Nini futhi kanjani ukusika i-gooseberries ekwindla

Ukusika izihlahla zokugcoba akuyona insimu yabalimi abangaphelele, kodwa inqubo ebalulekile lapho inani lekhwalithi yesitshalo incike khona. Ukuze ubumnandi nokukhula, amajikijolo adinga ukukhanya okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ebhekheni elinganaki, izitshalo ziyokhula kuphela emakhanda amahle, emagatsheni awo lapho kuzoba khona izithelo ezincane nezingenakusihlwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Indlela yokuletha amahlumela ngokuhlelekile, kungenzeka yini ukukhamba phakathi kwekwindla kanye nokwehliswa kwentwasahlobo kanye nokuthi yimiphi imvamisa eyenziwa - uzothola izimpendulo zale mibuzo kamuva kusihloko.

Okuqukethwe:

• Nini ukuqala
• Yini esiyidingayo ukuze sisebenze
• Yiziphi amahlumela okufanele azinqunywe
• Umehluko kuye ngokuthi ubudala
• Ukudubula isihlahla ukuvuselela
• Yini okufanele uyenze ngemva kokuqeda
• Amaphutha we-newbie avamile
• Ividiyo: Ukusika izihlahla ekutholeni
• Abasebenzisi bezincomo zenethiwekhi mayelana nokucwenga ugqumugqumu

Ingabe kuyadingeka ukusika i-gooseberries ekwindla

Isidingo sama-haircuts avamile we-gooseberries ngenxa yokunakekelwa kokukhanya nokuthandayo. Ngaphandle kwezimo ezifanele, isiko sengozini yokuthola izifo ezivamile futhi zibe izisulu zezinambuzane eziyingozi.

Kubalulekile! I-gooseberry isaba kakhulu imimoya yasenyakatho, izitshalo ezinzima, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nomthunzi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, lesi sitshalo sizofa.

Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa izihlahla zokuqala ezihlahleni ngaphambi kokutshala, futhi ngemuva kokuqothula, zakha umqhele minyaka yonke futhi zihlanzekile ezinhlathini ezindala nezigulayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi konke ukusebenzisana ne-pruner kusetshenziswe ngesikhathi esisodwa - ekwindla. Akuvunyelwe ukusika amagatsha ngonyaka owodwa ngo-Okthoba, kanti ngolunye - ngoMashi. Izenzo ezinjalo zivusa ukucindezeleka okuqinile kwesitshalo futhi, mhlawumbe, zizobangela ukufa kwawo ebusika.

Abanini bomhlaba abaningi abaqapheli ngokugcwele injongo enkulu yokusika izihlahla. Ngenxa yalokho, ngenxa yezenzo ezingalungile, amahlumela alahlekelwa amagatsha awo avundile, futhi isitshalo sisalokhu sincane futhi singenambitheki. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuba uthathe i-pruner, udinga ukuqonda imigomo esemqoka yezinwele.

Bheka izinhlobonhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu: "Umlawuli", "Malachite", "Grushenka", "Consul", "Honey", "Kolobok", "Krasnoslavyansky".

Ezinye zazo zihlose ukwenza umqhele, kanti ezinye zihloswe ekuhlanzeni okuhlanzekile. Ngokwehluka kokuqala, kugcizelelwe kumele kususwe ekususweni kwamagatsha okuncintisana namagatsha aqinile kakhulu, futhi okwesibili, ngokusika izinhlanzi, ezithintekayo yi-fungi, amagciwane kanye nezinambuzane zamagatsha.

Kubalulekile! Umgomo oyinhloko wokwehlisa i-gooseberries ukudala umqhele omuhle wokuthuthukiswa okugcwele kwehlathi. Ungavumeli amagatsha aphansi aphelelwe phansi ahlale phansi futhi athole izimpande - azoba ngowokuqala ukufa efrijini elibi.

Uma zonke izinqubo ezibalwe ngenhla zenziwa ngesikhathi esifanele futhi ngokuhambisana nemithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo, khona-ke ubhujimi ngamashumi amabili eminyaka uzokubonga ngesihlahla esithambile nesivulekile. Yebo, kanye nekhwalithi yokuvuna, uzomangala kakhulu.

Nini ukuqala

I-ugqumugqumu ibucayi kakhulu ekushiseni, ngakho-ke, ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, iyashintsha ngaphambi kokuba zonke izitshalo zeberry zilale ngemva kokulala ebusika. Ngo-Mashi no-Ephreli ukuba nesikhathi sokusika okungapheli. Ngesikhathi esivamile sithatha amathuluzi engadini, amaqabunga aqala ukuvula ezihlahleni zamajikijolo. Uma uqala ukusika izinwele ngenkathi ekhulayo, lesi sitshalo sizogula kakhulu futhi singase sife. Yingakho ochwepheshe beluleka ukuba bakhe umqhele futhi bahlanze ukuhlanzeka kuwo ekuwa.

Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu salokhu yiyhumi eyishumi kaNovemba, lapho amahlamvu ehlulwa ngokuphelele. Kodwa lezi ziyizinsuku zokubonisa kuphela. Uma uhlela ukusika izihlahla, zonke izivande kufanele zicabange ngezimo zesimo sezulu, izimo zezulu, izimo zokushisa.

Okufanelekile, ukusika izihlahla kwenziwa lapho lesi sitshalo sinciphisa ukuhamba kwejusi. Kubalulekile ukubamba okungenani inyanga ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibanda. Phela, izihlahla zifuna isikhathi sokuphulukisa amanxeba futhi zilungiselele amakhaza.

Kubalulekile! Kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele ukususa amahlumela ku-ugqumugqumu ezinyangeni zasehlobo. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngalesi sikhathi isiko sisezingeni eliphezulu le nkathi ekhulayo. Amahlumela amasha asinaso isikhathi sokuqina ngamandla ebusika futhi uzofa ehlathini lokuqala elilukhuni.

Yini esiyidingayo ukuze sisebenze

Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bahlale benesisombululo esifanele, kepha kubaqalayo lokhu kuyisikhubekiso sokuqala. Ukuze uzwisise yonke imininingwane yokulungiselela isethi edingekayo yokusika izihlahla, bheka amabheji ochwepheshe.

Ngakho, sizodinga:

• amagilavu ​​okuvivinya ngesisekelo sensimbi ebomvu;
• ukugqoka kwangaphandle okuhlala isikhathi eside ngemislee ende (ukuze izinhlanzi zingaboni izandla);
• i-pruner yensimu;
• i-saw encane (izihlahla ezindala ezinamagatsha amakhulu);
• izitsha zensimu (mhlawumbe ngezibamba eside);
• umgodi wensimu (ukuchithwa kwe-putty volumetric);
• ukupenda noma ukushayela (ukubeka izindawo zokusika);
• imoto (yokuqoqa nokuthumela ama-pruned branches);
• uma kunesidingo, ama-disinfectants (ukwelashwa kwezitshalo ezilimazwa amabhaktheriya, isikhunta noma amagciwane).

Yiziphi amahlumela okufanele azinqunywe

Ngokuvamile, abasha abasenkonzweni yokusika i-gooseberries benza iphutha elifanayo: baqeda yonke into abayicabanga ukuthi ayinakwenzeka. Ngenxa yalokho, isihlahla esinjalo sihlukumeza kakhulu ifomu elisha. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ochwepheshe bacebisa ukuba basuse lesi sitshalo. Emva kokusika, kufanele okungenani kube ngu-30% we-biomass yokuqala. Uma kungenjalo, kungase kufe.

Uyazi? Ama-gooseberries asendle asezindaweni zasendulo ahlanganisa indawo yaseYurophu yanamuhla. Isitshalo esiyinkimbinkimbi nesingavamile saqaphela kuqala amaFulentshi, owaqala ukulihlakulela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-13. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isithelo esiphundu-esiphundu salesi siko saheha abaseBrithani. Ngaleso sikhathi, abalimi babesevele bembule izimfihlo eziyinhloko zokuthola amajikijolo amakhulu futhi amnandi. Bonke abaseYurophu bafunda nge-gooseberries kuphela ngekhulu le-XVII..

Ukuze uthathe izihlahla ukuze uzuze ubhiya wakho, cabanga ngemithetho evumelekile evamile yokwenza nokuhlanza umqhele wepray. Ukususwa:

• amagatsha aqondiswa esihlahleni;
• amahlumela aphikisanayo (okuthandwa ngaso sonke isikhathi kunamandla kakhulu);
• amahlumela abomile abomnyama emva kobusika;
• amagatsha aphansi kakhulu noma asekelwe futhi agxilile;
• izilokazane ezindala nezonakalisiwe.

Hlola ngokucophelela ukuthi ungayinciphisa kanjani i-gooseberries.

Umehluko kuye ngokuthi ubudala

Ukuze kulungiswe ukunqunywa, iminyaka yamahlathi ibaluleke kakhulu. Kungenziwa kunqunywe ngamagxolo: emahlathini amancane aphelele futhi ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi ezinkampanini ezindala kunzima, kuluhlaza futhi kumnyama.

Izihlahla zokuqala kufanele zenziwe ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwemifino ye-seedling. Kuze kube sekugcineni, susa iziqongo kuzo zonke amahlumela ngendlela yokuthi kungabi khona okungaphezulu kwezingu-4 okushiywe kusuka empandeni. Izinyathelo ezinjalo ezinkulu ziyoba yisisekelo sokubekwa kahle kwamagatsha athelayo. Ekwindla, asikho isidingo sokuphathwa okunjalo. Kulesi sigaba, umsebenzi oyinhloko womlimi wensimu ukuqeda amagatsha afile. Basuswa endaweni lapho amahlumela amasha ekhula khona.

Uyazi? Esikhathini sekhulu le-XI, ugqumugqumu wawuyingxenye ebalulekile yazo zonke izivande ze-monastic zaseYurophu. Ekuqaleni, amajikijolo awo aluhlaza ayehlonishwa njengesobho se-seasonings, futhi evuthiwe futhi enomnandi - njenge-dessert. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izithelo zaqala ukusetshenziswa ngezinhloso zokwelapha.

Susa iziqongo kuzo zonke amahlumela of ugqumugqumu

Abalimi abangenalwazi kufanele balungiselele ukuthi iminyaka engu-2-3 yokuqala iberry ngeke likhiqize isivuno esifisa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kubalulekile ukunikeza ugqumugqumu ngokunakekelwa okufanele. Ukuphakama kwe-fruiting yayo kuzowela eminyakeni engu-5-10 yokuphila, emva kwalokho ukwehla kuzoqala futhi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukunikeza ukugqugquzela okwesikhashana ukubunjwa okulungile kwesihlahla esinempilo. Lokhu kwenziwa kanje:

• ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, ekwindla, wonke amahlumela abuthakathaka futhi aphukile anqunywe esitokisini; amaqine anamandla futhi asinamandla asusa isikhala ezingeni le-buddha yesithathu;
• ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila ehlathini, kukhethwe iziqu ezinamandla ezi-3 noma ezine, lapho umqhele uzokwakhiwa khona (izingodo zawo kufanele futhi zifakwe okwesithathu), konke okunye kususwa emhlabathini ngokwawo;
• eminyakeni engama-3 no-4 yokuphila kwezitshalo kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuba khona kwamahlumela amakhulu, okumele kube okungaphezu kwamane, amahlumela ama-zero (okuthiwa lawo akhula phansi eduze komhlaba) anqunywe phansi, futhi kuwo wonke ama-shrub ahlanze ingxenye yesithathu yobude amagatsha;
• ngonyaka wesishiyagalombili wokuphila, i-ugqumugqumu sele isungulwe futhi ayidingi ukunqunywa kwezinwele, kulesi sigaba sokuthuthukiswa futhi esikhathini esizayo ngoba ukuhlanza nokuhlanza ukuhlanzeka kwezinga lokuhlanzeka kuyadingeka.

Ukudubula ugqumugqumu eminyakeni emithathu emva kokutshala

Kubalulekile! Okufanelekile, amahlumela amakhulu aneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye ubudala kufanele abe namahlumela amakhulu angama-4-8 (inani lixhomeke ezinhlobonhlobo) namagatsha angama-25 aneminyaka ehlukene..

Zonke izihlahla ezilandelayo zihloswe ekuhlanzeni izitshalo kusuka emahlumela angenawo. Njengomthetho, lezi yizibonelo ezingaphezu kweminyaka engu-7-8 ubudala. Zihlukaniswa ngesikhumba sabo kanye namagxolo amnyama.

Ukudubula isihlahla ukuvuselela

Ukukhanda izinwele okuvuselelayo kuboniswa emahlathini asevele ewela ukuphakama kwe-fruiting yawo. Lezi zitshalo ezingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10 ubudala. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bathi i-ugqumugqumu ingenziwa ukunikeza isivuno esihle ngokugqugquzela ukukhula kwamahlumela amasha. Ngakho-ke, wonke amagatsha okuvela kuwo lapho isithombo sakhula khona singasuswa. Kodwa izihlahla akufanele zibhubhise ngokuphelele isihlahla. Ukushintshwa kwamahlumela amancane kwenzeka kancane kancane. Ungasheshi ukususa ukukhula kwamagatsha athela izithelo. Futhi qinisekisa ukuthi emva kwenqubo, cishe u-50% womqhele wayo uhlala ehlathini.

Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bakhuthazwa ukuba bazijwayele izici zokutshala nokunakekela i-gooseberries engadini.

Ama-gooseberries amadala ahlale ehlukaniswa inani elikhulu lama-zero amahlumela nokunyuka kancane kwamagatsha okubuka. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuba inkathi isuse cishe ingxenye yesithathu yezinhlumela ezingadingekile.

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi yonke imizamo izokwandisa kancane kancane isivuno semikhiqizo enjalo. Ngakho-ke, ulinganise zonke izinzuzo nezindleko futhi wenze isinqumo esifanele ngokutshala isithombo esisha. Emva kwakho konke, umehluko phakathi kwezitshalo ezincane zeberry kanye nezinhlanzi ezivuselelwe zizoqhubeka zizwakala ngobuningi kanye nekhwalithi yezithelo.

Uyazi? Kuze kube yilolu suku, izazi zelimi azikwazi ukuhlukanisa i-tangle yamagama ahlukene amajikijolo wokugcoba. Isibonelo, ngesiNgisi kuzwakale njengokuthi "ugqumugqumu" (izinyawo zezinyawo), ngesiJalimane - "stachelbeere" (uKristu uvukela), e-Belarusian - agrest, efana "neqoqo elingavuthi" elibolekwe amaNtaliyane. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi umsuka wamagama ahlukahlukene wesitshalo awuhlangene noose, noma noKristu, noma ngemifino eluhlaza. Eqinisweni, lokhu kubeka izilimi nezilimi ezihlukene. Ngakho-ke, igama lesiDashi elithi "kruisbezie" libhekwa njengengxenye yokuqala kulolu chungechunge olude lwe-eymological.

Ukutshala isithombo semisipha esisha

Yini okufanele uyenze ngemva kokuqeda

Ngesikhathi sokuvuna kwekwindla, ama-berry ahlaselwa alahlekelwa yizimila eziningi, okuyizinto ezicindezelayo kakhulu kubo. Ngakho-ke, ukukwazi ukwenza nokuhlanza izitshalo kusekhona ekunakekelweni okuqhubekayo.

Izinkimbinkimbi zokuthola izinqubo zihlanganisa:

1. Ukwelashwa kwezicucu ezinkulu nge-pitch-pitch - njengenye indlela yokucwiliswa kwe-disinfection, ungafaka amanxeba angenalutho ngesisombululo esikhishiwe esenziwe nge-carbon and urea (esilungiselelwe isilinganiso esingu-1: 7).
2. Ukutshala izitshalo ngama-fertilizer-organic fertilizer - ukuthenga okuhlukile nelebula "ekwindla" kuhle. Izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zingashintshwa ngengxube yokwenza izinto eziyi-15 kg yama-humus, 200 g we-superphosphate kanye no-40 g we-potassium.
3. Ukunisela okukhulu kwesihlahla - umsebenzi oyinhloko wenqubo ukulungisa i-gooseberries ebusika. Ngalokhu, kunconywa ukuthi uthele ngamabhakede amabili amanzi ngaphansi kwezimpande ngayinye. Kumele avikeleke kahle futhi angabi kubanda.
4. Ukuhlolwa okunamandla kweberry ngokuba khona kwezinambuzane noma izibonakaliso zezifo - uma kunesidingo, inhlabathi emithini yomuthi kuyodingeka ilashwe nganoma iyiphi i-fungicide (Infinito, Coronet, Teldor, Antrakol, Flint Star). Njengeprolactic, i-Bordeaux liquid iye yafakazela kahle kakhulu. Akudingeki ukuba afake umhlabathi nje kuphela, kodwa wonke amahlathi.
5. Ukulungiselela ubusika - izithombo ezincane zidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile, kodwa ezindaweni ezinobusika obukhulu, zonke izitshalo zidinga ukufudumala. Lokhu kwenziwa nge-peat noma i-sheet compost. Kubalulekile ukuthi i-mulch ihlanganisa cishe ingxenye yesigamu semitha yesigcawu.

Uma ufuna ukuvikela isitshalo ezinkingeni ezingokwemvelo, thola ukuthi kungani udinga inhlabathi, ikakhulukazi ukwemukelwa kwe-agrotechnical reception.

Amaphutha we-newbie avamile

Ngakho ukuthi ukusika izikebhe kuphumelele, futhi umlimi omncane angasheshe avune imivuzo yemisebenzi yakhe ngenjabulo, sineluleka ukuba ufunde emaphutheni abanye. Nasi uhlu lweziphambeko ezivame kakhulu:

1. Ukuphulwa okubi kwemigomo yokusika. Sibheka ukusika kwehlobo kwamagatsha, kanye nokuhluleka kwesikhathi.
2. Ukususwa okunembile kwamagatsha. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka lapho umlimi oyisivinini, ongenakuqonda ubuqili bokusika izihlahla, uzama ukuhlanza isihlahla ngangokunokwenzeka kuyo yonke into acabanga ukuthi ayiyona into enhle kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, amagatsha angase awele ngaphansi kwezingubo, kanti abasele ababuthakathaka bazobulawa ekufeni kweqhwa kuqala.
3. Ukukhishwa okukhulu kwamahlumela. Lona iphutha elibulalayo, ngoba ezimweni eziningi liphela ngokubhujiswa kwehlathi.
4. Ukunqunywa kokunyuka komnyaka owodwa kumahlumela athela izithelo. Ngezihlahla ezinjalo, umqhele wesitshalo awukwazi ukuqhubeka uthuthuke.
5. Ukususwa okuphelele kwezingxenye zangaphakathi zehlathi ngesikhathi sokuvuselelwa kwayo.

Ukwandisa isivuno se-gooseberries esiqhingini sakho, funda ukuthi yiziphi i-gooseberries ezigulayo nokuthi ungayiphilisa kanjani.

Yizo zonke izimfihlo. Khumbula imithetho esemqoka yokusika izikhwama ezifanele - kanti ubhiya uzokujabulisa isikhathi eside ngezithelo eziningi ezivuthiwe.

Kubalulekile! Uma udala isihlahla, ukuhlwanyela ukuhlwanyela kubalulekile, ngoba ezinye izinhlobo ze-ugqumugqumu zijwayele ukukhula komqhele eminyakeni engu-2-3, kanti ezinye zizothatha kabili isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka uqaphele ukusika izimpande. Okokuqala, susa obuthakathaka nalabo abakha isithunzi ngaphakathi kwesihlahla.

Ividiyo: Ukusika izihlahla ekutholeni

Abasebenzisi bezincomo zenethiwekhi mayelana nokucwenga ugqumugqumu