Ukuvunwa okuhle kwama-apula kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, noma kunjalo, ukugcinwa okusheshayo kwayo yonke imithetho ngeke kuqinisekise ukwanda kwesivuno.
Into ebalulekile ukulungiswa kwentwasahlobo kwezihlahla zezithelo, njengesifutho sokuvimbela nokuqothula, esivikela izihlahla ze-apula ezifweni ezingaba khona nezinambuzane eziyingozi.
Izigaba kanye nemibandela yokucubungula kwentwasahlobo yezihlahla ze-apula ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni
Ukufafaza izihlahla zama-apula ngumzuzu obalulekile, ongavumeli nje kuphela ukuvikela nokukhulisa izitshalo ezizayo, kepha futhi nokuzivikela ezilwanyaneni ezahlukahlukene. Abalimi abaqeqeshiwe bacubungula izingadi ngezigaba ezi-4, enezizathu eziningi ezibalulekile:
- izinambuzane ezingalimaza izihlahla zezithelo azivuki ngasikhathi sinye;
- Izifo zokukhunta nazo zenzeka ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zonyaka.
Ukulandela lezi zizathu, ukufafaza kwenziwa ngezigaba eziningana, kuye ngesimo somuthi. Icubungulwa ngu:
- amagatsha angenalutho;
- izinso zokulala;
- izihlahla eziqhakazayo;
- amaqanda amancane lapho nje izimbali zisuka.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa:
- isikhunta. Lezi yizinto ezikhethekile ezisetshenziselwa ukulwa nezifo ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo;
- izinambuzane. Le mishanguzo isetshenziselwa ukubulala izinambuzane.
Lezi zinto zingaba zamakhemikhali noma zemvelo. Ezangaphambili zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi be-amateur. Iqiniso ngukuthi umuthi wabo osebenzayo uqala ukwenza izinto ngokushesha okukhulu kunozakwabo ophilayo. Naphezu komsuka wayo owesabekayo wamakhemikhali, lokhu kuvame ukuphela kwendlela yokwenza ngokushesha inkathazo ebulala isihlahla ngokungafanele. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kwezihlahla zama-apula entwasahlobo akunangozi ngokuphelele kubantu. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwesivuno, imithi yokubulala izinambuzane esetshenziselwa ukulapha izihlahla igqekeza ngokuphelele izakhi zomkhondo futhi ayikwazi ukungena emzimbeni womuntu.
Sebenzisa noma yini, ikakhulukazi imvelaphi yamakhemikhali, kubaluleke kakhulu ukucubungula umthamo. Iqiniso ngukuthi ukungalandeli imigomo nezincomo emiyalweni nakupakisho kungaholela ekushisweni ngamaqabunga amancane nezimbali, okuzoholela nasekulahlekelweni kwesivuno.
Amakhambi emvelo nawabantu angasebenza kuphela ezimweni lapho isifo sesitshalo sincane kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwazo kusebenza inani elincane lezilokazane ezitshalweni noma uma indawo ethintekile incane kakhulu.
Isigaba sokuqala sokucutshungulwa
Umlimi ngamunye ngokuzimela ukhetha umzuzu ofanele kakhulu wokufafazwa kokuqala kwezihlahla zeapula. Imvamisa, kufanele iqalwe ngesimo sezulu esomile esomile, lapho izinga lokushisa ledlula +5 ° C, akukho qhwa, kepha amaqabunga emagatsheni awakavuvukali.
Ukufafazwa kokuqala kwamagatsha angenalutho ezihlahla zama-apula kuyadingeka ukuvikela lesi sihlahla ezinsolweni zezifo zokukhunta eziqhutshwa umoya. Ukwelashwa kokuqala akubhubhisi ngokuphelele zonke izingxabano, kepha kubambezela kakhulu ukukhula kwabo.
Ama-neoplasms we-Fungal abhujiswa yile mithi elandelayo:
- Ingxube ye-3% ye-lime ne-sulfate yethusi. Lapho ulungiselela, kubalulekile ukulandela zonke izincomo nemiyalo ngendlela efanele. Ngaphandle kwalokho, le ngxubevange izovaniswa ngokungalungile futhi ingeke yenze okubi ezifweni zokukhunta;
- vitriol;
- chorus;
- I-Urea + sulfate yethusi.
Ukulungiswa kwengxube yokugcina kudinga amalitha ama-5 amanzi ashisayo, i-350 g ye-urea (urea), 25 g ye-vitriol (sulfate yethusi). Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ashisayo kungenxa yokuthi kusheshisa kakhulu ukuchithwa kwezithako. Isixazululo esiphelile kumele sihlungwe bese sisetshenziswa njengezindlela zokufafaza engadini. I-Copper kulesixazululo iyisivikelo sesitshalo ezifweni zezifo, kanti u-urea ufaka ingadi, uvikele izihlahla Lokhu kuphathwa kubambezela kakhulu inqubo yezimbali yensimu. Kubalulekile ukucubungula lo mzuzu - izihlahla zama-apula ziyaqhakaza ngesonto elizayo kunezivande ezingalinywanga. Ukuthuthuka okunjalo kwemicimbi kugwema ukufa kwesitshalo ngenxa yamaqhwa okuqala okungazelelwe.
Abalimi abaningi bakholelwa kufanele ukuthi ukufafaza nge-sulfate yethusi kungaba yingozi emzimbeni womuntu. Ukulungiselela okuqukethe isigaxa kubhekwa njengengozi, kepha ukuphatha izihlahla zisencane, ikakhulukazi uma izithelo zingakaqali ukubeka, ngeke kube nomthelela omubi. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwesilimo se-apula, ithusi ligezwa ngokuphelele, okwenza ukusetshenziswa kwalo kuphephe ngokuphelele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanelekile ukucabanga ukuthi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo azikho izinto ezisebenzayo ngaphandle kwe-zethusi ne-iron sulfate. Ngenkathi ebandayo, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphilayo kuyinto engenamsebenzi ngokuphelele - ukufafaza izihlahla ngemikhiqizo yemvelo entwasahlobo yokuqala ngeke kulethe imiphumela, ngoba azisebenzi emazingeni okushisa aphansi.
Isigaba sesibili sokusebenza
Ukucutshungulwa okwalandela kwezihlahla ze-apula kwenzeka ngokuzayo, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya likulesi sifunda + 10 ... +15 ° C.
Ngemuva kokwelashwa kokuqala, kudlula cishe amasonto ama-2. Ama-buds ezihlahleni aqala ukuvuvukala ngentshiseko, kepha futhi lesi yisikhathi sokuqala komsebenzi wezinambuzane eziyingozi. Ukufafaza kwesibili kuzovumela hhayi kuphela ukulwa nezifo zokukhunta, kepha futhi kumise nezinambuzane ezisendleleni yokuqhakaza okumnandi kokuqhakaza. Kungakho ingxube yama-fungicides (izidakamizwa zokubhujiswa kwezifo zokukhunta) nama-insecticides asetshenziselwa ukulwa nezinambuzane eziyingozi asisebenzisela yona.
Isitha esiyingozi kunazo zonke esihlahleni se-apula esiqhakazayo yisidleke sezinyosi se-apula. Ingena phakathi kwembali engakaqhakaza futhi ibeke amaqanda kuyo. Izibungu ezibunjiwe zinamathisela amacembe ezimbali ngenqwaba ekhethekile enamathelayo, zihlala ngaphakathi futhi zidle ujusi wesitshalo. Akunakwenzeka ukuba ubasuse kuze kube yilapho uqobo lwabo bephuma endaweni yabo yokuhlala ethembekile. Izimbali lapho izinambuzane zahlala khona, vele, ngeke zilethe isivuno, zibukeka zomile futhi zimnyama.
Ungabhubhisa imbhungane yezimbali ngosizo noma yikuphi ukubulala izinambuzane kanye nengxube yazo ngama-fungicides:
- Fufanon;
- Isinqumo;
- Inhlansi;
- Intavir;
- I-Tanrecom
- I-1% ye-Bordeaux ewuketshezi (isisombululo kufanele sibe yi-1%. Ukuxineka okuphezulu kungashisa amaqabunga amancane, okuzosithinta kabi isimo sesihlahla sonke);
- Horus + Decis (Karbofos, Aktara).
Ukwelashwa kwesithathu
Lesi sigaba sibizwa nangokuthi "Nge-rose bud". Lokhu kwelashwa kuhloswe ngakho ukuthi kuliwe nenundu elimnyama.
Iqiniso ngukuthi lesi sinambuzane sigcina amaqanda sisebenza eduze noma kwi-bud engakaqinisekisiwe. Ingena imbali, inundu ligcina ukubulala isivuno esizayo, esibonakala kuphela ekwindla, ngesikhathi sokuqoqa kwalo. Ukuze ungashiywa ngaphandle kwama-apula, kufanele usebenzise ingxube yezixazululo zama-fungicides nama-insecticides kuma-buds, lapho sele avele, kepha engakaqali.
Ngesikhathi sokufafaza, akufanele usindise isisombululo - asisetshenziswanga kuphela kumagatsha, kodwa futhi emhlabathini ozungeze isiqu, ngaphakathi komthamo we-1 imitha. Kufanelekile futhi ukunaka ezinye izihlahla ezinezithelo kanye nezihlahla ezitholakala eduze kwesihlahla seapula.
Izinambuzane zingasuka kubo zisuka emagatsheni esihlahla sama-apula, nazo ezizothinta kabi isivuno esizayo. Kubalulekile ukunaka iqiniso lokuthi ekushiseni okuphezulu ngokwanele emgwaqweni, amalungiselelo amaningi emvelo, afana neFitoverm neFitoksibacillin alahlekelwa yizindawo zawo ekushiseni okungaphezulu kuka-+10 ° C.
Ukusebenza kwesine
Isigaba sokugcina nesokugcina sokufafaza sisetshenziswa ngemuva kokuqhakaza, lapho amaqanda amancane efinyelela ngosayizi wepayi omncane. Ukuze uthole lokhu, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa isixazululo se-2 g se-actara (insecticide) no-2 g weSkor (isikhunta) kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Ukucutshungulwa okunjalo kwenziwa kuwo wonke umuthi - amahlamvu, amagatsha kanye nombuthano wesihlahla.
UMnu Summer umhlali uxwayisa: izici zokucubungula amadala (amadala) nezihlahla ezincane zeapula
Vele, isihlahla sezithelo zabantu abadala kufanele sifetshiswe ngokwemithetho yonke, ngezigaba ezi-4 entwasahlobo. Izithombo ezincane ezingakakhiqizi futhi ukuqhakaza, zidinga ukucutshungulwa okungaphansi. Izitshalo ezinjalo azihehi kangako ekuheheni izinambuzane eziyingozi, ezisiza kakhulu umsebenzi wensimu. Kuzo izihlahla ezinjengama-apula, izigaba ezintathu kuphela ezizokwanela, ezibandakanya ukucutshungulwa:
- emagatsheni angenalutho;
- on Isigaxa eluhlaza;
- ngemuva kwezimbali.
Amathiphu wokusingatha izihlahla zama-apula entwasahlobo
Ngaphambi kokufafaza izihlahla ze-apula ngokuqondile nokulungisa isixazululo, kufanele wazi amaphuzu athile abalulekile:
- I-Copper sulfate ixhumana kabi ne-iron, ngakho-ke lapho ulungiselela isisombululo, ungasebenzisi izinto zensimbi. Izinduku zepulasitiki nezokhuni zilungele ukuhlanganiswa, futhi isisombululo sigcinwa kangcono esitsheni sengilazi.
- Akunakwenzeka ukuqothula zonke izinambuzane. Uma kusetshenzwa ngokuya nge “cone eluhlaza”, kungenzeka ukuthi izinambuzane eziningi ezilele emagxolo ezihlahla ziqhubeke ziphila futhi, ngemuva kokuvuka, zizoqhubeka zilimaze izihlahla zezithelo ze-apula. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuphinda unikeze izinto zokuhliselwa okungezansi kakade ngemuva kokuba amaqabunga aqhakazile.
- Lapho uxova i-iron sulfate, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi inempahla yokuthi i-oxid isheshe ngokwanele. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kugcinwe zonke izakhiwo ezizuzisayo, inani elincane le-citric acid kufanele lingezwe kwikhambi.
- Ngesikhathi sokucubungula ingadi yezithelo ye-apula, ungakhohlwa ngokuvikela kwakho! Kubalulekile ukuthi isixazululo sokufafaza singatholi kolwelwesi lwe-mucous lwekhala, amehlo nomlomo. Uma kwenzeka uthintana, thambisa isikhumba ngamanzi agobhozayo bese uthintana nodokotela.
