I-Soy iyisidlo sokudla nesondlo esiwusizo, futhi isetshenziselwa njengento eluhlaza ekukhiqizeni izimboni. Ngenxa yokuvunwa okuphezulu, okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni amaningi kanye nezinhlelo eziningi zokusebenza, insizakalo ibe yinto evamile. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-soya emhlabeni kufinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-300 futhi uqhubeka ukhula njalo ngonyaka. Ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungakhula kanjani izitshalo kusayithi lakho, ake sixoxe kabanzi.
Incazelo yamasiko
Ezolimo, uhlobo olulodwa lwe-soy luthandwa, oluhlukaniswe ngama-subspecies amathathu: isiManchu, isiJapane nesiShayina. Izwe lakuleli sitshalo yizwe laseMpumalanga Asia, lapho likhule khona iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-7 000. 
Ukubukeka
I-soya ingokomndeni wezinambuzane futhi iyisithombo seminyaka yonke. Isiqu sihlanganiswa, sisakazeka, sifinyelela ku-50-80 cm ukuphakama, kodwa kunezinhlobo ezincane (ezinamaphesenti angu-25 kuya phezulu) futhi zinama-gigantic (ezinamaphesenti angu-2 kuya phezulu).
Umndeni we-legume uhlanganisa izitshalo ezinjenge-clitoria, ubhontshisi obuluhlaza, i-clover, ubhontshisi we-herring, ubhontshisi omhlophe, ama-dolichos, i-delonix yobukhosi, i-peas, i-lupins.
Uhlelo lwempande lubalulekile, impande eyinhloko iyifushane, okuvela kuyo igatsha lezinqubo eziningi ze-lateral. Izimpande zingangena enhlabathini ngomamitha amabili.
Amaqabunga angama-trifoliate, ahlukahluka ngesimo nobukhulu: angaba kusuka ku-1.5 kuya ku-12 cm ngobubanzi, kusuka ku-4 kuya ku-18 ubude ubude. Ifomu lihluka kusuka nxazonke, i-ovate kuya ku-lanceolate.
Izimbali zise-axils amaqabunga, amancane, amhlophe noma aphuzi, angenaswidi. 
I-pods kuya ku-6 cm ubude, i-brown shade noma emthunzini omnyama, iqukethe imbewu engu-3-4 ngaphakathi. Imbewu ye-soya ingaba ophuzi, eluhlaza, obomvu noma obumnyama, oblong noma obomile.
Imfanelo
I-soya inezivuno eziphezulu kakhulu, eziqhubeka zikhula ngenxa yomsebenzi wabalimi. Izitshalo ezivuthiwe zalesi sitshalo ngehektare ngalinye liyi-2.2-2.6 amathani, kepha kuye ngokuthi izimo zezulu nezokunakekelwa, zingamathani angama-4-4.5 ngehektare.
Abaholi bokukhiqizwa komhlaba kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ama-soya yi-USA (30% yomkhiqizo wezwe), eBrazil nase-Argentina. Futhi, ama-soybean asetshalwe ngezinga elikhulu emazweni aseMpumalanga Asia (eChina, Indonesia, India), e-Ukraine naseRussia, namazwe aseLatin America (Uruguay, Bolivia, eParaguay). 
Ngesikhathi sonyaka okhulayo kukhona izinhlobo ezinjalo:
- ukukhula ekuseni (izinsuku ezingu-80-100);
- ukuvuthwa kokuqala (izinsuku eziyi-100-120);
- ukuvuthwa okuphakathi (izinsuku ezingu-120-140);
- ukuvuthwa kwelanga (izinsuku ezingu-140-150).
Uyazi? I-China idla ngaphezu kuka-2/3 kokukhiqizwa kwe-soya emhlabeni. Ukufuna okukhulu komkhiqizo kwavela ngenxa yokukhula kwembonini yezolimo kanye nokufuna okukhulu kokudla kwemfuyo.
Ngidinga inyosi ku-cottage
Kuze kube manje, lesi siko samahlathi asithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwezakhamuzi zasehlobo; Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho abantu bekhuluma, abantu abaningi banokuzibandakanya okubi nemikhiqizo ethiwa inyama, empeleni iqukethe isobho kuphela.
I-soya ibhekwa njengesitshalo sezitshalo futhi iningi lamacala likhulile ngesilinganiso sezentengiselwano, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi sikhule isilwane esakhiweni sayo. 
Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu:
- ukukhululeka kokulima;
- ukuhlanzwa kwenhlabathi kunokhula (njengotshani yisitshalo esitshalwe);
- ukugcwala kwenhlabathi nge nitrogen kanye nezakhi zomzimba zokutshala ezinye izitshalo;
- isivuno esihle.
Ukuze uthole isivuno esicebile, kubalulekile ukukhetha izinhlobo ngokuhambisana nezimo zezulu zendawo yabo.
Thola ukuthi yisiphi isidlo se-soya.
Izimo zokukhula kwesoya
Ukukhetha indawo efanele nenhlabathi kuyokwandisa kakhulu amathuba okuvuna okuhle. Kubalulekile ukuhlaziya ukuthi yiziphi izitshalo ezikhulile kwisayithi ekuqaleni, njengoba isobho singavumelani nezitshalo ezithile. 
Ukukhetha indawo
Lesi sitshalo sithanda ukukhanya nokufudumala., kulezi zikhombisi kuzoxhomeka ekutheni amandla we-photosynthesis, ukulungiswa kwemvelo kwe-nitrogen, isitshalo sokudla, futhi ekugcineni isivuno. Ngokutshala udinga ukukhetha indawo ekhanyisiwe.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi inyosi iyimmeleli yezitshalo ezincane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuhluma nokufiphala ubude besikhathi sokuhlwa kusuka emahoreni angu-12. Uma amahora emini ekhuphuka, ukuqhakaza kwebhontshisi kunciphisa.
Izidingo zomhlaba
Ngokuvamile, i-soya ayifuni emhlabathini - ingahluma ngisho nasemhlabathini omhlabathi osenhlabathi, kepha isivuno sayo siyoba siphansi kakhulu. Okuhle kunazo zonke, isitshalo ngokwawo sizwa emhlabathini omnyama nesifuba, kanye nenhlabathi evuliwe. 
Izithelo ezinhle nezinhlamvu eziluhlaza zingatholakala emhlabathini ovundile ocebile kumaminerali kanye ne-calcium, ne-drainage enhle ne-air exchange. Isitshalo esiphelele isitshalo enhlabathini ene-pH engekho hlangothi noma encane.
Funda ngokubaluleka kwe-acidity yenhlabathi, ukuthi ungabheka kanjani i-asidi, kanjani nokuthi yini ongayenza.Ngaphandle kokubuyiselwa, i-soybean akufanele itshalwe kulezi zinhlobo zomhlabathi:
- on nenhlabathi acidified;
- emhlabathini wamanzi;
- emanzini omunyu.
Kubalulekile! I-soya ithinteka kakhulu ekungeneni komswakama: ukulala okuncane kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nezikhukhula zezinsuku ezincane kungenza buthaka kakhulu uhlelo lwempande nokunciphisa isitshalo sokudla, okuholela ezitshalweni ezibuthakathaka, ezibuhlungu futhi ezingaphansi. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuqina okukhulu kwenhlabathi kungabhubhisa ngokuphelele isitshalo.
Kubuye kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba unakekele ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi yasentwasahlobo nasekwindla. Lezi zihlanganisa izigaba ezilandelayo: ukuhlunga, ukulima nokufaka umquba. Izigaba ezimbili zokuqala zinikeza ukukhululeka komhlaba, ngenxa yokuthi ugcwala umoya-mpilo futhi ulahlekelwa ukhula, futhi kuba lula ukuthi izimpande zikhule. 
Njengomanyolo udinga ukwenza ama-humus. Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokutshala i-soybe, udinga umhlaba ukujula ngo-6 cm. Lokhu kuzogcina umswakama emhlabathini, ekugcineni ususe ukhula futhi uhlele ubuso ukuze kube nokutshala okulula futhi okusheshayo.
Abandulela phambili
Emgwaqeni ophakathi, izandulela phambili zezitshalo zinjalo izitshalo:
- amazambane;
- isithombo sebhitrudi;
- ummbila;
- utshani utshani;
- ukolweni ubusika nezinye izinhlamvu.
Ngendlela, lezi zitshalo, kanye nama-millet zitshalwe kahle endaweni yokutshala insizakalo, okungukuthi, kuyasiza ukushintsha lezi zitshalo endaweni efanayo. I-Soy ingafakwa etsheni elilodwa iminyaka engama-2-3 ngaphandle komonakalo emhlabathini.
Emva kwalesi sikhathi, inhlabathi idinga ukuphumula kweminyaka emibili, lapho umhlaba uhlwanyela khona ngesitshalo esithile. 
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izitshalo zokutshala i-soya emva kokuthi:
- iklabishi yezinhlobo ezahlukene;
- i-rapeseed;
- i-sunflower;
- izitshalo ezimnandi;
- izithelo (clover, alfalfa, clover sweet).
Imithetho yokuhlwanyela
Ukuhambisana nobuchwepheshe bezolimo kuzovumela ngisho nendawo encane ukuthola isivuno esihle semifino. Okulandelayo, sibheka indlela yokulungisa imbewu nenhlabathi, ukubala isikhathi, nokuthola uhlelo lokutshala izitshalo ze-soya.
Uyazi? I-sauce ye-Soy, elungiselelwe ukuvutshwa kwamabhontshisi, inegama elikhethekile le-ukunambitha "umami". Umami - ukunambitheka inyama - kubhekwa njengesisekelo esisodwa, kanye nosawoti, omuncu, omuncu nomunyu.
Isikhathi esiphelele
Isikhathi sokuhlwanyela sinqunywa izinga lokushisa kwezingxenye zomhlabathi ezingenhla. 
Kungcono ukuhlwanyela lesi sitshalo lapho umhlaba uqhuma ku-10-15 ° C, noma kunjalo, uma kukhona ukufudumala okusheshayo, isiko singatshalwa ekushiseni kuka-6-8 ° C.
Ngokuvamile, umbuso wokushisa okunjalo usethe ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - isigamu sokuqala sikaMeyi, kodwa udinga ukuqondiswa kuphela ngezimo zezulu zesifunda sakho. Uma esesiteji sokuhluma kwamahlumela okwenzeka, ukuhlwanyela kungase kufe.
Uma uhlela ukutshala izinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene, kufanele uqale ngokuvuthwa kokugcina futhi ugcine ukutshala izinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala.
Uma uhlwanyela okusanhlamvu kakhulu kusenesikhathi (inhlabathi ebanda), ingozi yezifo kanye nokulimala kwezinambuzane zanda kakhulu, izihlahla ziyoba buthakathaka, zide futhi zihlupheke ubhontshisi. Ngesikhathi sokutshala esibalwa kahle, izithombo zivela izinsuku ezingu-5-7. 
Uma emva kwezinsuku ezingu-9 kungekho ukuhluma, lokhu kubonisa ukutshala lesi sitshalo ngokushesha kakhulu.
Ukulungiselela imbewu
Ezimweni zezimboni zokulima, imbewu itshalwe ngaphambi kokutshala ngamalungiselelo akhethekile, inani elibalwe ngetoni ngalinye lembewu. Yiqiniso, ekhaya, lapho ubutha ukuze ukhule kancane kakhulu izitshalo ze-legume kusayithi, lokhu akunakwenzeka.
Kodwa-ke, uma uthola imbewu ephezulu futhi enempilo ezitolo ezikhethekile, ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali kungagwenywa.
Inqubo yokulungiselela okuyimpoqo yindlela yokucubungula inoculants ye-soybean microbiological. Ngenxa yenqubo, izimpande zesitshalo ziyogcwaliswa nge-nitrogen yonyaka wonke okhulayo. Lezi zidakamizwa zithengiswa ezitolo ezikhethekile zensimu nemifino yemifino kanti kunezinhlobo ezimbili: inoculants eyomile e-peat base kanye nokugxila kwamanzi. 
Kubalulekile! Khumbula ukuthi udinga ukucubungula imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela (amahora angu-12). Ungavumi ukuba ilanga libheke imbewu ephathwayo!
Uhlelo lokuhlwanyela
Ezohwebo, abalimi bayasetshenziselwa ukutshala izitshalo, kodwa endaweni encane yasekhaya, le nqubo iyenzeka ngesandla. Esiteshini kuyadingeka ukwenza imifudlana, ibanga eliphakathi kokunqunywa kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-soya nobukhulu behlathi.
Ngezinhlobo eziningi zokuvuthwa zakuqala, ibanga lika 20-40 cm lanele; Uma usebenzisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuvuthwa kwesikhathi, ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa lenyukela ku-60 cm.
Ukujula kwenzalo ngu-3-5 cm - ukutshala soy 6 cm nokujulile kuyoba yingozi, ngoba awukwazi ukulinda izithombo. 
Kubalulekile ukugcina ibanga phakathi kwembewu kuze kufike ku-5 cm. Isitshalo esincane kakhulu, kodwa kufanelekile ukucabangela ukuthi enye imbewu ayiyikukhula. Uma izithombo zinyene kakhulu, zihlale zigciniwe, zigcine ibanga phakathi kwamahlumela kuya kuma-20 cm.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ama-soyabe adinga isikhala esanele nokukhanya kwentuthuko evamile, ngakho-ke ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla kufanele likhulu. Izitshalo akufanele zivelele.
Isiko lokunakekelwa
Imithetho esemqoka yokunakekela ihlanganisa:
- Ukunisela Ngokuvamile, i-soya ibhekwa njengesitshalo esimelana nesomiso futhi ekuqaleni ayidingi ukuchelela okwengeziwe. Into esemqoka ukuthi ngesikhathi sokutshala emhlabathini kwakunomswakama okwanele. Kodwa-ke, ukuchelela kuyadingeka kusukela ekupheleni kukaJune, lapho ama-soya enenkathi esebenzayo yokwakheka kwebhodlela, futhi izinga lokushisa lomusi lifinyelela ku-30 ° C. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngale ndlela: 5 amalitha per 1 m2.
- Ukuhlanganisa umhlaba. Le nqubo kusiza ukugcina umswakama emhlabathini. Ukuze uxoxwe ungasebenzisa i-humus noma i-peat. Uma ungaqhubeki, kudingekile ukuba ukhulule umhlabathi nge-hoe ngemuva kokunisela.
- Ukulawula ukhula. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela ukuvela kwezitshalo ezinokhula ngenyanga yokuqala nengxenye emva kokutshala, ngoba amahlumela we-soya asebuthakathaka kakhulu kanti ukhula lungabalula kalula. Ukhula lungasuswa ngokuphathwa ngamakhemikhali noma ngesandla. Ukubulala amafutha (isibonelo, "Roundup") kungasetshenziswa kabili: ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva nangenyanga ngemva kokutshala.
Imithi enjalo njenge "Butizan", "Singer", "Biceps Garant", "Herbitox", "Khetha", "Targa Super", "Lintur", "Milagro", "Dicamba", "Granstar", "Helios", "Glyphos", "Banvel".
- Ukukhwabanisa noma ukukhulula. Indlela yokuqala iyafaneleka ezindaweni ezinkulu, okwesibili - ukucubungula indawo ehlanganisiwe. Ukudlwengula kwenziwa izikhathi eziningana: emva kwezinsuku ezine emva kokuhlwanyela, ngemuva kokwakheka kwamaqabunga amabili (lapho igciwane lifinyelela ku-15 cm) nangemva kokwakheka kweqabunga lesithathu.
- Ukuvikelwa kwamakhaza. Emasontweni okuqala emva kokutshala, yonke imisebenzi yokuhlwanyela ingahle ihlasele ngisho nesikhwama esincane. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka uqaphele ngokucophelela isimo sezulu - uma kwenzeka imvula ebanda ku -1 ° C, izitshalo kufanele zifakwe.
Ukuvuna
Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-100-150 kusukela ngesikhathi sokutshala (kuye ngokuthi ezihlukahlukene), ungaqala ukuvuna. 
Izimpawu zokuvuthwa
Izinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala zingavuna cishe phakathi no-Agasti; izinhlobo zokuvuthwa ngasekupheleni kwesikhathi zivuthwe maphakathi no-September.
Ukuthi isikhathi sesifikile ekuvuneni, singatholakala ngezizathu:
- ama-pods ahlukaniswa kalula futhi imbewu ihlukaniswa;
- isitshalo siphenduka;
- amaqabunga awe.
Kubalulekile! Awukwazi ukulibazisa isivuno - nakuba ama-pods e-soya ahlaselwa kunezinye izitshalo ezikhanyayo, ngokubambezeleka ekuvuneni kungase kube nokulahlekelwa okuphawulekayo kwamahontshisi.
Izindlela zokuvuna
Ngesilinganiso sezimboni, imishini ekhethekile isetshenziselwa ukuvuna insizakalo, kodwa ungakwazi ukuvuna ngesandla isivuno kwisakhiwo sakho. Akusithathi isikhathi esiningi, futhi ukulahlekelwa kwezitshalo kuzobe kuncane. 
Kungcono ukusika (ukugaya) isitshalo eduze nomsuka, ushiye impande engxenyeni emhlabathini. Ukuqina okukhethekile kuvela ezimpandeni - ama-microorganisms ahlala lapho angakwazi ukucubungula i-nitrogen nokucebisa inhlabathi nayo. Lokhu kuzoba nethonya elihle ekuvuneni okulandelayo kule ndawo.
Ngemuva kokusika, izitshalo ziboshwe ezinhlangothini futhi zimisiwe ekamelweni elomile, elihle kakhulu lokuvuthwa. Ngalokhu ungasebenzisa inqolobane noma i-attic.
Le ndlela iphumelela kakhulu uma ngesikhathi sokuvuna kunemvula futhi imbewu yayigcwele futhi umswakama. Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, ama-pod angaphulwa.
Izici zesitoreji se-soya
Umthetho oyinhloko wokugcina isitoreji samasyayi ukulawula umswakama emoyeni. Iqiniso liwukuthi soy is hygroscopic kakhulu, ngoba umswakama ekamelweni akufanele kudlule 10-13%. 
Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, impilo yeshalofu yemifino ifinyelela ku-1 unyaka. Uma umswakama u-14% noma ngaphezulu, impilo yeshalofu yomkhiqizo iyancipha ibe izinyanga ezingu-3.
Gcina imbewu emasakeni esikhumba noma emabhokisini emakhadibhodi endaweni emnyama. Ngalesi sizathu, i-pantry, iseli elomile, noma i-balcony eneklamuzi noma amashalofu aphezulu kakhulu ekhishi amakhabethe afanelekile.
Imithetho embalwa ebaluleke kakhulu yokulondolozwa okuphumelelayo kokuvuna:
- Amabhontshisi kumele athathwe ngokucophelela futhi asuswe ngokuqothulwa, ebolile futhi ewonakele;
- Gcina ubhontshisi kude nokunye ukudla;
- uma kukhona iphunga eliqala ukuphuma ku-soy, libonisa ukusikwa komkhiqizo.
Kusuka kumasiya ungakwazi ukupheka izitsha ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ekufakeni inyama kanye nokuphela ngekhofi. Ngakho-ke, kulula ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi kube nemikhiqizo yemikhiqizo ebhontshisi ewusizo.Naphezu kwezinye izici zobuchwepheshe bezolimo, ngokuvamile, ukutshala ama-soybean akulula, futhi ngisho nokuhlala ehlobo kungathola isivuno esihle salesi sitshalo.
Impendulo evela kubasebenzisi benethiwekhi
Hlwanyela futhi uhlanza ama-soya, futhi ngaphezulu kwesisodwa. Ukuhlwanyela nokukhula kuyisiqingatha empini, konke okuncane kakhulu noma okucacile. Ngokuhlanza inkinga. Angikwazi ukuhlanza masinyane (nginayo Dona), uNkulunkulu angavumeli u-5 ha ngosuku, bese kuthi uma amasimu ehlanzekile. Ukulahlekelwa akusiyo ebuthakathaka noma (ubhontshisi uqhekeke futhi uqhubeke ngqo ekhanda). Isiqu ngokwawo sinjengezintambo - uma sesicindezelekile, isigubhu sashaywa kangangokuthi ngisho ne-shaft yayo yayiboshwe. Azikho amasimu ahlelelekile - ubhontshisi obuphansi uvame ukuhlala. Unyaka ngaphambi kokugcina, kwakukhona ukuqubuka komlilo womtholo eKuban, ngakho-ke angizange ngifanele ngiyihlanze - ngiphula yonke into. Futhi isivuno sasike saba ngaphansi kuka 20. Ngakho akuzona zonke izinto ezijabulisayo. Kodwa kulo nyaka ngizohlwanyela futhi - akukho lutho, i-hemp ayivumelekile.Valera23
//fermer.ru/comment/151266#comment-151266
Kuhlwanyelwe i-szp-3,6 ngamitha ukusuka ku-13-15pcs. phezu kokhula uHarmony kodwa izigaba zakuqala. Isikhathi esisodwa sasizama kahle, kepha siphumelele ekubambeni ebusika, ngakho-ke kuyinto engavamile. Esibhamu lesi-BI-58 kanye ne-contactee. Ukuhlwanyela okusabalalisiwe kuhlulekile, kodwa "i-Complex yeSoybean" yanconywa amayunithi angu-32 32.CES
//forum.zol.ru/index.php?s=3f6f1cc8cfb3ed373744ee18052471a2&showtopic=4160&view=findpost&p=111340
