I-China ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa yamapheya, manje inkosi yasezulwini iveza okungaphezu kuka-50% yazo zonke lezi zithelo. Ipeyari iye yaziwa isikhathi eside, kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambili, kodwa ukubukeka kwayo kwanamuhla kungumsebenzi wabalimi.
Iphayari ingeyomndeni wasePirus onobuphuzi obomvu, kuyimithi yokuhlobisa kanye nezihlahla nezitshalo. Ikhula, ikakhulukazi enyakatho yezwe, ezindaweni zayo eziseningizimu naseningizimu. Ngezansi kwe-equator, ngesilinganiso sezimboni, sakhula kuphela e-Argentina.
Kukhona izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-60 zamapheya, phakathi kwazo iningi lezihlahla ezikhulayo. Ipey yawela eRussia eNkathini Ephakathi, ePoland, negama elisetshenzisiwe kuze kube manje, linamathele, linamathele.
Ezweni lakithi likhula ezindaweni eziseningizimu, endaweni ephakathi naseMpumalanga Ekude, izinhlobo zenzelwe ezinye izindawo zaseSiberia. Ngokusho kwe-pear yokuvuthwa ihlukaniswe ngezihlobo zakuqala, eziphakathi nendawo eziseduze, ngokuvamile zidla ihlobo eliphakathi kwehlobo, ekwindla nasebusika.
Ngaphezu kwalokho kulesi sihloko, incazelo kanye nencazelo yezinhlobonhlobo eziphakathi kwesikhumbuzo seYakovlev, izimpendulo zophiko lwezesayensi yezolimo Isaev RD. kanye nesithombe ozokubona ukuthi i-pear ibukeka kanjani futhi uthola ukuthi lezi zinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zikhula kanjani.
Uhlobo luni lwamapheya alubhekisela?
Inkumbulo Yakovlev, lena i-autumn pear ezihlukahlukene, etholakala ngokuwela izinhlobo zeTyoma neFrance Olivier de Serres.
Izinhlobo ze-autumn eziphakathi kwe-Autumn zifaka: Tatiana, Talgar Beauty, Tale Fairy, Sil Don kanye Otradnenskaya.
Izithombo zingathengwa kalula ezindaweni zokuhlala. I-skoroplodny universal grade nge izithelo eziphakeme kanye nokukhwehlela okuhle kakhulu.
Kufakwe kwiRejista kaHulumeni Ephakathi, Central Black Earth nasezifundeni zase Middle Middle.
Umlando wokuzala
Isimo sengqondo esingathí sina ekuhlaleni izinhlobo ezintsha zamapheya eRussia kwaqala ngomsebenzi we-Academician Michurin IV, phambi kwakhe leli bhizinisi lisezandleni zabathandi ngabanye.
Ngaphansi kweMichurin, ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ezintsha zezitshalo ezihlukahlukene kwamukelwa ukwesekwa kwezwe. P.N. Yakovlev umfundi wakhe, negama lakhe lihlotshaniswa nokuvela kwezinhlobo eziningana zamapheya: "Izintandokazi Yakovlev", "Autumn Yakovlev".
Waqala ukusebenza ekuzaliseni lezi zihlukahlukene, indodana yakhe iqedile, ngakho igama. I-Pear Memory Yakovlev bathola ku-VNIIS bona uMichurin, ikhule ikakhulukazi endaweni ephakathi yezwe, ukuchaza kabanzi ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene nezithombe zezithelo.
Incazelo izinhlobo Memory Yakovlev
Umuthi uyingcosana, ukhula ngokushesha, ubukhulu obuphakathi, nomqhele ojikelezayo, gcoba grey. Amahlumela amakhulu akhula ngokufana nomhlabathi. Umuthi unikeza amahlumela amaningi, angama-medium.
Izinso i-conical, ebushelelezi, i-pillow enkulu ephansi. Amahlamvu encane, eluhlaza. Izimbali ezimhlophe, kwi-inflorescence yama-4-6.
Izithelo zivamile, amaqedile ashaywa umbala ngokufaka kancane kwe-orange. Iphakathi kwamanzi amnandi, amnandi, amancane.
Izithelo zisetshenziselwa ukudla okuluhlaza, ziyizinto eziwusizo kakhulu zokwenza i-jam ne-compote, ziyathuthwa kalula.
Isihlahla iveza izithelo ngonyaka wesine wokutshala, ngonyaka wesi-7 unikeza isivuno esikhulu. Ukukhula okuncane kwemithi kwenza kube lula ukuhlanganisa ukutshala ukuze uthole isivuno sezithelo ezinhle endaweni encane.
NgoJanuwari, Yakovlevskaya, Chudesnitsa, uBere Russkaya noTonkovetka bangaziqhayisa ngezinga eliphezulu.
I-Pear Memory Yakovlev, incazelo ephelele yezici ozothola kamuva kulesi sihloko, ikhuthazelela ubusika, ihlale ikhululekile. Izinhlobonhlobo zikhula kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi, kodwa ukhetha ukuhlangana nokutholakala kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Isithombe
Izithombe zomuthi nezithelo zepeyari Inkumbulo Yakovlev:
Izici
I-Pear Memory Yakovlev self-infantile kanye skoroplodny ezihlukahlukene, yiyo ngokwayo i-pollinator yezinye izitshalo zensimu, ezivuthwa ekwindla, ubusika obunzima, obumelana nesilonda nezinye izifo ezijwayelekile zezitshalo zezithelo, unikeza isivuno esihle.
Azikho amaphutha amakhulu.
UKUKHONA! Ezindaweni ezimelele zokuzalanisa, lezi zilwane zidinga ukuchelela njalo.
Buka ividiyo ngeziphakamiso zokuhlolwa ze-C.-X. Isazi Isaev Roman Dmitrievich mayelana pear Memory of Yakovlev, khona-ke uzofunda ngokutshala nokunakekelwa.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Izitshalo zitshala entwasahlobo noma ekwindla, ngo-Ephreli noma ngo-Okthoba. Ngonyaka wokuqala ungenza ngaphandle kokufaka umquba, kodwa izithombo kudingeka ziphuze.
Uma izithombo zitshalwe enhlabathini yombumba, ukukhula kahle kwesitshalo, engeza i-peat, isihlabathi somfula noma umquba emhlabathini.
KUBALULEKILE! Ngokuba ukufika benza umgodi ngokujula kwamasentimitha angu-80-90 kanye nengqikithi yemitha eyodwa. Awukwazi ukutshala inqwaba ye-sunflower noma ummbila, la amasiko athatha izakhi zomhlabathi.
I-pollinator eyengeziwe yokwebheka i-Memory Yakovlev ayidingi, izinhlobonhlobo zithandeka.
Ngo-Mashi, baqala ukugaya izinkuni, susa amanye amagatsha amadala bese unciphisa abasele, ukwenze ukuze unciphise ukukhuni kwezinkuni, ngaphandle kokusika ukuholela ekubunjweni kwemifino emisha. Susa amagatsha anezimbali ezindala zembali.
Ngo-Ephreli, ukufuthola izinkuni kwenziwa, ukuvikelwa ezinambuzane, inqubo ingenziwa kabili. Isikhathi sokuqala phakathi nokuhluma kwemifino, okwesibili, ekuqaleni kokubonakala kwembali. Amalungiselelo Inta-Vir, Strobe and Fury izovikela lesi sitshalo.
Ngo-May, isitshalo sondliwa. I-Urea ifaneleka kakhulu.
Ehlobo, ukuhlwanyela utshani obuluhlaza nokuphuza, ikakhulukazi ngokuntuleka kwemvula.
Kuwe ngoSeptemba, kuyisifiso sokugcoba iziqu, lapho izilonda ezinokwenzeka emthini zimboza zona ngokuhola okubomvuLokhu kuzovikela ipheya ezifweni kanye nokusiza ebusika ebanda.
Ngomnyaka kaNovemba, umhlabathi ozungeze ipeyari kufanele udliwe. Umquba, umquba, umlotha kufanelekile kule njongo.
I-Pear izobonga ngokunakekelwa.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Inkumbulo Ehlukahlukene YaseYakovlev ephikisana nezifo eziningi zezihlahla ze-pear, incazelo eqhubekayo
//selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html amapheya. Lesi sifo sibangelwa ukukhunta, kuthinta wonke umuthi.
Kulula ukucacisa ukuthi ngabe isihlahla sibuhlungu, uma izindawo ezibomvu zivela kwamanye amaqabunga, kuyisiko. Isifo ngokuvamile sivela ngenxa yesimo sezulu.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokulwa nomzimba ukuvimbela, ukusika izihlahla, ukusika izihlahla. Uma lesi sifo sesifikile, khona-ke indlela esemqoka yokulwa i-Bordeaux liquid.
Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe izikhathi eziningana. Ukufafaza kokuqala kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuvela kwamaqabunga, okwesibili, ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphuma kwembali, emva kwamasonto amathathu.
UKUKHONA! Ukufafaza isihlahla, awukwazi ukushisa amahlamvu emithini. Uma lesi sifo sithuthukile kakhulu, ke ukusifaza kungenziwa kuze kube kasithupha ngesinye isikhathi. Ekwindla, faka isihlahla ngesisombululo se-ammonium nitrate.
Ukuphikisa ukukhwabanisa kube neMoscow Ekuqaleni, i-Orlovskaya Beauty, i-Oryol Summer, i-Elegant Efimova neMarble.
I-white leaf indawo. Lesi sifo sibangelwa nesikhunta, amabala amhlophe noma ama-gray awakhiwa emaqabunga, aphenduka aphuzi, abuye awe. Ukwelapha nge-Bordeaux liquid kusiza ukubhekana nalesi sifo. Phonsa umuthi kufanele ube ngaphambi kokusila, emva kwezinsuku ezingu-12-14, ukuphinda ukucubungula.
Izithelo zibola. Ama-pathogens: amakhowe, i-goose beetle. Lesi sifo sithinta isithelo, izindawo zokugqoka umbala kuqala, ziyoma futhi ziwe. Izithelo eziwile zivunwa futhi zingcwatshwe ngokujulile emhlabathini, ziphathwa nge-Bordeaux liquid.
Umdlavuza omnyama Amagxolo omuthi uthinteka yi-fungus, iyaqhekeka, imnyama, bese ifa, futhi isihlahla soma.
Gwema njalo i-trunk, uphathe izixazululo ezibhekene nesikhumba, izindawo ezinzima zegxolo zigezwa nge-sulphate yethusi, ziboshwe nge-pitch pitch.
Izinambuzane. Inkathazo eyinhloko ye-pear yi-aphid, inambuzane encane ehlasela amaqabunga namahlumela. I-Aphid ithela ijusi yesitshalo.
Ukufafaza indlela eyinhloko yomzabalazo, sebenzisa i-karbofos ne-kovikurt, sebenzisa ukuphalaza izikhathi eziningana. Ungasebenzisa izixazululo zikagalikhi ne-dandelion, ukusebenzisa isepha.
I-Pear sucker. Insect, ibeka amaqanda emagqumeni nasemaceleni emuthi. Umuthi ukhula kancane, izithelo zivuthwe ezincane, ukunambitheka kulahlekile. Spray izikhathi eziningana ngenkathi ngesisombululo noma isobho.
I-Pear mite Inambuzane encane ibeka amaqanda emagqabeni kanye namaqabunga esihlahla, idonsa isitshalo sesitshalo, iyoma. Ukubhubhisa inkathazo isetshenziselwe ukuxazulula isisombululo se-sulfur colloidal.
I-Pear moth. Insect, idla izithelo zesitshalo. Susa izithelo eziwilekile, uphefa ukumnika umhlonyane, sebenzisa izixazululo zamalungiselelo eziphilayo.
Pear Blossom Inambuzane ebeka amaqanda ayo embali yesitshalo, idla amaqabunga ayo kanye namaqabunga. Ngaphambi kokusila, faka isisombululo se-karbofos nge-addition of concentrated emulsion.
PAY ATTENTION. Ukuphalaza kungenziwa ngokuzwakalayo, ukwenza ukwelashwa okulwa nezinhlobo eziningana zezilokazane nezifo zezifo.
Esinye isitha somuthi singaba izindukuLapho befuna ukudla, ikakhulukazi ebusika, baqoqa izimpande zomuthi.
Izihlahla ezingezansi ziboshwe nge-ruberoid, amagatsha ase-spruce, izosabisa ama-rodents futhi avimbele ukushisa kwelanga emithini evuthayo.
Inhlobonhlobo ye-Pear, injengezo zonke amapheya, inemithi yokwelapha, iyasiza kusifo sikashukela, izifo zamathumbu, isusa izakhi ezilimazayo emzimbeni.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zikhula ezindaweni eziningi zezwe futhi zijabulisa abalimi ngezithelo ezihlwabusayo nezigugu.
Buka ividiyo mayelana nephephandaba le-Memory of Yakovlev.
