Amakhowe aseMokruhi: i-spruce, ibonakale, ipephu, i-pink

I-Mokruhi umndeni ohlukile wamakhowe adlekayo, okungawuthandwa kakhulu, futhi ayadla ukudliwa. Kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yokubukeka okungavamile noma ukungazi kwabantu abaningi, lapho bebona i-mokruhi ehlathini, bayithatha ukuze babe yizinhlayiya. Namuhla sizobheka izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamanzi, incazelo yazo, izindawo zokukhula, ukuze esikhathini esizayo kube lula ukuthi uzibone.

Izici ezijwayelekile zomndeni

Umndeni wakwa mokrukh uhlanganisa i-Hrohomfus ne-genus Homfidius. Lezi amakhowe zibizwa ngokuthi i-Mokruhi ngenxa yokuthi zinezici ezikhethekile zokuzivikela nge-membrane ye-mucous, ngakho-ke ama-caps abo ahlale emanzi futhi esheshayo.

I-mucous ifilimu ephawulekayo yefilimu ye-mokrukha encane, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iphula futhi iqhubekele emlenzeni.

I-mokrukh iyi-fungal lamellar, amacwecwe atshalwe nge-gap enkulu kakhulu, ama-branched ahla e-pedicle anama-whitish, okuyinto ekukhuleni kwe-fungus iba mnyama. I-mokruhi encane ekhonjiswe yi-convex noma i-caps, ekhuphuka phansi futhi ecindezelekile phakathi, enamasimu aphansi.

Umbala uncike kulolu hlobo futhi ungaba mnyama, umbala obomvu, obomvu, obomvana. Umlenze we-Leg mokhihi unesihluthulelo, esisezingeni eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-cap iba emhlophe.

Izinhlobo ezimanzi

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemvula, phakathi kwazo ezinezinhlobo ezine ezijwayelekile kakhulu futhi zithandwa phakathi kwabaqoqi be-mushroom:

• ukunamathisela (i-spruce);
• okubomvu (uphayini);
• i-mucous (spotty);
• pink

Cabangela incazelo yezinhlobo ngayinye ngokuningiliziwe.

U-spruce

Lolu hlobo luvame kakhulu, lubizwa ngokuthi i-mokruha enamathele.

I-hat. I-spruce mokruhi cap ine-3.5 kuya ku-13 cm ububanzi, obhekene nesimo se-hemispherical, emaphethelweni ayo aqhutshelwa kakhulu emlenzeni. Njengoba i-mokruhi ikhula, i-cap iyakwazi ukucabanga, futhi esigabeni sokugcina sokukhula ithola isakhiwo esicwebezelekile, sicindezelwe phakathi, endaweni yokunamathisela ku-pedicle. I-cap ine-surface ebushelelezi, ehlanganiswe nefilimu enamandla. Ngenkambiso yokukhula, ifilimu yehla. Umbala we-cap uyimpunga, i-gray-blue noma i-grey-brown, kamuva iba yilaphuzi emaphethelweni, i-middle fade. Esigabeni sokugcina sokukhula, amachashazi amnyama avela kwi-cap. Isikhumba sinobukhulu futhi susiwe kahle ku-cap ngokunyakaza okukodwa.

Uyazi? E-Switzerland, umswakama watholakala cishe eminyakeni engu-1000 ubudala. I-mycelium yakhe itholakala kumahektha angu-35 epaki kazwelonke.

Amarekhodi. Amacwecwe aphihliwe, ahlanganiswe ngokuqinile futhi aphezulu kakhulu, angaba ngu-6 mm ububanzi. Inombolo yabo ngayinye ingamamitha angaphezu kwezingu-10. Amacwecwe angamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kancane kancane eba mnyama futhi abe mnyama. Amapuleti amakhowe angaphezulu amelelwa umthunzi omnyama omnyama.

Umlenze. Umlenze we-fungus ukhula phezulu-kusuka ku-6 kuya ku-8 cm, ububanzi kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-2, u-5 cm, ubukhulu emahoreni amancane, emva kwesikhathi kuthatha isimo se-silinda. Ubuso buhlanganiswe nezikali ezimnyama ezimnyama, ezibonakala ngombala ompunga, esisekelweni umthunzi ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ophuzi ubonakala. Emlenzeni kukhona indandatho engavamile ye-mucus, eyancipha ngesikhathi.

Inyama. I-fungus iyinhle kakhulu, inyama yayo iyinkimbinkimbi, umbala wayo ulula, kancane ukhilimu, uma usikwa uba mnyama. Amakhowe amadala abhekwa umbala ompunga wenyama. Ukunambitheka kuyamnandi, kunomsindo olula, amanothi amuncu, iphunga aliyona impela imizwa, amakhowe.

Kuphi okukhulayo. I-spruce moorie ivame ukutholakala e-coniferous, ngesihlahla sase-spruce noma ehlathini elixubekile, likhetha ukukhula ngaphakathi kwe-moss, phakathi kwe-heather, phansi kwehlathi. Lolu hlobo lwamakhowe lwasakazwa kabanzi enyakatho nasezindaweni zaseRussia.

Isikhathi se-spruce ukukhula komkhumbi: July-Okthoba.

Kungenzeka yini ukuba udle. I-mushroom ihlelwa njengezidliwayo (isigaba 4). Ngaphambi kokudla i-mokruhu ngaphambilini obekwe ukwelashwa okushisa.

Kubalulekile! Ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu, i-fungus ithola umbala omnyama, kodwa lokhu akuthinti ukunambitheka kwayo kanye nenani lomsoco.

I-Spotty

Loluhlobo lwe-mokruuha lunosayizi oluncane, lukhula ngamaqembu.

I-hat. I-mokrukha esetshenzisiwe ibonakala nge-cap encane (ububanzi bayo buvela ku-3 kuya ku-7 cm); kubamele abasha balezi zinhlobo i-convex, ngemva kwesikhathi esithatha isithwathwa. Kusenhla kwekhanda limbozwe ngendwangu encane ye-mucus. I-cap ishelelezi, i-gray-ocher noma i-gray-brown inombala ngezindawo ezincane ezimnyama. Amarekhodi. Amapulethi avela kulabo abamele lolu hlobo lombala okhanda ukhilimu, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bathola i-tint engcolile. Phakathi kwamacwecwe yizikhala ezinkulu kakhulu.

Umlenze. Umlenze we-mokruhi ngokuphakama kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-11 cm no-2 cm ubukhulu, isiginci, ngendandatho ye-mucus ngaphansi kwe-cap. Umbala wemilenze unomusa, uhlanganiswe namabala amancane amnyama, aphuzi phansi.

Inyama. Inyama yalolu hlobo lombala we-ukhilimu iba obomvu uma kunqunywa. Inqubo yokukhula kwefungus iba mbala okhanyayo. I-mokrukha inesici, insimu epholile emunwe, ukunambitheka okumnandi.

Kuphi okukhulayo. I-fungus itholakala e-spruce noma emahlathini ahlanganisiwe, ikhetha izindawo ezinenani elikhulu le-moss noma izihlahla, ikakhulu ezindaweni lapho umswakama ugxila khona. Lezi zinhlobo zisakazwa kabanzi kulo lonke elase-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika.

Isikhathi sokukhula se-mokruhi: July-Okthoba.

Kungenzeka yini ukuba udle. Amakhowe angadliwa, kodwa kufanele aqale ukuphathwa ngokushisa.

I-Purple

Lezi zinhlobo nazo zibizwa ngokuthi i-membrane yamangqamuzana, i-shiny mokruha, noma i-yellowstone ebomvu yethusi.

I-hat. Isigqoko esinamamitha angu-4 kuya kwangu-12, emasinini amancane, sinobuciko, senziwe, sinekhamera yewebhu efana nomthunzi omnyama omnyama. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ithola isakhiwo esicwebezelayo noma esicwebezelayo nge-tubercle encane phakathi nendawo kanye nemiphetho eqinile. I-peel ekhanda ibushelelezi, ne-glitter, ngoba i-mushroom encane ibhekwa ifilimu enamandla kakhulu. I-cap ingaba mnyama, i-pinkish ekuqaleni kokukhula kwe-fungus, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iba umbala omnyama ogcwele.

Amarekhodi. Amacwecwe ane-arcuate shape, atholakale kude kakhulu komunye nomunye, aqoshiwe emgqeni we-ocher-pink noma umbala, ngenkathi aphendulela ama-purplish-brownish, ekupheleni kokuvuthwa aba mnyama, cishe abamnyama.

Uyazi? I-boletus enkulu kunazo zonke zitholakale e-USA ngo-1985: yayinesisindo esingama-140 kg, futhi ebhincini yafinyelela kumamitha amabili.

Umlenze. Le ngxenye ye mokruhi ayikho isikhathi eside kwezinye izinhlobo, ukuphakama kwayo kuvela ku-5 kuya ku-8 cm, ubukhulu-kusuka ku-0.5 ukuya ku-2 cm, ngesimo se-cylinder, ngokuvamile ijika. Ngaphansi kwekhanda ku-stem kukhona indandatho ye-mucus, engabonakali kangako njengoba i-fungus ikhula. Umbala wemilenze eduze kwesikhumba isibomvu, isisekelo sibonakala ngombala ophuzi ophuzi.

Inyama. I-Mokruhah pulp inombala ophuzi obomvu, iphunga nokunambitheka komnene. Uma usika i-mushroom, inyama iba i-pink egcwele.

Kuphi okukhulayo. Kukhona amakhowe emahlathini ase-coniferous namaxube, ezindaweni eziphakeme, ngokuvamile eseduze nemithi yephayini. Ikhula kahle emhlabathini we-calcareous. I-Mokruha ebomvu isakazeke e-Eurasia (enyakatho).

Isikhathi sokukhula: Agasti-Okthoba. Kungenzeka yini ukuba udle. I-Mokruhu purple iwuhlobo lwe-fungus eyaziwa kakhulu engxenyeni yesine. Kungadliwa ngemva kokuphathwa okushisa okuncane. Ukunambitheka kufana ne-boletus, ngesikhathi sokupheka, i-mushroom ifakwe ngombala obomvu, ngenxa yokuthi ithole igama elinjalo.

Thola ukuthi yiziphi izinto eziwusizo ezifana nama-mushroom, ama-cheeses, ama-mushroom ama-shiitake, amakhowe ase-reishi, amaloli amhlophe, izingulube, amakhowe, amakhowe, amakhowe, ama-mushroom, ama-mushrooms, ama-boletus nama-mushroom.

Pink

Kuyizinhlobo ezingavamile zezilwane ezimanzi, okuyinto encane kunazo zonke izinhlobo ezibhekene nazo.

I-hat. Ikhanda lalezi zinhlobo likhula kusuka ku-3 ukuya ku-6 cm, linomumo we-hemispherical, okuyinto ehlabayo ngesikhathi sokukhula. Le nsiwa yama-mushroom ihlanganiswe nengqimba elincane le-mucus, eligcina liqhuma emlenzeni. Umbala we-cap u-pink-coral, ngekhathi kuba yitini, phakathi nendawo - iphelile. Amarekhodi. Amacwecwe asezingeni elide kakhulu, ngesikhathi sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kwefungus abhalwe ngombala omhlophe, kodwa emva kwesikhathi baba yimfucumfucu noma imfucuza emnyama.

Umlenze. Le ngxenye yefungus isukela phezulu kuya ku-2 kuya ku-8 cm phezulu futhi isuka ku-1 kuya ku-2.5 cm ubukhulu, ngesimo somgqomo, ngokuvamile igobile, i-cream-white-color in color, ngokuvamile i-pinkish. I-ring encane ye-mucus ibanjwe phezulu kunyawo.

Inyama. Inyama ibhekwa umbala omhlophe, uma inqunywe, iba pink. Iphunga elimnandi elizwakalayo, ukunambitheka kancane kancane, elimnandi.

Uyazi? Izakhi zofuzo zefungal zisondelene nabantu kunokuba zitshale izakhi zofuzo.

Kuphi okukhulayo. I-fungus ihlelwe endaweni ye-ephasia yase-Eurasian, ngezinye izikhathi ingatholakala ehlathini le-coniferous eduze nezintaba. Isikhathi sokukhula: Agasti-Okthoba.

Kungenzeka yini ukuba udle. I-mokruukh ye-Pink evunyelwe ukuyisebenzisa, kodwa ayithandeki phakathi kwabaqoqi be-mushroom, njengoba engavamile. Njengazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zamanzi amanzi, ama-pink afuna ukwelashwa okuphambi kokushisa ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.

Indlela yokusebenzisa amakhowe ekuphekeni

Nakuba i-mocrux engavamile etafuleni lomuntu ojwayelekile, iyakuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabaqoqi be-mushroom, njengoba banambitha omuhle futhi akudingi ukupheka isikhathi eside.

I-Mokruhi ingadliwa isilisiwe, ifutshiwe, ibhakwe, ifakwe usawoti, iqoshiwe.

Funda kabanzi mayelana namaqoqo, ukukhethwa, ukomisa namaqanda amaqanda.

Zisetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-sauces, isobho, izitsha eziphambili, ama-saladi, ama-omelets, ama-sandwich, akhonzwa njengendwangu ehlangothini eya ezitsha ezihlukahlukene. Ngaphambi kokupheka, lawa amakhowe kumele ahlanwe kusuka embhedeni wamangqamuzana, angonakalisa ukunambitheka kwesidlo, okwakhiwa "umsizi" ongathandeki.

Ukuze usheshe ukubhekana nomsebenzi wokuhlanza, udinga ukugeza amakhowe kahle ngaphansi kwamanzi abandayo, bese usika amakhowe ngommese obukhali bese ugawula imaski enamathele emotweni nasemilenzeni. Ngemuva kokuhlanza, amakhowe ahlanza futhi, ngalesi sikhathi ngokucophelela, njengoba i-moor ikhula ngokuyinhloko emhlabathini onesihlabathi futhi isihlabathi esikhulu sinqwaba phansi, okuyinto enzima kakhulu ukuyigeza.

Kubalulekile! Uma uhlela ukuthola gazinga noma ubhaka amakhowe, awudingi ukuwabilisa kusengaphambili. Kudingeka ukupheka i-mokru hhayi isikhathi eside ukuze ungadli ukunambitheka kwesidlo esizayo. Kuyoba nokwelashwa okwanele kwemizuzu engu-15-30.

Ingabe kukhona inzuzo emanzini

Ekubunjweni kwezimonyo zanamuhla zengcweti njengenye yezingxenye ngezinye izikhathi kungatholakala ukukhishwa okumanzi, okungeziwe ku-creams kanye namaski esikhumba esikhulayo. Izikhwama ezisekelwe kuzo zingenza isikhumba sibe bushelelezi, sinakekele futhi sinwebeka, ama-pores amancane. Isikhumba ngesikhathi esisodwa siba yi-opaque, umbala uyabonakala, imibimbi emihle ifakwe kahle.

Umphumela omuhle we-decoction on izinwele nawo uyaqaphela. Ngokusebenzisa njalo lezo zimali, izinwele ziba namandla, zithole ukukhanya okunempilo, ziyashesha ukukhula kwazo.

Kwezinye izinhlobo ze-moorky, okuqukethwe kwezinto eziyingqayizivele, okuvame ukusetshenziselwa izinhloso zemithi yokwenza ama-antibiotics, itholakala. Kukhona futhi izindlela eziningi zokupheka ngemithi yendabuko usebenzisa i-mokrukh njengengxenye enkulu yomuthi. Ngokuvamile kuyinhlanganisela yotshwala noma amafutha okugcoba okusebenza kahle ngezifo zesikhumba, i-sinusitis, ukuzivikela komzimba obuthakathaka, ukuleleka, nokugoma okungapheli.

I-Mokrukhi ifakwe kahle umzimba, ngokungafani namanye amakhowe athandwayo, ngakho-ke bayanconywa ukuba badliwe ngesikhathi sokudla okuqinile - ukuze ukwazi ukugcwalisa umzimba ngokushesha, unciphise umuzwa wendlala, okwenza kube nokulahleka kwesisindo esiphumelelayo.

Abantu abafuna ukunciphisa umzimba, kudingeka uhlanganise nokudla kwakho: i-lagenaria, imbewu yefilakisi, isithombo esimhlophe, u-squash, i-cress, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, isithombo, isipinashi, i-savoy noma i-cauliflower.

Ngakho, i-mokruhi inezinhlobo eziningi ezidliwayo. Into esemqoka ukukhumbula izici ezikhethekile zohlobo ngalunye, ukuhlukanisa kahle nokugcina yonke imininingwane yokupheka, ukuze uthole isidlo esihlwabusayo nesiphephile.