Noma yikuphi umlimi wezinkukhu oqalayo kufanele alungiselele ukuthi izinyoni ezikhulile zothando azikho isizathu sokuthatha isifo esithile futhi ziqale ukufa ngokuqondile phambi kwamehlo ethu. Akumangalisi ukuhlakanipha okuthandwayo kuthi: izinkukhu ekubalweni kokuwa. Kodwa inkinga ayiyona nje kuphela leyozinkukhu ezijwayele inombolo enkulu yezifo eziyingozi, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi uma ezinye zazo zibikezela izimpawu, ziyatholakala kalula futhi ziphakamisa i-algorithm yokwelapha ecacile, abanye bahlala befihliwe isikhathi eside futhi bazibonakalisa ngokwabo uma ukutheleleka kuye kwathinta yonke imfuyo. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokubhekana nezifo ezinjalo ukuvimbela, kodwa ukwazi ukuthi kwenzekani enyoni yakho nokuthi ungayisindisa kanjani kusadingeka.
I-coccidiosis (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-emiriosis), okuzoxoxwa ngezansi, ingenye yezo zifo ezinzima ukuthola, kunzima nakakhulu ukwelapha, kodwa kungavinjelwa uma wazi ukuthi isifo nokuthi kungani kwenzeka.
Coccidiosis: incazelo yesifo
Ngakho-ke, uma sikhuluma ngalokho okuyi-coccidiosis, okokuqala kudingeka ujwayelane ne-pathogen yayo. Kuyinto i-parasite elula yama-single, ukuzalanisa ngokushesha futhi okukwazi ukumboza insimu enkulu ngesikhathi esifushane futhi ukushaya izinyoni eziningi kakhulu.
I-Coccidia ingena emzimbeni wezinkukhu ngokudla noma ngamanzi, okuyinto futhi, amaqanda angama-parasite angathola emanzini wezilwane ezithathelwanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-coccidia ingena emathunjini, lapho, lapho ikhululekile khona emaqanda, ihlasela amangqamuzana (kaningi kaningi kwenzeka engxenyeni engaphambili yesigaba esincane, kaningi emkhakheni we-rectum noma i-cecum) futhi iqala ukukhuphula ngamandla, okuholela esikhathini esithile ezinkukhu, ukugaya kungaphumeleli ngokuphelele, izakhi azange zisetshenziswe ngumzimba, ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi, ukulahleka kwegazi okunzima kakhulu, futhi ikakhulukazi okwesabisa, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela singasebenzi kahle.
Kubalulekile! Inyoni ephethwe yi-coccidiosis cishe ilahlekelwa ukuphikisana kwayo nezinye izifo eziyingozi futhi ingaphansi kwengozi eyanda kakhulu.
I-coccidiosis yezinkukhu iyisifo esivamile kakhulu, futhi kunezizathu ezinengqondo zalokhu. Iqiniso liwukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinambuzane zalesi sifo, futhi uma ubona futhi uphulukisa ngempumelelo izinyoni zakho ngokucindezeleka okukodwa ngesikhathi, lokhu ngeke neze kubasindise ekubeni bangenwe yilinye isifo.
Uyazi? Ososayensi baye bachaza izinhlobo eziyishumi nanye ze-coccidia (Eimeria) ezithinta izinkukhu zasekhaya, ezivame kakhulu phakathi kwazo ziyi-Eimeria Tenella, i-Emeria Nekatrix, i-Emeria Brunetti, i-Eimeria Maxim ne-Emeria Acervulin. Ku-"turkeys", "isitha" esiyinhloko yi-eimeria meleagrimitis kanye ne-eimeria adenoids, e-geese - eimeria trunkata, futhi amadada ngokuvamile athatha i-tizzeria pemitsiosis.
Kusukela kusibonelo esingenhla, umuntu angacabanga ukuthi isifo esifana ne-coccidiosis, sithi, ku-broilers empeleni kungabangelwa ukuhlukahluka okuyishumi nambili (kungakhathaliseki uhlobo olufanayo), futhi ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kolunye uhlobo lwe-coccidiosis ezinkukhu aluqinisekisi ukumelana kwabo (ukuzivikela) kwabanye izinhlobo zezinambuzane. Kodwa i-pathogen ngokwayo inekhono elihle kakhulu lokuzivumelanisa nezidakamizwa ezihlukahlukene ezihlose ukulwa nayo, futhi lena ingozi yesifo.
Kubalulekile! Naphezu kwakho konke okushiwo ngenhla, izinyoni ezindala azivame ukufa nge-coccidiosis, futhi ngisho nokutheleleka, azibonisi izimpawu zangaphandle zesifo. Kodwa izinkukhu ezincane, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamasonto amabili nenyanga nengxenye, lesi sifo sinengozi ngempela.
Izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-coccidiosis ezinkukhu, ukuxilongwa kwesifo
I-coccidiosis ezinkukhu inesici esingajabulisi isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwempawu zangaphandle, okwenza kube nzima ukuyixilonga ngesikhathi futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo. Kodwa-ke, ngesimo esibucayi sesi sifo, isikhathi sokukhushulwa siyadlula ngokushesha - kusukela ezinsukwini ezine kuya kwesonto.
Izibonakaliso zokuqala ezingase zibonise ukuba khona kwe-coccidiosis ezinkukhu kunengqondo futhi zivezwe ikakhulu ekushintsheni kokuziphatha kule nyoni. Inkukhu ayidli kahle, ilukhuni, ithwala amaqanda ambalwa. Kamuva ungabona izimpawu ezicacile - shintsha ekujuleni kwamanzi, ukulahlekelwa isisindo (ngenxa yokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi). Lesi sifo singabonwa yizinyosi zezinyoni - ziba yi-liquid, frothy, ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, zibe ziluhlaza okwedlulele, futhi zifakwe emalini.
Uyazi? Ukufa okungazelelwe kwezinkukhu ezivela egazini eligazini sekuyisikhathi eside kubangele ukukholelwa emakhohlweni phakathi kobaba bethu.I-coccidiosis ezinkukhu ingabonakala ngezibonakaliso ezifana nokubonakala kwe-cyanosis yesikhumba, ukoma okwandayo, ukwanda kwe-goiter, ukungena kwesisindo ngokudla okukhulayo, ukuboshwa kokukhula. Izinkukhu azikwazi ukusebenza, zihlala ingxenye enkulu yosuku, zidla kabi, ukuhambisana kokuhamba kuphazamiseka, izinkukhu zihamba zihambela ngamaphiko aphansi nezinhloko.
Esikhathini esiyinkimbinkimbi yesifo, izinkukhu ziyafa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa emva kokubonakala kwezibonakaliso zokuqala, ezingenasifo, zingase zihlupheke izinyanga ezimbili, zilahlekelwe ngu-70% wesisindo sayo, zibuthakathaka futhi zime ukuze zikhule. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona ukukhubazeka kwamalungu, futhi, njengoba kwashiwo, ukumelana nokutheleleka kwegciwane ne-bacteria kunciphisa kakhulu.
Ukuxilongwa ngokuqondile kwenyoni kungenziwa kuphela ngudokotela wezilwane ngesisekelo sokuhlolwa kwelabhutri, ukucwiliswa noma ukuphahlazeka lapho kungenzeka khona ukubona amaqanda omzimba we-pathogen. Ezinkukhu ezafa nge-coccidiosis, isisu sifana nesivinini esivimbayo esigcwele indwangu yamanzi enezigaxa zegazi.
Kubalulekile! Ngaphandle kokungenelela ngesikhathi esifanele, lesi sifo singakwazi "ukuguqulwa" kalula yizingxenye ezintathu kwezinkukhu, futhi labo abasinda bazohlala njalo bephethe izifo futhi bazofaka ingozi ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.
Izimbangela zesifo
Njengoba sekushiwo, ukudluliselwa kokutheleleka kwenzeka ngomzila we-fecal-oral, okungukuthi, le nyoni idla ukudla noma isiphuze amanzi lapho amaqanda ama-pathogen ayatholakala lapho ngokusebenzisa ukudonsa kwezinyoni ezigulayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutheleleka kungenziwa ngotshani, inhlabathi noma udoti, lapho i-pathogen ingadluliselwa khona yizinyoni zasendle, izinambuzane noma izinduku.
Umuntu angangena ekwenzeni i-coccidiosis ngendlela efanayo nezinye izilwane, ngakho-ke, ekunakekeleni inyoni futhi engayigcini imithetho yokuhlanzeka komuntu siqu, singaletha ukutheleleka enkukhu yenkukhu.
Uyazi? Amaqanda e-coccidiosis agcina asebenza kahle enhlabathini kuze kube izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye, futhi enotshini - kuze kube yiminyaka eyodwa nengxenye. Noma kunjalo, entwasahlobo nasehlobo, i-pathogen iyasebenza kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuqhuma okuyinhloko kwesifo kuwela ngalesi sikhathi.
Ngemva kokuthatha amabhaktheriya, inkukhu kakade ngosuku lwesine iba umthombo wokutheleleka, ihlukanise i-coccidia emalini.
Indlela yokwelapha ama-coccidiosis ezinkukhu
I-coccidiosis ezinkukhu kuhilela izindlela ezimbili zokwelapha: okuqala kuhloswe ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwezinyoni ngaphandle, okwesibili - ukulwa ne-pathogen esele ingene emzimbeni wenkukhu.
Indlela yokuqala ibizwa ngokuthi ukuvinjelwa ngolimi olulula; sizoyeka kancane kancane. Izidakamizwa zanamuhla ze-coccidiosis zinikeza imiphumela ephakeme kakhulu futhi zihlose ukumisa noma ukuvimbela ngokuphelele ukukhiqizwa kwe-Eimeria enkukhu. Eminye yale mithi, noma kunjalo, inamandla okuvimbela le nyoni ukuba ikwazi ukuvikela isifo sayo se-pathogen.
Uyazi? Ososayensi baseYurophu baye babonisa amandla amangalisayo amafutha omzimba ocolile omzimba ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungena kwe-coccidia engxenyeni yamathumbu emathunjini. Ngenxa yalokhu kutholakala okuthakazelisayo, ukwengezwa kwamafutha anjalo ezinkukhu zokudla kwenza kube lula ukukhohlwa ngokuphelele ukuqubuka kwesifo sohudo. Ngeshwa, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqizwa kwamafutha anjalo (isimo esidingekayo sokuphumelela ukungabi khona kwanoma yimaphi izithasiselo nokungcola kuso) kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi kuye kwaqondiswa inkampani eyodwa kuphela yaseJalimane.
Okwamanje, izindlela zemvelo zokubhekana nomthengisi kubalimi abaningi abatholakali, kumele sisebenzise isintu i-coccidiostats yokuphatha i-coccidiosis ezinkukhu. Kungcono kunzima ukusebenzisa amalungiselelo anjalo, ngoba i-coccidia isheshe ijwayele ukuyijwayela, ngakho-ke kungashiwo ukuthi inqubo yokwelapha i-coccidiosis ezinkukhu ivame ukuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwesilingo nesiphambeko.
Ukuze ukwelashwa kwezinkukhu ezinkukhu, kanye nama-broilers nezinyoni ezindala, imithi enqunyiwe yengezwe ukuphakela noma amanzi futhi, uma ingenwe, ivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathogen.
Kubalulekile! Mhlawumbe isikhathi esiyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke ekwelapheni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izilwane, ngaphandle kokungena, zingena esiswini, futhi lokhu kumele kwenzeke esidlweni esisodwa, ngaphandle kwalokho umuthi uzolahlekelwa ukusebenza kwawo.
Phakathi kwezidakamizwa ezaziwa kakhulu zokwelapha izinkukhu ezinkukhu zilandelayo:
- coccyprodin: Isidakamizwa siboniswa nge-coccidiosis ezinkukhu kanye nama-broilers, ukwelashwa ukuthi i-substance esebenzayo isetshenziselwa i-pathogen kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isiteji sentuthuko, kanti ukuzivikela komzimba ngokumelene nesifo akupheli ngalutho. Ukungabi nalutho kwalokhu i-coccidiostatic ukuthi akukwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwezinkukhu;
Avatek 15% SS ibulala i-coccidia ezingeni le-ion futhi ikhutshwe kalula emzimbeni;- baycox okuphumelelayo uma kunwetshwa ukuphuza ngokulingana okuqinile, inkukhu kufanele iphuze amanzi anjalo izinsuku ezimbili;
- i-coccidiosis kufanelekile kokubili izinkukhu nezinyoni ezindala, kodwa inyama enjalo akufanele idliwe uma le nyoni ihlatshwa ngaphambi kwesonto elilodwa ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa.
Avatek 15% SS ibulala i-coccidia ezingeni le-ion futhi ikhutshwe kalula emzimbeni;Ngaphezu kwemithi, izinyoni ezigulayo kufanele ziqiniswe ngokungeza i-iron sulfate, i-methionine nezinye izithako ezimbiwa ekudleni, njengoba umzimba unenkinga enkulu ye-amino acid nezinye izinto phakathi nalesi sikhathi.
Indlela yokuvimbela i-coccidiosis ezinkukhu: izinyathelo zokuvimbela
Njenganoma yisiphi esinye isifo esiyingozi, kungcono ukuvimbela ukukhukhumeza kwezinkukhu kunokwelapha.
Ukuvimbela i-coccidiosis ezinkukhu kuyisistimu yonke yezinyathelo - kusuka ekugonyeni ukuya ekufeni.
Ukugonywa kwenziwa, njengombuso, ngokuqondene nezilwane ezincane ezingakalungiselelwa ukubulawa ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila. Kukholelwa ukuthi akusizwanga kahle ukugoma amakhemikhali, ngoba ngisho nokutheleleka okuncane kunomthelela omkhulu ekukhuleni kwenkukhu nokwanda kwesisindo, nakuba kuhlelwe ukuyibulala inyoni ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.
Ngokuba ukubeka izinkukhu, ngokuphambene, ukugoma kuyasebenza kakhulu.Ngenxa yokuthi izibonakaliso zangaphandle zesifo, njengoba sekushiwo, zibonakaliswa ngokwehla kwenani lamaqanda, futhi umphumela uqhubeka izinyanga ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuba le nyoni ibuyele ngokugcwele. Umuthi wokugoma okhethiwe kahle, ogonyelwe enyoni ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila, unikeza ukuzivikela okuqinile (kodwa kuphela uhlobo oluthile lwe-pathogen). 
Indlela yesibili yokuvimbela i-coccidiosis yi-immunochemical prophylaxis. Iqukethe ukuthi le nyoni encane idla inombolo encane yezinhlobo ezintathu ezivame kakhulu ze-coccidia ukuze kuhlakulele ingculazi. Le ndlela ivumela esikhathini esizayo ukuthi ihlise ngokujulile inkinga yesifo futhi inciphisa kakhulu inani lemithi edingekayo ekwelapheni kwayo.
Ukukhipha imishanguzo kuyisilinganiso sokuvimbela.
Kubalulekile! I-Coccidia cishe ayesabi isithwathwa, kodwa ayabhubhisa kalula kusuka ekushiseni okuphezulu nokushisa. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ususe i-disinfecting, kuphumelela ukushisa izindonga zendlu yenkukhu kanye nokusungula nge-blowtorch noma ukuwuthulule ngamanzi abilayo bese usula ilitha ngokukhanya kwelanga ngqo.
Kumele kuvunywe ukuthi le ndlela ayiphumeli kakhulu ngokumelene ne-coccidiosis. 
ngenxa yokuphikisana okuqinile kwe-pathogen kuya kuhlanganiswa okujwayelekile okusetshenziselwa ukubulala amagciwane, njengama-formalin, alkali, i-potassium permanganate, izixazululo zesobho, njll.
Ngakho-ke, okuqukethwe kwezinkukhu kumswakama nokuthungwa kuyindlela eqondile yokutheleleka.
Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, kunconywa ukuba wengeze amagobolondo kanye nosawoti wetafula ukuze ukondle.
Ukufingqa, imithetho esemqoka yokulawula i-coccidiosis ezinkukhu zilandelayo:
- ukoma nokuhlanzeka endlini ye hen
- ukunciphisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinkukhu nezinyoni ezindala;
- ukuguqula njalo amanzi emgodini wamanzi bese ukondla ukugwema ukungena kuwo;
- ukudla okunokulinganisela nokuphezulu;
- ukushisa ukushisa kwemishini, indawo yenkukhu kanye nezinkukhu ezihambahambayo;
- ukuhlanza njalo ekamelweni lokudoba;
- ukwengezwa kwe-coccidiostatics ekudleni ngezinhloso ze-prophylactic ngokushintshashintsha kwezidakamizwa ukuze ugweme ukulutha.
