Isikhathi sevithamini-izithelo kunazo zonke, yiqiniso, yikwindla. Kodwa iningi lethu lifuna ngempela ukuzithokozisa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngezithelo ezivuthiwe nezithelo ezinomsoco eziletha izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu kwimenyu yethu yansuku zonke.
Ngokwengxenye, lesi sifiso saneliswa yizithelo izitshalo ze-early, ihlobo, isikhathi sokuvuthwa. Enye yejwayelekile (nakuba kungenabo ama-nuances abo) abamele "lo mndeni" pear oryol ubuhle, ukuchaza kabanzi ngalezi zihlukahlukene kulesi sihloko. Akajabulisi nje kuphela ngegama lakhe elihle, kodwa futhi ngezimfanelo eziningana kakhulu zabathengi.
Uhlobo luni lwamapheya alubhekisela?
Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, "Oryol Beauty" - izihlobo zasehlobo. Bayibeka kulesi sigaba ngoba izithelo zawo uvuthwe engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Agasti.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isikhathi somthengi, lapho amapayipi angagcinwa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa izimfanelo zabo zokuhweba nokunambitheka, kuvame ukugcina amasonto amabili.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinga elichazwe ngokunembile lihlelwe ngokuhambisana nemigomo efinyelelwe esifundeni se-Oryol - "ngibhekisela" kule peyari.
Imigomo yokuvuthwa kwezithelo zayo ingalungiswa ngendlela eyodwa noma enye, kuye ngokuthi isifunda sokulima.
Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuhlukahluka kudonsela ukunakwa ikakhulukazi kulabo balimi abangafuni ukulinda izivuno zepeyinti zokuvuna. Noma kunjalo, kusukela ezinhlobonhlobo zasehlobo nasehlobo zakuqala zasehlobo "Oryol Beauty" ihluke kakhulu ngezikhathi ezinde zokugcina ikhwalithi.
Esinye isici sohlobo oluchazwe ukukhula kwakhe okuvamile. Lesi sigaba sikhombisa iminyaka yokuqala kwesihlahla esivamile, kanti ukuqala kungumnyaka wokufakelwa komanyolo, hhayi isikhathi sokutshala imbewu (umuthi otshalwe ungaba unyaka owodwa ubudala, noma mhlawumbe uneminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala). "U-Oryol ubuhle" uqala ukuthela izithelo iminyaka engu-5-7 yokuphila kwayo.
Izinhlobo zama-pear zasehlobo zihlanganisa: Rogneda, Duchess, Chizhovskaya, Severyanka noLel.
Umlando wokuzala kanye nezifunda zokuzalanisa
Ukuhlukahluka okuphelele kwadalwa ngesisekelo se-All-Russian Research Institute for Breeding Fruit Crops (Isifunda sase-Oryol).
Lesi sikhungo siyaziwa kakhulu eRussia nangaphezu kwemingcele yayo ukwenza izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuncintisana ezithembisayo zezitshalo ezingakhula ngokuphumelelayo ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obunamuhla obujulile.
Unyaka ka-1977 uthathwa njengonyaka wokuzalwa kwe-Oryol Beauty.
Ithimba labososayensi-abalimi babesebenza ngepeya entsha: E. Sedov (umholi weqembu, udokotela wezolimo zezolimo, umfundisi we-Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences), uN. Krasova, A. Kuznetsova.
Okwamanje, "i-Oryol Beauty" ihlukile kulowo ohamba naye oqukethe Izakhi zofuzo yizinhlobonhlobo ze-European pear.
Ngokushesha ngemva kokuphela kokukhethwa, lo mdlalo wangena kwiRejista ye-State Varietal. Njengamanje, leli peyari libhekiswe ikakhulukazi emapulazini angadini Isizinda seNkatha Yomhlaba Omnyama weRussia.
"Ubuhle be-Oryol" bungatshalwa kwezinye izindawo, kodwa abadali bayo abaqinisekisi imingcele eyenziwe ngesikhathi sokukhethwa kwayo kwe-Oryol.
Lolu hlobo lwepeyari lunconywa abalobi balo bokulima (ngokuvumelana nazo zonke izimo ezidingekayo ze-agrotechnical) ezindizeni ezinkulu ezinkulu nezimboni zasemakhaya.
Kulezi zifunda, izinhlobo zamapheya njengeCathhedral, Krasnobokaya, Elena, Vernaya neVictoria zikhulile ngempumelelo.
Incazelo izinhlobo Orlovskaya ubuhle
I-Pear Orlovskaya ubuhle inezici ezilandelayo zangaphandle nezakhi:
Isihlahla
Lezi zihlukahlukene zibizwa isitshalo esineziqhamo eziqinile. Ukuphakama komuntu omdala kungafinyelela uphawu. kumamitha angu-11-13. Amagxolo phezu kwesihlahla somuthi ubushelelezi, anombala ompunga.
Krone, amagatsha. Isiko sibonakala ngomqhele omkhulu wamahlamvu omumo wesimo se-pyramidal. Ngokuvamile likhula kakhulu kangangokuthi kunzima kakhulu ukulinganisela usayizi walo emingceleni elinganiselayo ngisho nezihlahla ezijulile.
Amagatsha amacembe omqhele akhula esuka esihlahleni endaweni elula kakhulu. Amagatsha amakhulu aphezulu.
Amahlumela. Ukungafani kwezihlumela ezibuthakathaka kakhulu yi-curvature yabo enkulu. Eziqongweni zamahlumela abhalisiwe abaphakathi kwe-pubescence. Isigaba senyuke, ukulungiswa okuhleliwe. Umbala ovelele wamahlumela unombala omnyama noma omnyama.
Kulezi zakhiwo kwakhiwe amafihlethi ngezintambo eziqubukisayo kanye nesibhakabhaka. I-Chechevichki ithulwe ngobuningi obukhulu. Isitshalo esiyinhloko se-fruiting sinikezwa yizinyosi ezilula neziyinkimbinkimbi.
Amahlamvu. Uhluke kakhulu ngobukhulu obukhulu kakhulu nokuphakama, isilwane se-ellipsoid. Ipuleti leshidi liyinto encane.
I-top spiral yephepha elijwayelekile likhishwa ngendwangu encane, ekhonjiwe. Emaphethelweni kukhona ukuvinjelwa okulinganiselayo. Smooth, nge-gloss ephawulekayo eshicilelwe ngemibala emnyama eluhlaza. Iqabunga ngalinye liqhutshelwa egatsheni nge-stem eside.
I-Inflorescences. Izimbali zivela ehlathini elihle elibushelelezi lobunjwa be-conical. Imbali ejwayelekile iphakathi noma enkulu, imhlophe imbala, i-terry encane emagumbini alungile.
Izithelo
Ziyabonakala isisindo sesilinganiso nobukhulu obujwayelekile. Izithelo ezivame ukuvuthwa ngokubanzi, izintambo ezincane isilinganiselwa ngo-150 g.
Emahloni, emangalisa, enomzwelo omuncu, i-peel ngesikhathi sokususwa kwesithelo esihlahleni sinombala ohlaza, kodwa ukufeza umthengi ukuvuthwa kuyothola umbala ophuzi obomvu ngethunzi elibomvu noma elibomvu.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo amaphuzu amancane amancane angaphansi komzimba ayabonakala ngokucacile kwi-pear. Ngesikhathi esifanayo inyama imhlophe ngombala obala obala.
Ukuvumelana okunamandla kwalesi peyari kuvezwe yi-grit emihle kakhulu.
Ngaphakathi kwezithelo, ezinkomeni ezincane zembewu kukhona imbewu ephakathi. Izithelo zigcinwa esihlahleni ezinomzimba obuningi, obuningi, obunamapulangwe.
Isithombe
Izici
Enye yezimfanelo zezinhlobo zithokoze izithelo eziphezulu. Kakade esemncane, izihlahla ze-"Orlovskaya ubuhle" ezihlukahlukene zihlinzekwa umlimi ngamunye ngonyaka ngokwesilinganiso, kuze kube ngu-cent cent cent hectare.
Kumele kuqaphele ukuthi isivuno esifanayo, izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni eziphakathi kwamapheya zifinyelela ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwazo izithelo. Isiko esichazwe, sibe umuthi omdala, sibonisa isilinganiso sokuvuna sika-35-40 kg ngesinye isikhathi, noma cishe abangaba ngu-160-200 phakathi kwehektare.
Izitshalo eziphezulu zikhonjisiwe: Yakovlevskaya, Svetlyanka, Bere Bosk, Talgar ubuhle neBere Russkaya.
Noma kunjalo, amanani aphezulu anjalo awahlali njalo. Ukuze kutholakale isivuno esiphezulu nesithelo esihle sezithelo, akudingeki ukuba nje uhambisane nazo zonke izidingo namazinga agrotechnical. Ngezindlela eziningi, kufanele sithembele enhlanhleni, okungukuthi, ezimweni ezihambisana nesimo sezulu.
Iqiniso liwukuthi la mapeya athola ukunambitheka kwabo okuhle, uma phakathi nokuguga kwabo kufudumele, isimo sezulu esimanzi. Khona-ke izithelo ziba mnandi kakhulu, ziphunga futhi zinomnandi kakhulu.
Kodwa uma ihlobo liba lipholile, lingenamvula, khona-ke izithelo ze-"Oryol beauty" zingase zilahlekelwe yi-juiciness yazo, zibe yomile, zingabi mnandi futhi zibe mnandi ukunambitha.
Ukwakhiwa kwesithelo kubandakanya amakhemikhali anjalo:
| Ukwakhiwa | Inombolo |
|---|---|
| I-Sahara | 9,3% |
| I-acid titrated | 0,21% |
| Izinto ezisebenza nge-P | 24.3 mg / 100 g |
| I-ascorbic acid | 3.8 mg / 100 g |
Enye ubuhle obalulekile balezi ezihlukahlukene yiyo ubumnandi obubusika obuhle. Izivivinyo zibonise ukuthi ngisho namaqhwa amaqabunga kakhulu kuya ku -35 ° C angabangeli isitshalo noma yimuphi umonakalo omkhulu.
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zihlukaniswa yiqhwa ukumelana: Extravaganza, Uralochka, Tyoma, Larinskaya nePerun.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
"Oryol Beauty" ikhula kahle phezu kwenhlabathi e-loamy. Ukuze uthole ukuphila okunethezeka, kunconywa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi ihlale igcwele.
Esinye isidingo esibalulekile somhlabathi - kufanele sibe semanzi ngokwanele.
Inhlabathi eyomile, lapho uhlelo lwempande eliphakathi kwe-pear luqala khona, luthinte kabi ukunambitheka kwezithelo zalo.
Ngakho-ke, umgadi wensimu kufanele agcine lokhu engqondweni futhi ahlele hydration eyanele futhi ejwayelekile yesayithi lokufika.
Ngokuqondene nezinye izidingo zesakhiwo segadi, lapho kuhloswe khona ukutshala imbewu yalolu hlobo, cishe akufani neze nezimfuneko zokutshala ezinye izinhlobo zamapheya.
Beka kufanele ukukhanya kahle ilangeni futhi ube yingxenye enokuthula, engenamandla engadini.
Ukufika kuvame ukusebenza ngo-Ephreli. Ngaphansi kokumba umquba umgodi ongu-1 m ubude no-65-70 cm ububanzi. Uma ukutshala umuthi akufanele kungcwatshwe - ngenhla kwezinga lomhlabathi intamo yentamo kufanele ihlulwe ngo-6-7 cm.
Amagatsha angadliwa ngaphambi kokutshala - Lokhu kuzovumela umqhele wesikhathi esizayo ukuba uhlele ngendlela efanele. Kulokhu, akukho cala ngeke sikwazi ukusika izimpande. Kudingekile ukuqonda: uma izimpande ezengeziwe ziba nesithombo, ngokushesha futhi kungcono kuzothatha izimpande endaweni entsha.
Ngaphambi kokutshala lesi sitshalo, ama-humus (humus), i-ammonium nitrate (80 g), i-potassium sulphate (150 g), noma i-superphosphate (1 kg), noma i-ash ash (700-800 g) kufanele ifakwe emgodini wokutshala.
Ngemva kokusungula ipulazi emgodini bese usakazeka ngokukhululekile izimpande kuyo, bagcwalisa uhlelo lwempande ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi ekhishwe ngesikhathi sokumba umgodi, kanye nesihlabathi kanye nomanyolo.
Emva kwalokhu, kwakha umbuthano oseduze. Umngcele wembuthano wenza i-radial clay shaft 2-3 cm high, ebanjwe irejista ka 35-40 cm
Kulo mgodi ngaleyo ndlela wadalwa 2-3 amabhakede wamanzi abandayo abandayo achitheka. Indawo yokunisela ekupheleni kokutshala ihlanganiswe ne-humus eyomile ne-sawdust.
Ukunakekelwa kokutshala okufanele kudinga ukuphuziswa kwesihlahla njalo (lokhu kuhlukahluka, lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu), kukhulula umhlabathi, umanyolo, ukuvikelwa okuphelele ngesikhathi esifanele kanye neziphetho.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Ukuhlukahluka "Ubuhle be-Oryol" bubonisa ukumelana okukhulu //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html amahlamvu kanye nezithelo.
Ngokwezibalo zokubheka, ngisho nangesikhathi sokusabalala kwezifo zalesi sifo, umonakalo wesikhumba ezitshalweni zawo wawungaphansi kuka-0.2 amaphuzu, futhi amaqabunga - angabi ngaphezu kuka-1.1 amaphuzu.
Ukuzalanisa ngempumelelo leli peyari kudinga kumgadi wensimu ukuthi kunakekelwe kakhulu "ama-whims" wesitshalo nomsebenzi omningi.
Kodwa-ke, ukunambitheka okumangalisayo kwezithelo zawo kanye nezivuno ezimangalisayo ngaphezu kokukhokhela yonke imizamo yabantu.
