Indlela yokukhulisa ukhukhamba ngemiphongolo: ukutshala, ukunakekela, ukuvuna

Ukulima imifino balimi basebenzisa izindlela eziningi ezihlukahlukene ze-agrotechnical. Abanikazi beziqephu zasendlini nezinkampani ezincane ezincane zaqala ukutshala imifino kanye namakhambi ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene.

Ukutshala ukhukhamba emgqonyeni sekuyindlela ethembisayo futhi ethandwayo.

Okuqukethwe:

• Ukukhetha indawo
• Ukukhetha kwe-Tare
• Ukulungiswa komhlaba
• Iyini imbewu
• Utshala kanjani
• Ukunakekela
• Amaqabunga aphuzi
• I-ovary encane
• Ungakuqoqa kanjani

Izinzuzo

Amakhukhamba akhula emgqonyeni anezinzuzo ezimbalwa ngaphezu kokutshala okuvamile emibhedeni:

• ukugcina isikhala;
• umgqomo ungafakwa kunoma iyiphi indawo elula, ngisho nase-asphalt noma endaweni ephethwe kahle;
• ukuthola isivuno sangaphambili;
• kulula ukuhlela ukuchelela nokunakekelwa;
• ukusetshenziswa komanyolo omncane;
• ukhukhamba ihlala ihlanzekile futhi kulula ukuyiqoqa;
• Asikho isidingo sokweqa;
• ukutshala okuncane okuthintekile yizinambuzane kanye nezinhlanzi zenhlabathi;
• Le mibhobho iyihlobiso elihle legadi, uma kuhle ukupenda nokupenda.

Funda ukuthi ungakhula kanjani ukhukhamba ngamabhakede, izikhwama, i-hydroponically, efasiteleni, ebhaleni, emabhodleleni epulasitiki.

Ukukhetha indawo

Indawo yokufaka umgqomo ingcono ukukhetha ukukhanya kwelanga futhi ingabhebhethekiswa yimimoya. Ezindaweni ezishisayo ehlobo, kunconywa ukuba sikubeke eduze kwezihlahla, ukuze ngesikhathi sokushisa kwakuyoba nomthunzi okhethekile ovikela imifino eshisayo; namanje endaweni enjalo ungakwazi ukubopha ukuqhuma emagatsheni.

Ungasondeza i-gazebo noma ucingo, khona-ke iziqu zizokwazi ukuvumela i-gazebo (ucingo), eyobukeka ihlobisa.

Ukukhetha kwe-Tare

Njengesiqukathi salendlela yokulima kuyoba yinsimbi ewusizo, imiphongolo yamapulangwe noma epulasitiki enekhono lama-100-200 amalitha. Kungcono ukuba nensimbi noma izinkuni zamapulangwe angama-200 amalitha ngaphandle kwezansi noma ngemigodi nemigodi.

Amapulangwe amadala avame ukuhlangabezana nalezi zimo. Esigubheni sepulasitiki kumele senze izimbobo zokukhululwa kwamanzi amaningi.

Funda indlela yokwenza ukwelashwa ngaphambi kwenzalo, lapho utshala ukhukhamba ngezithombo, indlela yokutshala ikhukhamba izithombo.

Ukulungiswa komhlaba

Lungisa umgqomo uqale okungenani amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu. Ukwenza lokhu, lalela lezi zigaba ezilandelayo kulo:

1. Ngaphansi kwe-drainage wafaka amagatsha namatshe amatshe. Lolu ungqimba lungaba kusuka ku-1/3 kuya ku-1/2 lomthamo womgqomo.
2. Hay, amaqabunga ewashiwe ngonyaka odlule, iziqongo, ama-sawdust nezinye izidakamizwa zezitshalo enesitokisini ziboshwe ngaphezulu kwazo. Izindwangu zemfucumfucu kufanele zithweliswe ngomhlabathi kanye nesikhumbuzo (noma umquba obolile), uphuziswa ngamalungiselelo e-EM wokushisa okungcono. Lo ungqimba akufanele ufinyelele ekugcineni komgqomo ngo-40 cm.
3. Simboza inhlabathi evundile ngendwangu engama-20 cm, ukuxuba insimu neqabunga lomhlabathi ngama-humus ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo. Ungenza futhi lokhu kungqimba ngaphandle kwenhlanganisela engu-1: 1 ye-peat ne-humus.

Khona-ke kubalulekile ukumboza umgqomo ngefilimu phezulu bese ushiya amasonto ambalwa ukushisa elangeni. Emva kokukhipha ifilimu kungase kudingeke ukuba ugcwalise umchamo wezwe elivundile, njengoba ingxube kungenzeka ukuthi ixazulule. Kusukela phezulu kwenhlabathi kuya emaceleni emgqomo kufanele kushiywe ngu-15-20 cm.

Inqubo enjalo yokulungiselela inhlabathi ingenziwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ngisho nangokuwa. Khona-ke ungasebenzisa futhi umquba omusha.

Funda ziyini izici ikhukhamba emuva, Cupid, Kibria, Emerald ophahleni ecole, nenhle, Cedric, Libelle, Merengue, Fontanelle, lezimbali laseSiberia, uHector, Emerald namacici, Crispin Taganay, isithupha, Imbangi, Zozulya, Nijinsky, isiJalimane, Isibindi.

Iyini imbewu

Njengoba isitshalo sangaphambili singakhula emgqonyeni, kungcono ukhethe izinhlobonhlobo zamakhukhamba zakuqala ezinezimpande zezimbali zabesifazane. Izinhlobo zokuvuthwa ezithambile ezithela izithelo ngaphambi kwama-frost zizofaneleka, kusukela isikhathi se-fruiting yabo emgqonyeni kuyoba isikhathi eside - ukuqothula kokuqala kwenhlabathi emgqonyeni ngeke kube okwesabisa. Ama-self-pollinated noma ama-parthenocarpic hybrids azosebenza kahle, kanti ukuthola ama-ovari ngeke kuthinteke yi-vagaries yesimo sezulu. Kunconywa ukuthenga izinhlobo eziningana ezilinganayo noma izinhlamvu ezifanayo.

Ungakhetha izinhlobo ezilandelayo zamakhukhamba:

1. "Murom 36" - okuhlukahlukene okufakazelwe futhi okufakazelwe ukuthi kungakhula ngomthunzi okhethekile. Kuyinto efanelekayo salting, izithelo uvuthwe ngosuku 35-45, ukumelana frost. Izithelo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zinama-oval futhi azikho ngaphezu kuka-10 cm ubude. Kufanele zikhunjulwe ukuthi ziphenduka ngokuphuzi futhi kufanele ziqoqwe njalo.
2. "I-Temp F1" - hybrid okuyingxenye ephezulu ye-parthenocarpic ngenhlobo yesifazane yezimbali, enezitshalo ezincane (8-10 cm) zenjongo yendawo yonke. I-Zelentsy isifo sofuba esiphakathi sinombala omnyama ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka se-longitudinal elula, engqenqemeni encane, ngaphandle kokufutheka futhi ungasuki. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibekezelela ukushisa nokushisa kwezulu kanye nokushisa (kufika ku-50 ° C) futhi imelana nezifo eziningi. Isivuno sokuqala singavuna ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-43 kusukela ekukhuleni kwamahlumela.
3. "Connie F1" - i-hypernetic parthenocarpic enomkhiqizo wezinsikazi zezinsikazi kanye nesikhathi eside kakhulu se-fruiting. Izithelo zokunambitheka kakhulu, ukufutheka akusekho ngokuphelele, ungapheli, uvuthwe ngo-47-50 ngosuku. Isayizi encane (7-9 cm) banama-tubercles amhlophe njalo nomkhawulo omuhle.
4. "Othello F1" - izinhlobo zokuqala eziveza ukuphakama kwezinyosi nezinhlobo zezinsikazi ezivundiwe yizinyosi. I-Zelentsy igcwele uhlaza olukhanyayo olude olufinyelela emkhatsini wekhukhamba, kufinyelela ku-12 cm. Banamahlumela amancane esikhunjeni emaphethelweni amhlophe. Kuyafaneleka ukulondolozwa. Inyama iyamnandi, ingenazo izihlalo ezingenalutho kanye nama-crunches. Ikhulile ezinsukwini ezingu-41-45 kusukela ekuhlumeni.
5. "Phoenix" - Izinhlobonhlobo zokuvuthwa kwesikhashana zomhlaba jikelele ezinhlobonhlobo zezimbali zabesifazane, ezinamandla, zivotshwe izinyosi futhi zingathela izithelo kuze kube seqhwa. Izithelo zombala obomvu zinezimpawu zesikhumba eside futhi zine-tubercles ezinkulu ezinameva amhlophe, inyama enomzimba obukhulu, hhayi okubabayo. Izithombo zokugcina zokuvuthwa zivuthwe ezinsukwini ezingu 55-65 emva kokuhluma.

Uyazi? Ukutshala ikhukhamba ekutshalweni kokudla kwenzeka cishe eminyakeni engaba ngu-6 000 edlule. Lezi zitshalo zikhulunywa eBhayibhelini. Indawo yakithi yamakhukhamba ibhekwa njengezintaba ze-Himalaya. Lezi zitshalo zikhula lapha emvelweni.

Yiqiniso, lokhu akulona uhlu oluphelele lwezinhlobo ezingahle zikhethwe ukulima emgqonyeni. Uma usuvele unezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezivunywayo ezinhlobonhlobo zakudala zomhlaba, ungatshala imbewu yayo. Ukuze uthole isivuno esiqinile emgqonyeni, ungahlwanyela kokubili izinhlobo zokuqala neziphuzile kulo.

Utshala kanjani

Ukubeka imbewu ikhukhamba emgqonyeni kulula - asikho isidingo sokugoba futhi. Ukuze uhlwanyele kahle ukhukhamba, lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo kufanele zithathwe:

1. Ukutshala imbewu emgqonyeni kwenziwa kancane kancane kunomhlabathi, ngoba umgqomo ungagubungelwa ngesilwane.
2. Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu iyanconywa ukuba ifakwe esisombululo sosawoti ovamile (50 g ngalinye ilitha elilodwa lamanzi) ukuze ukhule imbewu engavumelekile yokutshala.
3. Ukulimaza imbewu yekhukhamba esiqandisini kukhulisa ukuqina kwabo kweqhwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bahlanganiswe ngendwangu emanzini, avunyelwe ukuvuvukala futhi bagcinwe ekushiseni kwe--2-0 ° C izinsuku ezimbili, bese behlwanyela ngokushesha. Imbewu ngesikhathi esifanayo akufanele iguqulwe.
4. Inhlabathi emgqonyeni ngaphambi kokutshala ukucwiliswa kwe-disinfection ngamanzi ashisayo noma isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate.
5. Imbewu itshalwe ibanga elingama-15 cm komunye nomunye, kuze kube ngu-2 cm. Ngokuvamile, imbewu engu-6-8 ingcwatshwe - okungaphezu kokudingekile, ngoba izithombo ezingaphezu kwalokho zingasuswa. Ngomthamo wama-200 amalitha, izitshalo ezine-4-5 zanele.
6. Ibhayili elimbozwe ngesilwane. Ezinsukwini ezifudumele zelanga, kufanele zivuleke.

Funda nge-scarification ne-stratification yezinhlamvu, ukuthi ungayilungisa kanjani inhlabathi, ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani indaba yokuhlanganisa.

Ukunakekela

Ukhukhamba udinga umswakama. Lezi zitshalo, ezitshalwe emgqonyeni, zidinga ukuchelela okuvamile, ngoba kulokhu inhlabathi ikhala ngokushesha kusukela elangeni. Ngakho-ke, ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe okungenani izikhathi ezintathu kuya ezine ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa.

Ukunisela kungenziwa ngesandla nge-canering noma nge-hose, kodwa kungcono ukwenza ukuchelela ukuchelela. Ukuphuza ukhukhamba kufanele kuthathe imfudumalo, ivikeleke ngamanzi elanga.

Ukuze inhlabathi ingabe iyomile futhi igcine umswakama isikhathi eside, ungayifeza imifino yayo. Ngalesi sizathu, ingafakwa ngotshani obunamanzi.

Nakuba inhlabathi evumise imifino isetshenziselwa ukutshala emgqonyeni, ekwenzeni ukunakekelwa kwalesi sitshalo, udinga ukwenza umanyolo owengeziwe. Enkambeni yokukhula kanye ne-fruiting, ukhukhamba unesidingo esikhulu sezinto ezimbiwa ngamaminerali kanye nezakhi zokulandelela eziwusizo, kungenjalo ukuntuleka kwabo kuzoholela ekunciphiseni ukuvunwa nokuguqulwa kokuma kwalesi semifino.

Funda indlela yokukhamba ukhukhamba ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo kanye nomhlabathi ovulekile, indlela yokulondoloza imithombo yamanzi, indlela yokudla ukhukhamba nge-iodine, imvubelo, i-peroxide, i-boric acid, i-nettle.

Ividiyo: ukunakekelwa nokudla ukhukhamba emgqonyeni Kubalulekile ukuba ugqoke ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuba izimbali zikhule, ukuze isitshalo siqine futhi kukhule ukukhula kwamaqabunga. Ngenxa yalokhu, umquba we-nitrojeni usetshenziswa emhlabathini.

Ukuze ugqoke okuphezulu, gcoba isipuni esisodwa se-urea ebhakedeni lamanzi bese uyinisela ngalesi sombululo.

Kubalulekile! Uma isithombo sekhukhamba siqina, kusho ukuthi ayinayo i-nitrogen eyanele. Kodwa ukuma kwekhukhamba, efana nepeyari, kusho ngokuntuleka kwe-potassium.

Phakathi nesikhathi sokwakheka kwezithelo, kubalulekile ukuqhuba ukondla okuphelele ohlelweni lwempande. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa amaqembu omanyolo njenge nitrogen, potash, phosphorus.

Kungcono ukushintsha phakathi kwamaminerali nezindleko zemvelo ezivela kulezi zingxenye. Ukudla kokuqala, isixazululo silungiswa kusuka ku-nitrophoska futhi sinisela kanje: 1 ilitha ngesihlahla. Ukudla okulandelayo, umanyolo wemvelo ukhethwa - 0.5 kg yenkukhu noma umquba wenkomo ufakwa ebhakede lamanzi, kanye nengilazi eyodwa yomlotha okhuni. Uma ulungiselela umanyolo obunotshani, kufanele uvuselelwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Izithako ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunconywa njengomanyolo ngesikhathi sokubunjwa kwezithelo. Ngalesi sizathu, isitsha sigcwele ukhula, utshani obunamanzi, engeza izinkukhu zezinkukhu, bese ugcwaliswa ngamanzi futhi uvumelekile ukunikeza izinsuku ezingu-12. Ngenxa yendlela yokuvuthwa, kutholakala isisindo, esakhiweni sayo esizuzayo asibi nakakhulu kunama humus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyimanyolo engokwemvelo ngokuphelele, ngokungafani namakhemikhali.

Ukhukhamba, kuhlanganise nalabo abakhulile emabhaleni, badinga i-garter. Lokhu kwenziwa nje kuphela ngokukhululeka kokunakekelwa, kepha futhi nokuvikela ngokumelene nezinambuzane eziningi ezingadluliselwa emhlabathini.

Indlela elula ye-garter yenziwe ngokufaka izinti zamapulangwe noma ipolisi yensimbi cishe ngo-2 m ukuphakama ngesiphambano esivela ngenhla phakathi kwensimbi. Bese benza ama-ray angu-5-8 futhi balungise izintambo ukuze bagcine kuzo.

Funda ukuthi ungagcoba kanjani, ubophe, ukhule egreyini lika-trellis, ususe amahlamvu emakhukhamba.

Isijeziso sekhukhamba sizogubha phezu kwebhande elide, futhi uma zifika phezulu, zakha isambulela ngokuphambana. Ukufaka ukusekelwa okuphakeme akufanelekile, ngoba kuyoba nzima ukuthola ukhukhamba ngesikhathi sokuvuna. I-Garter ikhiqizwa lapho kuvela amaqabunga angama-4-5. Kubaluleke kakhulu uma ukhathalela ukhukhamba ukwenza kahle isihlahla. Lokhu kungenziwa ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

1. Esikhathini esisodwa. Le ndlela iyathandeka ukusebenzisa ama-hybri angadingi impova ngezinyosi. Kulesi simo, kuze kube amaqabunga amahlanu okuqala ukhiqiza ukukhipha izimbali, kanye namahlumela e-lateral. Emaqabeni amahlanu alandelayo avela, amahlumela kuphela asusiwe, futhi ama-ovari akathinti. Kodwa endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha udinga ukushiya ama-stepons ambalwa ukuze wakhe imivimbo emaceleni. Bakhiqiza izintambo eziqubuzelayo, beshiya amaqabunga 3-4. Kanjalo kuvuselela ukukhula kwemivimbo yemigqa yesithathu.
2. Kustovoy. Kule ndlela, nqamula iphoyinti esiteshini esikhulu ngemuva kwamaqabunga angama-5-6 weqiniso. Lokhu kunomthelela ekubukeni kwemivimbo ye-lateral. Lezi zihlumela nazo zenza izihlahla ezinamaqabunga amahlanu ukwakha imivimbo ye-oda elinesithathu, enikeza ama-ovary amaningi. Ngenxa yalokho, isihlahla sezingubo ezingu-10-12 se-third order senziwa.

Kubalulekile! Uma ukhukhamba impova (lezi yizinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo), asifaki enye yezitshalo ezinhlanu. Inikeza inani elifanele lezimbali ezingenalutho ukuze impova ye-ovary.

Amaqabunga aphuzi

Uma ukhula ukhukhamba ungabhekana nenkinga: amaqabunga aqala ukuphuzi ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa. Lokhu kungenziwa ngenxa yezici ezilandelayo:

Funda ukuthi kungani ushiya owomile futhi uphendukile, ama-ovari, ukuthi ukwenze kanjani ngezimbali ezingenalutho, kungani ukhukhamba enomunyu.

1. Ukungabi nokukhanya. Kulesi simo, umgqomo uyiswa endaweni ekhanyisiwe. Uma ukhukhamba sezikhulile kakhulu futhi ziqhamuka emthunzini umthunzi omunye komunye, khona-ke umbhede kufanele uphonswe ngaphandle.
2. Ukuntuleka kwezakhi, ikakhulukazi i-nitrogen. Uma ukutshala umhlabathi onomsoco okwanele ukhethiwe, kuphakanyiswa ukuqhuba ukondla okwengeziwe.
3. Kunamandla okuphuza Ukuntuleka komswakama kunomthelela ekwehleni kwesitshalo nokubonakala kwe-yellowness. Kubalulekile ukuqeda ukoma kwamakhukhamba. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyisifiso sokwenza ukuchelela okungenani izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngesonto, ukukhulula nokugubha inhlabathi. Uma ukuphuza kudingeka uqiniseke ukuthi amanzi awenzi amaqabunga. Amadonsa amanzi ekhanyeni elangeni elikhanyayo angasebenza njenge-prism futhi abangela ukushisa emaqabunga, okuzoholela ekuphuzeni kwawo.
4. Amaconsi okushisa. Ukhukhamba awubekezeli ukupholisa futhi ukwehla okubukhali ekushiseni. Lezi zitshalo ezinothando lokushisa ngenxa yalesi simo kungenzeka zivele ziphuzi kumaqabunga.
5. Izifo nezinambuzane. Ukuqeda lesi sizathu sokuphuza amahlamvu, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa kanye nezindlela zokulwa nazo ngesikhathi esifanele.

Funda indlela yokwelapha ukhukhamba ezifweni, ulahlwe izinambuzane.

I-ovary encane

Uma kukhona i-ovary encane nezimbali eziningi ezingenalutho kumakhukhamba, ukubonakala kwesimo esinjalo kunesibalo sezizathu ezilandelayo:

• izici ze-varietal. Izinhlobo eziningi zezimbali ezingenalutho - lena imbali yesilisa ebonakala ngaphambi kwabesifazane. Izimbali zomama zizohamba ngemivimbo emaceleni yesibili nesithathu. Ngakho-ke, i-varietal ukhukhamba kufanele iphoqelele ukusheshisa ukuvela kwamacala amahlumela;
• ukweqa ngokweqile kwe-nitrogen ne-phosphorus. Ukuqeda lesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukukhipha lo manyolo ekudleni. Ungakhohlwa ngama-fertilizer ngokuba khona kwe-phosphorus ne-potassium;
• imbewu encane. Imbewu esetshenzisiwe yonyaka wokuqala wesitoreji, noma ayifudumise ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Kungcono ukuhlwanyela imbewu emva konyaka wesibili wesitoreji. Uma usebenzisa imbewu yezinhlamvu, khona-ke ngeke kube khona izinkinga nge-ovary;
• izimo zezulu. Ukushisa kakhulu noma, ngokuphambene, isimo sezulu esibanda futhi sezulu asimnandi ngokuthola ama-ovari. Uma kwenzeka ilanga elinamandla, umgqomo okhukhamba unconywa ukuba ubeke umthunzi obala. Ukusebenzisa ama-self-pollinating noma i-parthenocarpic hybrids kuzokuvumela ukuba uzimele ngezimo zezulu kanye nezinambuzane zokuvotela.

Funda ukuthi ngosizo lwamakhambi omuntu ukuvikela ukhukhamba ezivela emanzini ahlukahlukene, indlela yokubhekana nama-aphid, midges, isikhutha se-powdery, i-peronsporosis, izinambuzane zesicabucabu ngamakhukhamba.

Ungakuqoqa kanjani

Isikhathi esimnandi kakhulu ekutshalweni kwamakhukhamba - ukuvunwa. Lapho ukhukhamba oqoshiwe etshalwe emabhaleni, asikho isidingo sokugoba. Kulula ukufika ehlathini nalezi zitshalo kunoma yiluphi uhlangothi, kanti ukhukhamba zibonakala ngokucacile.

Uyazi? Ikhukhamba umkhiqizo ophansi wekhalori ofakiwe ekudleni okuningi. I-95% yayo iqukethe amanzi, ngakho-ke 1 kg iqukethe kuphela i-kcal 150.

Uma uqoqa ukhukhamba, kufanele ulandele lezi zeluleko kusuka kubalimi abanolwazi:

• kungcono ukuvuna lezi zitshalo nsuku zonke noma zonke izinsuku - lokhu kunomthelela ekwakhekeni okusheshayo kwezithelo ezintsha;
• imifino ngokwayo inconywa ukuba ikhwekwe ngezikhali, ukuze ingalimazi ukuqhuma nokuvota;
• ukhukhamba enezibonakaliso ze-deformation noma izifo kufanele zisuswe nakanjani ukuze zingabonakali izithelo ezingomakhelwane zisongela lesi sifo;
• Ukuvuna, kungcono ukusebenzisa ekuseni noma kusihlwa, uma kungekho ukushisa okuqinile.

Ukukhukhamba ukhukhamba emgqonyeni akuyona neze nzima, ngisho nokulula futhi okuncane kunenkinga kunendawo evulekile. Iziqukathi ezinjalo zizosiza ukusindisa isikhala esakhiweni futhi ubheke ezithakazelisayo kakhulu emibhalweni yokuhlobisa. Le ndlela yokulima izokwamukeleka kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile abayingozi ukuguqa. Kudingekile kuphela ukukhetha umgqomo olungile kanye nendawo yokufakwa kwayo, ukwenza inhlanganisela yenhlabathi, ukutshala ukhukhamba nokuzinakekela kahle - futhi ngeke ushiye ngaphandle kwesitshalo.

Indlela yokukhulisa ukhukhamba emgqonyeni: ukubuyekezwa