela awo aluhlaza.
Ngokuvamile, inzuzo yokutshala kwentwasahlobo yukuthi phakathi nonyaka wokuqala wonyaka okhulayo, umvini unesikhathi sokuzivumelanisa kahle futhi ukhule endaweni entsha. Ngakho-ke, kuyoba nokuzinza kakhulu lapho iqhwa lasebusika liqala.
Kodwa izinzuzo zokutshala ekwindla zifakazela ukuthi kulesi sikhathi sonyaka ukuthi izinto zokutshala zokutshala zenziwa - izithelo kanye nezithombo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kunengqondo kakhulu ukuyihlwanyela ngalesi sikhathi ukuze bangabe bome futhi bonakale.
Futhi, ekwindla, inhlabathi iqukethe umswakama obuningi, osekela kahle ubukhulu besitshalo somvini. Siyabonga ngalokhu, nesipelingi futhi ayidingi ukunakwa okukhulu nokuphuza. Ukufika ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka kungenziwa kusukela engxenyeni yesibili kaSeptemba futhi cishe kuze kube sekuqaleni kukaNovemba, uma ngaleso sikhathi amaqhwa aqinile ebusika engakaqali.
Okokuqala, lapho ukhetha indawo yokutshala isihlahla somvini, kudingeka ucabange ukuthi lesi sitshalo sidinga kakhulu ukukhanya kwelanga. Endaweni evulekile noma eduze kakhulu nezinye izitshalo, amagilebhisi ngeke akhule kahle, okungenani athele izithelo.
Ngokusho kwabakwa-winegrowers abanokuhlangenwe nakho, kungcono ukuyikhulela endaweni yakubo ukusuka eningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga kwezindlu noma izakhiwo, okuzophinde kube yisivikelo emoyeni. Futhi indlela enhle yokukhula yamagilebhisi ukwakha amakhekhe akhethekile kubo noma ukutshala amahlathi eduze kwamagaba.
Ukuze isikhala esaneleyo sokugaya nokukhula, kubalulekile ukutshala iphethini efanele.
Njengoba izithelo zomvini ezithe xaxa zine-shrub ekhulayo, amahlumela kufanele atshalwe ebangeni elilinganiselwe komunye nomunye - cishe 1.5-2 noma ngisho namamitha ayi-2.5.
Ibanga phakathi kwemigqa kufanele futhi lingabi ngaphansi kwamamitha amathathu. Uma uzohlwanyela amagilebhisi eduze kwendlu, udinga ukuhamba kusukela kusisekelo ngamamitha ayi-0.7-1.
Kubalulekile ukuthi umvini watshalwe enhlabathini evundile. Phela, inhlabathi iyisisekelo sokwakhiwa kwehlathi kanye nezithelo zalo. Lesi sitshalo sigxile ikakhulukazi enhlabathini emnyama, i-loam elula.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi inhlabathi ikwazi ukugcina umswakama kahle ngokwayo, nakuba kunjalo akufani nodaka. Amagilebhisi nemikhumbi engakwazi ukuhlinzeka izakhi emhlathini ngeke isebenze.
Uma kwenzeka ukuthi akukho nhlabathi efanelekayo kwisayithi lakho, ukuzala kwayo kungakhula ngokuzimela, uma iminyaka eminingana yondle njalo nge-fertilizer eningi.
Umsebenzi obaluleke kunawo wonke lapho utshalwa amagilebhisi ngezimpande zawo akuyona inketho ye-seedling ngokwayo, kodwa ukulungiselela umgodi wokutshala. Iqiniso liwukuthi abalimi abanolwazi baneluleke ukupheka ngaphambi kwalokho ukuthi benze ukutshala kwangempela. Iqiniso liwukuthi insizwa encane kufanele ihlinzekwe ngobuningi bezakhi zomzimba, uyibeke phansi emgodini.
Kodwa ngesikhathi sokutshala, ungqimba lomanyolo kufanele uhlehlise futhi, ngokufanele, uqale ukubola zibe yi-microelements. Ngakho-ke, okungenani amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala amagilebhisi, sitshela imbobo esakhiweni ngobubanzi nobubanzi bamamitha angu-0.8. Ngaphansi kwalo amabhakede amabili omquba ahlanganisiwe, axutshwe nenhlabathi enhle evundile. Omunye ungqimba wehlabathi olungenalutho olufakwe engxenyeni engaphezulu kwe-umquba futhi usele kuze kube sekutshalwe.
I-seedling ingcono kakhulu ithengwe ezindaweni ezikhethekile, okungeke ikunikeze izinga eliphakeme kuphela, kepha futhi i-100% i-varietal shrub. Iqiniso lokuthi alilimazanga futhi alomisiwe lizoboniswa umbala omhlophe wesistimu yayo, kanye nokusika okwehlaza okuphezulu.
Imbewu emva kokuthenga kufanele igcinwe endaweni emanzi, futhi ifakwe emanzini izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokutshala. Futhi kunconyiwe faka izimpande ngezixazululo ezikhethekile izimpande zokukhula kwezimpande ("humate").
Izithombo ngokwazo zifakwa emgodini kuphela kuze kube sezingeni lempande yayo yangaphakathi futhi zihlanganiswe ngokucophelela ngenhlabathi. Ngemuva kokufika, kunamanzi amaningi futhi ahlanganiswe ukwesekwa. Inhlabathi ezungeze isithombo imbozwe imboketshezi, kanti isithombo ngokwayo sihlanganisiwe.
I-inoculation yamagilebhisi ama-cuttings we-Super Extra ezihlukahlukene ezimpandeni zezinye izinhlobo
Le ndlela yokuzalisa amagilebhisi inempumelelo kakhulu, njengoba sishiwo ngenhla. Kodwa ngaphandle kwalokhu, kulula kakhulu. Kulokhu udinga kuphela ukulungisa izinhlobo ze-varietal, nge-2-3 amehlo. Ingxenye engezansi yazo yokugoma okuhle inqunywe kusuka ezinhlangothini ezimbili, kanti ingxenye engaphezulu iqhutshwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhulisa amandla okusika, kutuswa ukuyigcina emanzini ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa.
Isitokisi siyisitshalo esisele ngemuva kokususwa kwesihlahla somvini esidala. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukusika ngisho, kudingeke ukuba kuhlanzwe ngokucophelela, okwenza kube lula.
Ngaphakathi phakathi nendawo kukhona ukuhlukaniswa okungajulile lapho kutholakala khona ukusika. Ukuze udale ukuxhumana okungcono phakathi kwesitoko nesibambo, owokuqala uqiniswe ngendwangu noma ezinye izindlela ezingcono.
Futhi indawo yokugoma iphakanyiswa ukuba igcobe ngobumba obumanzi. Izenzo ezisele zifana ngokuphelele nokutshala isithombo: ukwesekwa, ukuchelela, ukuhlanganisa.
Izincomo zokunakekelwa kwezithelo zamagilebhisi "Super Extra"
- Isihlahla somvini sihlale sidinga umswakama, okuyisisekelo sokwanda kwawo kanye nokwakhiwa kwezithelo zawo. Qinisekisa ukuthi ukuchelela ngaphambi kokuhluma kwezihlahla kanye nokubunjwa kwamaqoqo ukugcina isihlahla kule nkathi enzima. Kubalulekile ukugcina amagilebhisi ngesikhathi sokulala.
- Ngemuva kokunisela ngamunye, kubalulekile ukumboza inhlabathi ezungeze amagilebhisi nge-mulch: ungqimba lwamasentimitha angu-3 we-moss noma i-sawdust emnyama.
- Noma yisiphi isihlahla somvini esidinga umvini sidinga ukondliwa okungeziwe okungakuthuthukisa ukuthela kwawo. Kungcono ukusebenzisa iziqu zemvelo nezamaminerali ezifana ne-potassium, phosphates ne-nitrogen.
- Ukuvuna amagilebhisi kwenziwa njalo ekwindla. Amahlumela ezinhlobonhlobo ezichazwe anciphise amehlo angu-4-8.
- Ebusika, lezi zihlukahlukene zifihlekile, ukuze zingabhekene neqhwa kanye neqhwa elibandayo ebusika.
- Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengokunisela okuphoqelekile, izipulisi zokuvimbela ezihlathini ezivela ezifweni ze-fungal zenziwa.
