Kukhula kanjani izinsuku, zibukeka kanjani izintende zezinsuku

I-Date Palm - isivuno sezithelo esibalulekile, esisetshenziswa ngumuntu njengomkhiqizo wokudla osezingeni eliphakeme, izithelo ezomile ziyathengiswa. Ukubona ukuthi izinsuku zikhula kanjani futhi ngonyaka ziletha isivuno esanele sama-60-80 kg wezithelo kuyo yonke inkathi yokuthuthukiswa kweminyaka engama-60-80, kuzokwenzeka ngendalo yemvelo. Izithelo ngonyaka 4 lokukhula.

Kukhula kanjani izinsuku

Endle, izinsuku zingakhula ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni.

Usuku lwesundu endle

Isitshalo sikhula ngokushesha ezimweni zezulu ezishisayo, ogwadule lwamazwe afudumele.

Kukuphi amazwe

Imvelo yemvelo yokuthuthuka kanye nokwenza kahle kwezinsuku yiNyakatho Afrika kanye namazwe ase-Middle East. Abahlali baseSaudi Arabia yanamuhla, eTunisia, eMorocco naseGibhithe iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyisithupha bahlakulela izitshalo zomndeni wasePalm. Ngasikhathi sinye, amaNdiya aphikisana nezimangalo zabantu base-Afrika, maqondana nokhokho babo njengamaphayona kulinywa kwezinsuku.

Uhlu olusesikhathini lwamazwe lapho kukhula khona amasundu kufaka phakathi i-Iraq, iBahrain, i-Algeria, i-Iran, i-United Arab Emirates, iTunisia kanye neSyria. Izihlahla zesundu zitholakala e-USA, Egypt, California, Mexico nase Australia. Umholi ohlala njalo wokukhipha izinsuku ezikhulwe emazweni abo yiSaudi Arabia.

Ukusakazeka Kwasendle

Izihlahla zesundu zinezimpande zesihlabathi, ubumba kanye nenhlabathi esindayo ngosawoti olinganiselayo. Izitshalo zimelana nesikhathi eside sesomiso, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zidinga ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okuzinzile. Isidingo sihlangabezana kalula nokuchitheka kwemifula ngezikhathi ezithile kanye namanzi aphansi komhlaba.

Izinsuku ziphindaphindeka ngokunenzalo. Igcotshwe ngumoya. Kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-200 ukuba izithelo zivuthwe. Ukuthi izinsuku ezivuthiwe esihlahleni zibukeka kanjani - ukuthungwa kwezinsuku ezinzima ezisanda kuthathwa komile futhi kuqinile, kunombala onsundu.

Lapho kukhula khona izinsuku eRussia

Izihlahlana zosuku zidinga isimo sezulu esinomswakama sokukhula nezithelo. Ezifundeni ezingaphansi kweTranscaucasia, kanye nezindawo ezingaphansi kwe-Iran, isikhathi sasehlobo siyindabuko futhi siyomile. Ebusika, izivunguvungu zaseMedithera zidlula zisuka ohlangothini olusenyakatho, kanye nezase-Iranian eningizimu-mpumalanga. Ukukhula kwezinsuku zezintaba eningizimu yezintaba zaseCaucasus kunikeza imiphumela emihle.

Ukutshala emazweni e-USSR yangaphambili

Esikhathini se-Post-Soviet, izivivinyo eziningi zenziwa ekuvuseleleni izinsuku zesundu e-USSR. Kodwa-ke, ukukhula okuphumelelayo nokwenziwa kahle kwezihlahla zesundu kwaphawulwa ezindaweni ezingaphansi ezomile zaseTurkmenistan eseningizimu. Ubuningi bezithelo eziseKazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan naseKyrgyzstan zithunyelwa emazweni aseningizimu. E-Black Sea subtropics, izihlahla zesundu zikhula buthaka futhi zife ngokushesha ngaphansi kwezimo zomswakama omkhulu.

Izinsuku zaseCanary zimelana kakhulu nokujumbana ngokweqile; kukhula kabanzi njengesihlahla somhlobiso eKrasnodar Territory, Abkhazia naseGeorgia.

Ukuvula izinsuku ku-Adler

Izimo ezihlukanisiwe zezihlahla zesundu zaseCanary zikhula eningizimu yeCrimea naseAzerbaijan (Baku, Lankaran). Ukutshala izintende zezinsuku ezindaweni ezivulekile zase-Ukraine akuphumelelanga, noma kunendawo yokuhlala yasebusika.

Incazelo yezithelo zesundu zezinsuku

Ekhaya, isiko lakudala lakudala likhula esiqwini esikhungweni esingafika ku-2,5 m ukuphakama, amagxolo esundu embozwe ngezinsalela zeperethi. Ekuthuthukisweni okugcwele komqhele, amadethi afakwa ngezikhathi ezithile ekukhombeni. Amaqabunga ezitshalo aluhlaza okotshani, wepinize, aze afike ku-2-6 m ubude, akhothwe yi-arc. Unyaka esihlahleni sesundu ihluma ibe ngamaqabunga amasha ayishumi nambili.

Izihlahla ezincane zesundu emvelweni zidala amaqhubu aminyene angenakungeneka anamaqabunga prickly, aqinile futhi anamathela ezindaweni ezihlukile. I-inflorescence - ifinyelela kumitha ubude, ngezindlebe zabesilisa nabesifazane. I-calyx yezimbali incane, inombala ophuzi, ukwakheka kwenkomishi. Kuma-inflorescence, ama-3 ama-petals.

Izinsuku zokuvula

Izinhlobo zezidalwa zabesilisa zifakwe ama-stamens ayi-6, izinhlobo zezinsikazi zifakwe ama-pestle ama-3 nama-stamens ayi-6 aguquliwe. Isibalo sezimbali ezi-stamen sifinyelela ku-12,000, izinkomishi zempova ziqoqwa kuma-inflorescence ama-6-9, izimbali zepistil (sowesifazane) ezingama-2500 ezitheni zezinombolo zezinombolo - izinsuku. Izinsuku kwifomu yesihlahla 100-250 kg amajikijolo angu-2,5-5 cm ngosayizi.

Ungaziqoqa kanjani izinsuku

Inqwaba yezinsuku iqoqwa ngokusika lonke iqembu elinezithelo. ENyakatho ne-Afrika, lapho kuvela khona izihlahla zesundu, abakhiqizi bezithelo, besebenzisa izinduku noma izintambo ezigqamile, benyuka isundu bese besika iziqu, behlisela ngokucophelela amagatsha kubasizi abaphansi.

Izakhamizi zaseCalifornia naseSaudi Arabia, lapho izintende zezinsuku zikhula khona emasimini okwenziwa ngawo, zivuna kusetshenziswa izindlela ezenziwe ngomshini: ukuvuna imishi, izitebhisi ezingabuyiselwa emuva, nezindawo zokuhamba. Isikhathi sokuvuna siqala ngo-Agasti kuya kuNovemba.

Canary Usuku Palm

Yonke imihla esiqeshini esisodwa namagatsha esihlahleni sesundu uvuthwe ngezikhathi ezihlukile, kufanele ubuyele kusitshalo esifanayo siphindaphindeka.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zezintende zezinsuku

Imiphi imihla ebheka izigaba ezahlukahlukene zokuvuthwa:

• UKimri Emavikini ayi-17 ngemuva kokuvunda, amajikijolo amhlophe aphenduka aluhlaza, athole isivinini ngokushesha futhi aqukethe umswakama ongama-85% Ukunambitheka kumunyu futhi kuyabila, ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-tannins.
• UKhalal Amaviki angaphezu kwayi-6, ama-tropicians abuke isikhathi sokuvuthwa sikhula, bese evuna isivuno sokuqala sezithelo ezibomvu eziphuzi ngokubabayo.
• I-Rutab (Rhutab) - izithelo zivuthwa emavikini angama-5-7 ngemuva kweHalal, amathiphu amnyama, izinga lamanzi lehla laya ku-35%, isisindo sinciphile, isikhumba siqine, inyama iba buthambile noshukela.
• UTamr (Tamer) - izithelo zomile, zibolile futhi zimnyama, zifinyelela ukuvuthwa okugcwele. Umswakama wezinsuku - 20%. Ukulungela ngokuphelele amajikijolo amnandi wokuvunwa kwenzeka emavikini ama-3 ngemuva kweRutaba.

Izinsuku nazo zihlukaniswa ngokuqukethwe komswakama:

• eyomile noma enzima - umswakama 18% (Turi, Zahedi, Simoto);
• i-semi-solid, noma i-semi-soft - 18-23%;
• ithambile - umswakama> 23% (Mazphat, Kabkab, Hasui, Barhi, Anbar, Khadravi, Majkhul).

Izithelo eziqinile zigcinwa iminyaka, kepha zisetshenziswa kakhulu amaBedouins. Izinsuku zibekwa phansi bese zomiswa elangeni noma zingcwatshwe esihlabathini, zandise impilo yeshalofu ibe yiminyaka emi-2.

Izinhlobo ezinzima nezithambile zezinsuku

Amajikijolo acindezelwe asebenza njenge "sinkwa sasogwadule" - "adju". Izinhlobo ezithobile neziqinile ziyathengiswa ngamasethi.

Ungayinakekela kanjani intende yesikhathi ekhaya

Kungenzeka yini ukuthi ukhule kusuka kunzalo

Umuthi wesundu uzokhula ezinyangeni ezingama-5-6, kepha isitshalo esingafani nalutho ngeke sithele izithelo emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni. Isiqu sosuku emvelweni yemvelo sifinyelela ekukhuleni kwe-1 m ngeminyaka emi-4, eminyakeni emithathu ezayo ngemuva kokutshala izoba nendawo eyanele efasiteleni. Isitshalo esingajwayelekile siyoba umhlobiso omuhle kakhulu egumbini lokuhlala, igumbi lokulala noma ekhishini. Futhi kuzosebenza njengesipho esihle ezihlotsheni, kubangane noma kubasebenzi.

Ungakhula kanjani intende yesundu kusuka etsheni

Usuku luzovela ekuthanjeni okungakaze kwenziwe ukwelashwa okushisa, izithelo ezintsha nezithelo ezomisiwe esitolo kuzoba inketho enhle. Imvamisa ngenhloso yokuhlola, abantu banamathela imbewu ebhodweni lezimbali, futhi iyampande. Ekhaya, ihlumela livela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Isikhathi esihle sokutshala isihlahla sesundu nguFebhuwari-Mashi.

Inqubo yokukhulisa izihlahla zesundu ilula, kwanele ukuhambisana nezincomo eziningi:

1. Amathambo kufanele ahlanze futhi agezwe, ukuvimbela inqubo yokubola. Esimweni esesigeziwe, imbewu ivunyelwe ukuba ilale phansi usuku kuze kube isigaba esilandelayo - ofakwe.
2. Ithambo elinzima kakhulu, ukuphenya nge-sandpaper kuzosiza ukusheshisa inqubo yokuhluma, ungayibilisa nangamanzi ashisayo.
   

   Usuku lwesundu egumbini

3. Umphumela omkhulu unikezwa ngokugcwala ngokusebenzisa uboya bekotini. Ibhlokhi yoboya bekotini ihlanganiswa kakhulu namanzi, ibekwe epuletini, ibekwe etsheni, embozwe ngaphezulu ngesendlalelo esengeziwe soboya bekotini obunyisiwe. Enye indlela enhle ngoboya bekotini izoba yi-gauze, sawdust, hydrogel.
4. Ukuze kuhlume, kudingeka ukushisa okukhulu. Isitsha sekotini sibekwa kalula ebhethri. Kuhlala ukulawula nsuku zonke izinga lomswakama, engeza amanzi.
5. Ithambo elivuvukala lilungele ukufakelwa emhlabathini.

Imithetho yokufakelwa kwentende yesundu

Izihlahla zesundu ezingaphansi kweminyaka engama-4-5 zidluliselwa ngonyaka, izitshalo ezindala - emva kweminyaka engu-2-3. Yenza inqubo entwasahlobo. Ngemuva kwalokho, kanye ngonyaka / izinyanga eziyisithupha, ungqimba lwenhlabathi olungaphezulu luyasuswa, indawo ephumayo yembozwe ngenhlabathi entsha. Ngokufakelwa, kusetshenziswa imbiza engu-3-4 cm ngobukhulu. Isihlahla sidluliselwa ngokucophelela esitsheni esisha, ama-voids agcwele inhlabathi. Lapho ukhetha ingxube yenhlabathi eqediwe, inketho ethi "Wwezihlahla zesundu" ilungile. Ngemuva kokuthatha isinqumo sokulungisa inhlabathi ngokwakho, kufanele unamathele kulokhu okulandelayo:

• Izingxenye ezi-2 zenhlabathi ekhanyayo eyenziwe ngobumba;
• Izingxenye ezi-2 zokubumbeka kweshidi le-humus;
• 1 ingxenye Peat;
• 1 ingxenye yomquba obolile;
• 1 ingxenye yesihlabathi;
• inani elincane lamalahle.

Usuku uRobelini

Inhlabathi kumele ibe kanjani: okukhululekile, okuthambile, okunomswakama nokuphefumula. Ngaphansi kwembiza, kufanele kuhlelwe ungqimba lwamanzi oluvimbela ukugeleza kwamanzi kakhulu. Umthamo wokutshala akufanele ube banzi, kepha uphezulu, uhlinzeka ngokubekwa okunethezekile kwezimpande ezinde.

Amathiphu Wokunakekela

Ukuze isihlahla sosuku lwangaphakathi esidala sihlobise indlu, siyinakekele iminyaka kudinga ukubheka amaphuzu abalulekile:

1. Umuthi wesundu uyamesaba okubhaliwe. Ukupholisa egumbini egumbini ekwindla noma ebusika, kufanele uvikele lesi sitshalo ekugelezeni komoya obandayo.
2. Ukunakekelwa kwesundu, amanzi agcinwe kahle, athambile, angenayo i-chlorine enamazinga okushisa angama-20 ° C.
3. Amaqabunga adinga ukufafazwa nsuku zonke, esula ngemipanji emanzi. Ngakho-ke isundu lizovikelwa ezinambuzaneni, lizothola ukubukeka kahle. Njalo ngesonto isiko lifakwa umphefumulo wangempela, lisibekele umhlabathi ngefilimu.
4. Ukunqamula noma ukwephuka esiqongweni sentende akuvunyelwe. Ukufa kwesitshalo akunakugwenywa.
5. Izihlahla zesundu zondliwa ngabavukuzi kanye nezinto eziphilayo: njalo emavikini amabili esikhathini esifudumele futhi kanye ngenyanga ebusika. Ifanele izihlahla zesundu nezitshalo eziqabulayo. Ama-fertilizer afakwe kahle enhlabathini emanzi, ngesimo se-dilated.

Ungayinakekela kanjani usuku lokuhlobisa ekhaya

Isundu lesundu elivela etsheni lingahlobisa ingaphakathi noma likuqede ngokuphelele ukubumbana nokududuza. Uma isitshalo sigula, kubukeka njengokubi ngokungafanele: amahlamvu aphenduka aphuzi, amnyama, awele, iziqu ziba zithambile, kwakheka iphunga elibi. Izifo zivela lapho zigcinwa ngokungafanele noma zihlaselwa izinambuzane.

Imodi yokunisela

Ngemuva kokutshala isundu embewini ngenkathi ihlumela lihluma, ukuthambisa kuyadingeka akuvamile, ngasemaphethelweni omile womhlabathi ngokuphelele. Njengoba amaqhuqhuva asencane akha, kubalulekile ukulawula ingaphezulu (2-3 cm), ukuthambisa kuyenziwa njengoba komile.

Amanzi asele epanini kufanele akhishwe ngokushesha. Ebusika, imijikelezo yempilo yezitshalo yehlisa ijubane, futhi i-hydration incishiswe. Ukuqina komswakama kuzoholela ekufeni kohlelo lwezimpande, izinsuku zizokufa.

Izidingo zokukhanyisa

Kungcono ukutshala isihlahla sesundu endaweni enokhanya kahle, usiguqula njalo isiqu elangeni, wonke amaqabunga azobamba iqhaza kwinqubo ye-photosynthesis. Ngaphandle kokukhanya, amaqabunga ayelula, athuthukise ngokungalingani futhi abe ntekenteke.

Ukubeka izinsuku ebhethri ebusika kusongela ukweqisa. Iphansi lemabula noma i-windows sill kuthinta kabi uhlelo lwezimpande olubucayi lwesandla. Ukuxhaswa kokuhlobisa kokuphakama okudingekayo kuzoxazulula inkinga. Ehlobo, indawo enhle kakhulu ingaphandle ngaphandle kokusalungiswa. Esikhathini sessryry, lesi sitshalo kufanele siboshwe kancane, ukuvikele ukuvela kokushiswa yilanga.

Kungani usuku lwesundu lushiya lube mnyama

Uma amaqabunga emnyama, aqhekeka kwi-tube bese ewa, kuvela izingwevu ezinsundu ebusweni, lezi yizimpawu zokuqala zokubonakala kwezivakashi ezingalindelekile. I-Date palm isengozini ye-mealybug, i-thyroid gland, i-spider mite. Gwema isixazululo sensipho (kungcono ukusebenzisa insipho elula yokugeza), ujusi wegalikhi noma i-Actellika.

Usuku lokuma kwesundu

Imibala yesundu ephuzi-eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ibonisa ukungaphezulu kokukhanya noma ukulimala kwesibungu sesicabucabu. Izindawo ezinsundu emaqabungeni zibonisa isidingo sokunciphisa ukuthambisa. Uma kwenzeka kunomswakama onganele womhlabathi, lesi sitshalo sizokwehlisa amaqabunga, nomoya owomile uzokwenza ukuthi izeluleko zamaqabunga zome. Ukuthambisa isiqu kanye nokwenza mnyama kwamaqabunga yimiphumela yokunisela ngokweqile. Inkinga imvamisa ihambisana nephunga elingathandeki.

Izinzuzo kanye nokulimala kwezinsuku

Izinsuku ziyindlela yokwelapha emnandi nenempilo engamiselela amaswidi noma ushukela. Izithelo ziqukethe amavithamini we-B, i-carotene (provitamin A) no-Vitamin K. Ezingxenyeni zamaminerali, izithelo zicebile ikakhulukazi ku-potassium, ziqukethe i-calcium, phosphorus, magnesium nensimbi.

Okuqukethwe okuncane kwe-sodium, i-zinc, yethusi kanye ne-manganese kuyagcinwa. Okuqukethwe kwekhalori kwezinsuku kufinyelela ku-280-340 kcal ngamagremu ayi-100 womkhiqizo, ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo.