Amazambane angenye yezitshalo ezidume kakhulu emhlabeni. Ingenye yezitshalo ezinhlanu ezibaluleke kakhulu zokudla kanye nommbila, irayisi, ukolweni, kanye naphakathi kwezinsimu ezingenalo utshani, ziqala kuqala.
Ikhulile emazweni angaphezu kwekhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Abaningi babo, kuhlanganise neRashiya, bahlakulele amazambane hhayi nje kuphela ekusetshenzisweni, kepha futhi nokuthekelisa ngaphandle.
Kulesi sihloko sizofunda ngokuningiliziwe ngomlando wempande, qhathanisa isivuno samazambane emazweni lapho ethandwa kakhulu.
Umlando
Kuphi iplanethi yethu okokuqala kwaqala ukukhula amazambane? Ekuqaleni evela eNingizimu Melikalapho usengakwazi ukuhlangana noyise wakhe wasendle. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi amaNdiya asendulo aqala ukuhlakulela lesi sitshalo eminyakeni engaba ngu-14 000 edlule. Wafika eYurophu maphakathi nekhulu le-16, elalilethwa abaqashi baseSpain. Ekuqaleni izimbali zalo zahlonyelwa ngezinhloso zokuhlobisa, futhi izilimo eziyizigaxa zazisetshenziselwa ukondla izilwane. Ngekhulu le-18 kuphela kwaqala ukusetshenziswa njengokudla.
Ukuvela kwamazambane eRussia kuhlotshaniswa negama likaPetru I, ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyinto enhle kakhulu yenkantolo, hhayi umkhiqizo omkhulu.
Amazambane asakazeka kamuva engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19.. Lokhu kwakunqotshwa yi "amazambane amazambane", okubangelwa ukuthi abalimi abaphoqelelwe ukutshala amazambane ngeziyalezo zenkosi, abazi ukuthi bangadla kanjani futhi basebenzisa izithelo ezinobuthi, hhayi izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinempilo.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi amazambane atshalwa kanjani eRussia kokuqukethwe kwethu.
Siphakamisa futhi ukubukela ividiyo mayelana nomlando wamazambane:
Maka isithombe
Futhi leli yifulegi yezwe lapho baqala khona ukuhlakulela amazambane.
Izimo nezindawo zokulima
Manje amazambane angatholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi lapho kunehlabathi. Okufanele kakhulu ukukhula kanye nezitshalo eziphakeme kubhekwa njengendawo yezindawo ezifudumele, ezishisayo nezamaxhaphozi. Lesi siko sithanda isimo sezulu esibucayi, izinga lokushisa elihle lokubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa - 18-20 ° C. Ngakho-ke, emazweni ashisayo, amazambane atshalwe ezinyangeni zasebusika, nasemaphakathini aphakathi kwentwasahlobo.
Kwezinye izindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba, isimo sezulu sikwenza ukuba ukhule amazambane unyaka wonke, ngenkathi umjikelezo wamazolo unamalanga angu-90 kuphela. Ezimweni ezipholile zaseNyakatho Yurophu, isivuno ngokuvamile senziwa izinsuku ezingu-150 emva kokutshala.
Ekhulwini lama-20, iYurophu yayingumholi womhlaba ekukhiqizeni amazambane.. Kusukela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lokugcina, amazambane akhula aqala ukusakazeka emazweni aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, eNdiya naseChina. Ngama-1960, iNdiya neChina zahlanganiswa ngokukhiqiza amathani amazambane angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-16, futhi ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, i-China yaphuma phezulu, eqhubeka ibambe kuze kube manje. Ephelele, eYurophu nase-Asia, kunezilimo ezingaphezu kuka-80% kwezitshalo zomhlaba wonke ezivunwa, ne-accounting yesithathu yeChina ne-India.
Ukukhiqizwa emazweni ahlukene
Isizathu somvuno ophansi kangaka yiqiniso lokuthi ngaphezu kwama-80% amazambane aseRussia akhuliswa ngabanikazi bendawo abancane abangahleliwe. Izinga eliphansi lemishini yezobuchwepheshe, ukubamba okungavamile kwezinyathelo zokuzivikela, ukungabi nalutho lwezinto zokutshala izinga - konke lokhu kuthinta imiphumela.
Amazwe aseYurophu, eU.SA, e-Australia, eJapane bahlukaniswa ngezivuno eziphakeme. (mayelana nokuthola isivuno esihle samazambane zakuqala, funda lapha, futhi kusukela kulesi sihloko uzofunda ukuthi kufanele ukhule kahle kanjani amazambane, kanye nokutshela ngobuchwepheshe obusha bezitshalo ezinkulu ezimpande). Lokhu ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezinga eliphakeme lokusekela lobuchwepheshe kanye nekhwalithi yokutshala impahla. Irekhodi lomhlaba lomkhiqizo liseNew Zealand, lapho likwazi ukuqoqa amathani angama-50 ngehektha ngalinye.
Abaholi ekukhuleni nasekukhiqizeni
Nansi itafula elibizwa ngamazwe akhule ngezimpande ezinkulu.
| Izwe | Inani, million amathani | Indawo yokufika, amahektha ayizigidi | Ukukhiqiza, amathani / ha |
| I-China | 96 | 5,6 | 17,1 |
| I-India | 46,4 | 2 | 23,2 |
| I-Russia | 31,5 | 2,1 | 15 |
| Ukraine | 23,7 | 1,3 | 18,2 |
| E-USA | 20 | 0,42 | 47,6 |
| EJalimane | 11,6 | 0,24 | 48 |
| I-Bangladesh | 9 | 0,46 | 19,5 |
| EFrance | 8,1 | 0,17 | 46,6 |
| I-Poland | 7,7 | 0,28 | 27,5 |
| Holland | 7,1 | 0,16 | 44,8 |
Thumela
Ekuhwebeni ngamazwe omhlaba, umholi wezwe yiNetherlands, okwenza kube ngu-18% wezingqikithi ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Ezingu-70% zama-export amazwe ase-Holland amazambane aluhlaza nemikhiqizo eyenziwe kuwo..
Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli lizwe ngumhlinzeki omkhulu kunawo wonke wezambatho zamazambane eziqinisekisiwe. Kulabo abakhiqizi abathathu abakhulu kunabo bonke, kuphela i-China ephakathi kwezikhulu ezihamba phambili eziyishumi, okuyi-5 (6.1%). I-Russia ne-India cishe ayithumeleli imikhiqizo yabo.
| Izwe | Ukuthengiswa kwempahla, imali eyizigidi zamaRandi (% yezimpahla zezwe zamazwe angaphandle), 2016 |
| Holland | 669,9 (18%) |
| EFrance | 603,4 (16,2%) |
| EJalimane | 349,2 (9,4%) |
| Canada | 228,1 (6,1%) |
| I-China | 227,2 (6,1%) |
| Belgium | 210,2 (5,7%) |
| E-USA | 203,6 (5,5%) |
| I-Egypt | 162 (4,4%) |
| Great Britain | 150,9 (4,1%) |
| ESpain | 136,2 (3,7%) |
Ukusetshenziswa
Ngokusho kwezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe, cishe ama-2/3 azo zonke amazambane akhiqizwa ngesimo esisodwa noma enye idliwa ngabantu, bonke abanye bayakondla imfuyo, izidingo ezahlukene zezobuchwepheshe kanye nembewu. Endaweni yokusetshenziswa komhlaba jikelele, njengamanje kukhona ukushintsha kokudla amazambane amasha kuya ekusetshenzisweni okucutshungulwa kuwo, njengamafrimu aseFrance, ama-chips, ama-flakes amazambane aphihliwe.
- Indlela yokupaka amazambane?
- Izindlela ezingezona zendabuko zokutshala imifino engadini.
- Kungani futhi ukutshala amazambane?
- Indlela yokutshala imifino ehlathini?
- Iyini i-mulching futhi kungani kuyadingeka?
- Ngesikhathi sokunisela amazambane nokuthi ungayenza kanjani indlela yokudonsa?
- Indlela yokwenza uhlelo lwebhizinisi ekukhiqizeni imifino yezimpande ngezilinganiso zezimboni?
Emazweni athuthukile, amazambane asetshenziswa kancane kancane, kanti emazweni asathuthuka wona akhula kancane. Engabizi futhi engenakuzithoba, le mifino ikuvumela ukuba uthole isivuno esihle ezindaweni ezincane futhi unikeze ukudla okunempilo kubantu. Ngakho-ke, amazambane atshalwa ezindaweni ezinemithombo encane yomhlaba kanye nokuningi, ukwandisa indawo ekhulayo yalesi sitshalo nokwandisa indima yayo ohlelweni lwezolimo emhlabeni unyaka nonyaka.
