I-Blackcurrant: umlando wokutshala kanye nezigaba zobuchwepheshe bezolimo besiko

Akuve kumnandi ehlobo ukujabulela izithelo ezinephunga elimuncu elimnandi le-currant emnyama! Izikhala ezingenabusika ezivela kulo zimnandi nje futhi zihlukahlukene. Ijamu kanye namajamu kulungiswa kusuka amajikijolo, izithelo ezidliwayo kanye namajusi kuphekwe, zingomiswa futhi zifrwe. I-Currant ayimnandi nje, ilusizo kakhulu, iqukethe amanani we-champoric ascorbic acid. Amajikijolo adliwe angamashumi amathathu anelisa isidingo somzimba sansuku zonke sevithamini C. Macro nama-microelements, inani elikhulu lamanye amavithamini kanye nama-asidi adingwa ngumzimba wethu, akhona izithelo ezikhona.

Kukhula kanjani isihlahla esimnyama

I-Blackcurrant isihlahla sawohlo somndeni womndeni ka-gooseberry. Izici zayo eziphambili:

• ukuphakama kwesihlahla - 1-2 m;

  

  Isihlahla esimnyama sinobude obungaphezu kwamamitha ukuphakama

• uhlelo lwezimpande luqukethe izimpande ze-fibrous ezitholakala ekujuleni okungaba ngu-30 cm;
• amahlumela ama-currant akhanya okokuqala futhi ama-pubescent, bese ethola umbala onsundu;
• imiphetho yamaqabunga ineenothi. Ubude nobubanzi beshidi buyi-3-12 cm, ukwakheka kungumthamo onxantathu, ingxenye ephakathi yepuleti leshidi iyaphakama. Imithambo yegolide itholakala emithanjeni yamaqabunga, okuwumthombo wephunga elaziwayo;
  

  I-Currant ishiya ubude obuyi-3-5 cm futhi ububanzi, enemiphetho eyenziwe ngamaphayiphu, amathathu-nanhlanu-anwebekile ngezindlala zegolide eceleni kwemithambo

• a blob shrub ngenyanga yokugcina yentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo ngama-inflorescences wezimbali eziningana (aze afike ku-10) zephunga elimnyama elimpunga;
  

  Izimbali ezingama-currant - ezimise bell, lilac noma pinkish-grey

• I-peel yezithelo ezivuthiwe iblue-black. Ubukhulu bamajikijolo bufika kububanzi obuyi-1 cm.

  

  Izithelo ze-currant emnyama enobubanzi obungafika ku-1 cm zinesikhumba esimnyama esicwebezelayo

Umlando wokutshala izilimo

Ama-currant abelokhu ekhula emazweni ethu amakhulu amaningi eminyaka. Ekuqaleni, lokhu kuyisihlahla sasendle, esivame kakhulu kwezimo sezulu ezipholile futhi esibandayo. Kuze kube manje, eCaucasus, eSiberia, ikakhulukazi eMpumalanga, engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia kukhona izihlahlana zamabibi amnyama. Kukholakala ukuthi igama lokuqala loMfula iMoscow - iSmorodinovka, walinikwa ngenxa yamathanga alesi sihlahlana esiseduze namabhange. Futhi igama elithi "currant" linemvelaphi yaseRussia ngempela: "ukuthuka" - "ukukhipha iphunga elinamandla."

Igama elisemthethweni le-currant yi-Ribes. Ngekhulu le-VIII, ama-Arabhu anqoba iSpain awatholanga phakathi kwezimbali zasendaweni isitshalo asithandayo - i-rhubarb, ngaphandle kwalokho ukudla kwakubonakala kungathandeki kubo. I-rhubarb yathathelwa indawo nge-berry ebomvu enambitheka okumnandi okumuncu (i-currant ebomvu), abaqala ukuyibiza, njenge-rhubarb - i-ribas.

E-Russia yasendulo (cishe ngekhulu le-XI), ama-currant aqala ukufakelwa esuka emahlathini aya ezingadini zamakhosi nezindela, ukuze ahlukanise umsoco wawo ngamajikijolo.

Ama-currants ayetshalwe kuzo zonke izindlu zezindela futhi zidliwe yizindela ukuthola ukudla, kanye nezinjongo zokwelapha. Ngakho-ke, elinye igama elaziwayo lama-currants yi-berry yezindela.

Ukutshala ama-currants kwaqala eFrance njengesitshalo sokwelapha, ngokukhetha kwanikezwa ama-currants abomvu, futhi kuphela lapho-ke kwanakwa abamnyama. Ama-currants aqongelela inani elikhulu kakhulu lezakhi zomzimba elangeni kodwa hhayi elishisayo.

Amajikijolo aqala ukusetshenziswa ngemuva kwesikhathi. I-Currant isengumkhiqizo wase-Yurobhu, esimweni esifanele saseNyakatho Melika, ama-berry awabanzi.

Izigaba zobuchwepheshe bezolimo be-currant emnyama

Izigaba eziphambili zobuchwepheshe bezolimo be-currant emnyama zisezingeni ngokuphelele:

1. Ukufakelwa
2. Ukunakekela izitshalo.
3. Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane.
4. Ukuvuna.

Ukutshala i-currant

Ukutshala i-blackcurrant kungenziwa ngezithombo nokusika.

Ukulungiselela izithombo

Lapho ukhetha isithombo, okokuqala kudingeka ukunaka ikhwalithi yohlelo lwezimpande. Kufanele ibe namandla, ibe nempilo futhi inomswakama. AmaSaplings akhuthazelela kalula ukuthobeka okuncane ngaphambi kokutshala (inyanga ngaphandle kwekhwalithi yokuyekethisa).

1. Izithombo ezilungiselelwe kufanele zingcwatshwe endaweni enomthunzi.
2. Kungcono ukulungiselela umgodi we-prikop onomthambeka oseningizimu (umngcele osenyakatho womgodi ungaphezu komhlaba, kuthi ongaseningizimu u-45 °), kufanele ube ongashonile (50 cm), uphakeme.
   

   Udonga oluseningizimu lomgodi wethayile luthambekele

3. Isithombo emgodini sibekwa engela, hhayi kuphela uhlelo lwezimpande, kodwa futhi ingxenye yamahlumela embozwe umhlaba.
4. Ukunisela kuyaqhubeka.

Ukulungiselela kanye nengcambu ye-cuttings

Ukusakazeka ngokusikeka kuyindlela elula yokuzalela ama-currants. Ukufiswa kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwekwindla.

1. Kwabasiki, ihlumela likhethiwe alikho lincane kuno-5 mm ububanzi.
2. Ingxenye ye-apical yehlumela ayisetshenziswa. Konke okunye kuhlukaniswe kube yizicucu ezingaba ngu-15 cm ubude.
   

   Amahlumela akhethiwe ahlukaniswe ama-cutways kube yi-15 cm ubude

3. Ukusikwa okungenhla kwesibambo kufanele kube kuqonde, kutholakala kude ne-1.5 cm ngaphezu kwezinso, futhi phansi kufanele kube-oblique futhi kutholakala ngaphansi kwezinso.
4. Izilimo zitshalwa emhlabathini olungiselelwe. Kutshalwe ngokungacabangi emigqeni enebanga phakathi kwezitshalo eziyi-15 cm ngokulandelana kanye no-40 cm phakathi kwemigqa.
5. Khiqiza ukuthambisa.
6. Uma unakekela izitshalo ehlobo (amanzi, ukondla, ukhulula inhlabathi, ususe ukhula) khona-ke ekwindla uzothola izihlahla ezincane eziqinile ze-currant emnyama, ezingadluliselwa endaweni yaphakade.

Isikhathi sokufika

Isikhathi esihle sokutshala ama-currants nguSepthemba - u-Okthoba, ukuze isitshalo sibe nesikhathi esanele sokukhula kwezimpawu. Entwasahlobo, kungcono ukutshala ngaphambi kokugeleza kwe-sap.

Ukukhetha isiza

Lapho ukhetha isiza sokutshala ama-currants amnyama, aqondiswa yilezi zidingo ezilandelayo:

• i-shrub ikhula kahle zombili ezigabeni ngazinye nasemigqeni phakathi kwezihlahla zezithelo;
• i-blackcurrant ibekezelela kalula umthunzi omncane;
• izindawo eziphansi ezinamanzi, kanye nezindawo ezivulekile kufanele kugwenywe;
• emthambekeni osenyakatho nasenyakatho nasempumalanga akhululekile kulesi sitshalo.

Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi nokutshala izithombo

Ukutshala ngempumelelo i-blackcurrant, kufanele:

1. Bamba inhlabathi ekujuleni kwefosholo le-bayonet, susa izimpande zokhula zisetshenziswa, ngenkuthalo yenhlabathi evundile - iming.
   

   Ukulinganisa kwenziwa ngaphambi kokutshala enhlabathini nge-acidity ephezulu

2. Bumba izimbobo (50x50x50 cm) kude ne-1.5 m ukusuka komunye kuya ku-2-2,5 m phakathi kwamarowu.
3. Gcwalisa iningi lomgodi wokutshala ungqimba olungaphezulu lomhlabathi, umquba obolile (uhhafu webhakede) nomlotha (ingilazi engu-1).
4. Faka i-seedling nge-angle of degrees ayi-45, uthele, umboze ngenhlabathi nange-mulch.
   

   Isithombo sibekwa engela ka-45 °
5. Nquma phezulu amahlumela.
   

   Ngemuva kokutshala, i-seedling kumele inqunywe

Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo

Ukunakekelwa kwe-Blackcurrant kuyinto ejwayelekile: ukususwa kokhula, ukutshalwa kwezindawo eziseduze nesiqu, ukunisela nokugqoka okuphezulu. Izikhathi ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisithupha ngesikhathi sasehlobo, inhlabathi embuthanweni osondelene nesiqu kufanele idedelwe. Ukulima okuphoqelekile kufanele kwenziwe entwasahlobo nangemva kokuvuna. Ukuchelela kwenziwa ngemvula enganele ngesikhathi sokukhula, amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuvunwa kanye namaviki amabili kuya amathathu emva kokuvuna amajikijolo. Ekwindla, inhlabathi eduzane nezihlahla iyambiwa, izinto eziphilayo zivaliwe embuthanweni wesiqu. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa kaningi ngesikhathi sehlobo kusetshenziswa umanyolo we-organic, i-ammonium nitrate, umlotha wezinkuni ne-superphosphate.

Isici sokunakekela ama-blackcurrant bush ukuthenwa (ukuhlanzeka nokwakha). Ngaphandle kwabo, awukwazi ukuthola isivuno esihle sama-currants. Ukuthenwa kwenhlanzeko kususa amagatsha amadala, omisiwe, anezifo. Ukwenza izihlahla kukuvumela ukuthi wakhe isihlahla esinenhlabathi ebanzi. Kusukela ngonyaka wokuqala, amahlumela amancanyana enkabeni yesihlahla futhi ashiye lawo asemanceleni anamandla.

Kubalulekile ukuba ususe wonke amagatsha amadala kuneminyaka engama-5-6 ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwawo okuphansi. Ukufingqa iziqongo zamahlumela zaminyaka yonke kunikeza umphumela omuhle: bagatsha kakhulu, isibalo sezimbali eziqhakazayo senyuka kubo.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Isihlahla se-currant sibekezelela ubusika obubandayo impela, izinguquko zokushisa, namanye ama-vagaries wesimo sezulu. Kepha imiphumela yokushaqeka yizifo eziyingozi kuma-blackcurrant futhi kuholele ekwehleni kwesivuno noma ukufa kwesitshalo.

Igalari yezithombe: izifo eziphambili ze-blackcurrant

Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingama-70 zezinambuzane ezifaka usongo kuma-currants.

Igalari yezithombe: izinambuzane eziphambili ze-blackcurrant

Ukuze uvikele ukusakazeka kwezifo nezinambuzane, kufanele wazi izimpawu zomonakalo, izindlela zokwelashwa nokulahlwa. Ukuvimbela, udinga ukuhlola ngokucophelela isitshalo ukuthola izilonda, ushise amaqabunga awile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukususa izingxenye ezonakele zesitshalo ngesikhathi, ngesikhathi esifanele nangendlela efanelekile.

Ukuvuna

I-Currant iqala ukuthela izithelo iminyaka engama-2-3 ngemuva kokutshala. Ukuvunwa kwenziwa lapho amajikijolo avuthwa kubhulashi, okungukuthi, ngezigaba eziningana. Ukuvuna kungaba njengamajikijolo ngamanye noma amabhulashi wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ukuvuna ngamabhulashi, amajikijolo agcinwa kangcono.

Ukuvunwa ama-currants kwenziwa kangcono kulezi ziqukathi lapho kulindelwe khona isitoreji. Lapho ukuthulula amajikijolo kugcwala bese kulondolozwe okubi kakhulu.

Ividiyo: U-Oktyabrina Ganichkina ezimfihlo zokuvunwa okuhle kwe-currant emnyama

Ukusakazeka kwe-Blackcurrant

Indlela esheshayo nethembekile yokusakaza i-blackcurrant ukusikwa.

Enye indlela elula yokuzalanisa ama-currants ukusakazeka ngokugoqa. Kulokhu, kufanele:

1. Entwasahlobo, ngasohlangothini lwesitshalo, khetha igatsha elinamandla leminyaka emibili.
2. Beka ingxenye yayo ephakathi emgodini olungiselelwe ngokujula okungaba ngu-10 cm, ushiye ingxenye yegatsha ibe ngu-30 cm ubude ngaphezu komhlaba.
   

   Ekusakazeni ngokuhlelwa, khetha igatsha elinamandla leminyaka emibili

3. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, kuzovela uhlelo olunamandla lwezimpande kuloluhlaka, amahlumela ambalwa azovela.
4. Sele ekwindla, izendlalelo zizokudlulisa kahle ukwahlukanisa kusuka ehlathini lomzali kanye nokufakelwa endaweni eyiyo.

I-Blackcurrant ingasakazwa ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla.

1. Isihlahla simbiwe ngokucophelela, sizama ukungalimazi uhlelo lwezimpande.
2. Bese uthathe izingxenye eziningana.
   

   Lapho uhlukanisa isihlahla, kubalulekile ukuthi ungalimazi uhlelo lwezimpande

3. Amagatsha amadala nanokugula ayasuswa, futhi amahlumela amasha ayafinyezwa.
4. Kutalwe emigodini ephekiwe futhi iniselwa kakhulu.
5. Isitshalo esinjalo sithela izithelo ngonyaka.

Isitembu Esimnyama

Uhlobo lwesiqu se-blackcurrant luya ngokuya lithandwa ngabalimi bama-amateur. Kusetshenziselwa hhayi kuphela ukuvuna, kodwa futhi nokuhlobisa i-cottage ehlobo.

Isitembu iyingxenye yesiqu sesihlahla kusuka ezimpandeni kuya komqhele.

Isichazamazwi esikhulu sokuchazwa kolimi lwesiRussia

Izinzuzo zokukhula okujwayelekile:

• isivuno se-currant kulula kakhulu ukusivuna, ngoba wonke umqhele wesitshalo usezingeni lamehlo;
• amagatsha asebangeni elikhulu impela ukusuka emhlabathini, ngakho-ke lesi sitshalo asithathwa kalula yizifo futhi sihlaselwa izinambuzane zobusika;
  

  Ukulima isitembu kunezinzuzo eziningi, kufaka phakathi lula ukuvuna nokunakekela izitshalo, kanye nokuvikelwa kwezinambuzane ezingcono

• amahlumela awaphazamisi ukulinywa kwenhlabathi kusiyingi esiseduze kwesitebele;
• Izitshalo ezifana no-anyanisi, ugalikhi, kanye ne-wort yaseSt. Zinezakhiwo ze-phytoncidal, zingaphindisela izinambuzane.

Isigaxa sokukhula okujwayelekile:

• isitshalo sidinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe ukwakha;
• i-currant ejwayelekile ingahlushwa imimoya enamandla, ngoba izophakama kakhulu kunesihlahla esivamile;
• lesi sitshalo sithinteka kakhulu ekusongelweni kwamafrimu entwasahlobo kanye namaqhwa asebusika.

Izindlela zokuthola izitshalo esiqwini:

1. Ukugoma okwedlule. Isitoko esifanele i-blackcurrant singaba yigolide egolide. Le ndlela ivumela ukuthola izitshalo ezijwayelekile ezijwayelekile futhi ayidingi izindleko ezinkulu zomzimba.
2. Ukwakhiwa kwesitshalo esiqwini esisodwa.

Umphumela wemizamo yokwakha ifomu elilinganisiwe le-currant uzoba isihlahla esizonikeza isiza sakho ukubukeka okungajwayelekile

Ukwakheka kwenqubo evamile ye-blackcurrant kwisiqu esisodwa kungokulandelayo:

1. Ngo-Agasti, ihlumela elikhulu lasehlobo litshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo bese uphina phezulu.
2. Ngonyaka olandelayo udinga ukuphina izingqimba zazo zonke amahlumela abonakale esemqoka.
3. Qiniseka ukuthi ususa amahlamvu, izinqubo ze-basal kanye namahlumela ngaphansi komugqa osunguliwe wesiqu.
4. Ngonyaka wesithathu, izihloko zehlumela ngalinye elihlumile ziyabhalwa phansi bese ihlumela lezimpande lisuswa futhi.
   

   Ukwakheka kwendlela ejwayelekile yama-currants amnyama nabomvu kuyefana

5. Ngaphezu kokuncwina eziqongweni, ngonyaka wesine kubalulekile ukususa amagatsha asebekhulile.
6. Inqubo yokuncinza izingqimba nokususa amagatsha amadala kufanele iphindwe minyaka yonke.

Ngakho-ke, esikhundleni sesihlahla esivamile, kuzokwakhiwa isihlahla esine-currant.

Sekungamakhulu eminyaka, i-blackcurrant ibiyindlovukazi yezingadi. Futhi lokhu akuzange kunqunywe ngenani lokunakwa okudingeka kunikezwe isiko, kodwa ngezinzuzo ezitholakele. Masiqhubeke namasiko futhi sibe nentshisekelo yokusondela ekutshaleni kweparele elimnyama lezingadi zethu!