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Imbuzi yeka ukunikeza ubisi: izimbangela nezindlela zokuqeda

Abanikazi bezinyosi bavame ukukhononda ukuthi isilwane sinciphise kakhulu ukukhiqiza ubisi noma sishiye ngokuphelele ubisi. Ukuze uqonde isizathu sokunciphisa ubisi, kufanelekile ukuhlaziya izimo lapho izimbuzi zigcinwa khona, nokuthi yini nokuthi zondliwa kanjani.

Ingabe kuyadingeka ukwesaba ukuwa ubisi

Imbuzi ayinikezi njalo ubisi olufanayo ngosuku. Ngemuva kokuba i-lambing, ukhiqiza ubisi kancane kancane kwanda futhi kufinyelela phezulu cishe ngenyanga yesihlanu ekutshalweni kwamadlelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqala kancane kancane. Uma imbuzi igcinwa esitokisini unyaka wonke (ngaphandle kokudla), isivuno sobisi ngaso sonke isikhathi siyafana, kodwa futhi siqala ukwehla kancane kancane emva kwezinyanga ezingu-4 zokudla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izilwane zingena esikhathini sokulungela ukuhlangana nokuzala inzalo.

Uyazi? Izimbuzi zinamafundi angama-rectangular amehlo. Leli fomu elingavamile labafundi linikeza umbono ophelele ngokwengeziwe kunabantu nezilwane abanezingane ezizungezile. Imbuzi ingabona ngombono we-peripheral ngo-320-I-340 degrees cishe yonke into ngaphandle kwalokho okulungile ngemuva kwabo. Ukungahleleki komfundi onxantathu kungakwazi ukubuka phezulu noma phansi ngaphandle kokuhambisa ikhanda lakho.

Izimbangela ezikhona zokubisi ezingekho

Ngokubambezela ukukhipha ubisi, umzimba wembuzi ulungiselelwe ubunzima besigaba sokubeletha, ukugcina izinto ezinempilo namafutha. Izinga lokukhiqiza ubisi liyancipha lixhomeke ngqo ekuzalweni kwesilwane. Isibonelo, izinhlobo zobisi zezimbuzi (Zaanenskaya) ubisi oluphansi buthengisa kancane, futhi inyama noma i-downy brected lactation yehla ngokushesha. Ukudonsa ubisi ukukhiqizwa ku-artiodactyls kuhlobene ngqo neminyaka. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuguqulwa kwama-hormone kwenzeka emzimbeni wezinto ezidumile, kanyekanye nezinguquko emgodini we-mammary.

Uma ubisi lwebele luqala ukuwa, umnikazi kufanele alandele ngokucophelela okuqukethwe okulungile kwezimbuzi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubondla ngesikhathi futhi ubisize ngokugcwele futhi ngokufanele. Kunconywa ukuthi uthintane nodokotela wezilwane noma ochwepheshe bemfuyo bese uthole izincomo zokunakekelwa kwezilwane, kanye nokugonywa kwezidakamizwa nokuvimbela.

Futhi, isizathu sokuthi imbuzi iveza ubisi oluncane kungaba yindinganiso kanye nomlingiswa we-cloven-hoofed. Izilwane zobisi ezinhle kakhulu zikhona abantu abazolile, hhayi abahlambalaza. Izimbuzi ezinomqondo ophuthumayo nezobudlova zishisa kakhulu futhi zinezinga eliphakeme kakhulu ngobuningi. Ukucindezeleka kuthinta isivuno sabo, ngakho ubisi lulahleka ngemuva kokujabula okunjalo ezilwaneni ezinjalo. Uma uthenga imbuzi, kunconywa ukuthi ukhethe isilwane ngesilwane esinokuthula nokulinganisela.

Uyazi? Isisu esisendlini ezine sisiza izimpumputhe zigaye i-roughage enzima njengotshani ne-hay. Okokuqala, ukudla kungena esikhaleni, bese kungena engxenyeni yesibili yesisu (i-reticulum), lapho izinto ezingezona ukudlala zihlukaniswa khona. Esikhathini esilandelayo segastric (omasum) ukudla kuhlukaniswe emanzini futhi, ekugcineni, kungena "kweqiniso" esiswini, i-abomasum.

Futhi, ukukhiqiza ubisi kuwela emfuyweni engafanele:

  1. Ingxenye yomthwalo wemfanelo yobisi isitshalo kuphezu kokudla, noma yikuphi ukuphambuka kokudla okulungile kubangela ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwembuzi. Ukondla i-artiodactic kufanele kulungiswe esimweni sayo somzimba. Okufanayo kokubi kokubili izinguquko eziqhubekayo ekudleni nokucasula okufanayo kokudla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukudla kwezilwane kuvame ukulahlekelwa izakhi ezibalulekile: ayikho imifino eyomile - ukuphelelwa kwamaprotheni; akukho feed okuhlangene, okusanhlamvu - lokhu kungabikho kwamakorikhi; ukungabi namanoni amaminerali - izilwane kufanele zinikezwe i-rock usawoti-lizunets noma zixubane nama-microelements nama-premix premixes kokudla.
  2. Ukudla okungalungile, ngaphezu kokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa ubisi nokunciphisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kuthinta kabi isimo somzimba we-artiodactyls.

  3. Ukukhiqiza ubisi nokudla okunobuthi, ngakho-ke awukwazi ukusebenzisa ukudla okuphansi: i-hay ngokubola noma isikhunta, okusanhlamvu okuxubene nomhlabathi noma isanti, izitshalo ezinobuthi noma amakhambi aphathwayo nezinambuzane kanye nokubulala imithi.
  4. Amanzi adlala indima ebalulekile ngobuningi kanye nekhwalithi yobisi olukhiqizwayo. Uma izilwane ziphuza amanzi angcolile noma zingenakho ukufinyelela kwamanzi nhlobo, isivuno siwela. Amanzi okuphuza we-artiodactyl akufanele ahlanzeke kuphela, kodwa angabanda kakhulu (+ 10 ° C).
  5. Izimo lapho ziqukethe izimbuzi zobisi nazo zithinta ukukhiqizwa ubisi. Awukwamukeli lapho izilwane zigcinwa ebusika egumbini elibandayo, lapho kunomthunzi futhi kudala, futhi ehlobo bonke badla ngesikhathi sokushisa kwemini yelanga.
  6. Kubalulekile ukulalela okuqukethwe kwe-artiodactyl. Ukuthi imbuzi ibisiwe njalo akufanele kumvimbele ukuba angaphathi inzalo. Ngezinye izikhathi ukwehlisa inani lobisi kungumphumela wokubamba okungalungile, ukungalingani. Uma imbuzi ingabisi kahle, ingxenye yobisi izohlala emlonyeni, emva kwesikhathi isikhumba sezilwane sizokhiqiza kancane. Umfuyi wezilwane kufanele akhumbule ukuthi ukuvama kokubamba ngokuqondile kuxhomeke ebukhulu bokukhiqizwa kombele nobisi, kanye nesikhathi sokulahlwa.

Uyazi? Imbuzi inomlomo ophezulu ohamba phambili weselula, osiza ukukhipha amaqabunga amnandi emagatsheni amancane.

Izimo ezingavumelekile ebusika:

  • ukukhanya okuncane endaweni;
  • umswakama ophezulu;
  • hhayi kozlyatnik engenawo umoya;
  • ukushisa noma kubanda;
  • isiphuzo esibandayo;
  • ukuntuleka kokudla.

Izifo Ezimbi

Isizathu sokunciphisa ubisi kungaba isifo noma ukulimala ngokomzimba. Ukuze ungaphuthelwa izibonakaliso zokuqala zokungalaleli, umnikazi udinga ukugcina ngokucophelela izilwane: ingabe kukhona ushintsho ekuziphatheni nasezinhlalakahleni, indlela yokudla ihamba kanjani, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukudla konke kudliwa. Uma kubonakala ukuthi isilwane siyagula, shayela udokotela wezilwane noma u-zootechnician. Udokotela wezilwane uzokhipha ukwelashwa futhi akutshele ukuthi kungani kukhona ubisi obuncane empilweni nokuthi ungabuyisela kanjani ukuvunwa ubisi.

Ukwelashwa kwesisu

Ezimweni eziningi, i-mastitis iqala ngefomu elincane. Akukho zibonakaliso ezicacile, kodwa ukuqala kwesifo kungasolwa ngenxa yokunciphisa ubisi, ngoba izinguquko ezilimazayo zenzeka emahlakalweni wezinhlayiya. Ayikho imastitis eyingozi futhi efihliwe - ikhwalithi yobisi lwe-mastitis iyancipha futhi inciphisa ukuphila kwelanga. I-mastitis ye-subclinical ingenziwa kuphela ngemiphumela yokuhlola.

Izimpawu zesifo se-mastitis:

  1. Ezilwaneni ezigulayo, isivuno sinciphisa kancane kancane, ngokuvamile kuya kwesine ingxenye yesitshalo esivamile. Ukuguquguquka kokubisi, ukungahlanzeki kwamafutha kuvela kuyo.
  2. Endabeni ye-catarrhal mastitis, ukwehla kwesibalo sobisi kuhlonishwa - kuba amanzi, ahlukaniswe kalula ngamaqhezu (amanzi namafutha). Ukuvuvukala okunamandla kuhambisane nokukhululwa kwe-pus noma igazi ebisi.
  3. Izinsipho nazo ziyashintsha, isikhumba siphendula kabi ngokucasula. Ngokuvamile i-canal ingxube.
  4. Ukwakheka ubisi akugcini nje kwehla kakhulu, kodwa emva kwezinsuku ezimbili ezinama-2-lactation kungakwazi ukuyeka ngokuphelele.
  5. Lesi silwane sibonakala sigxilile, isimo esibuhlungu nesifo somkhuhlane.
  6. I-mastitis ephuthumayo ivame ukuphenduka ama-abscesses. Ingxenye yesiguli ikhulisiwe, ibuhlungu, ilukhuni. Isikhumba esibelethweni sivuvukala, sibomvu futhi siyashisa, ama-lymph nodes abonakala ngokucacile.
  7. Ama-poultices, ama-ointments neminye imikhiqizo ayifanele ukwelashwa kwe-mastitis. Lesi sifo siphathwa kuphela ngama-antibiotic.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nezimbangela nokuphathwa kwe-mastitis ezimbuzi.

Ukulimala

Izilwane zingonakaliswa ngokudla, isibonelo, ukunamathela ku-knot nokulimaza kakhulu isikhumba sombele. Kungavamile ukulwa phakathi kwezimbuzi emhlambini wezinkomo, emva kwalokho kukhona ukulimala kwezimpondo, izinselo namazinyo. Ukuvimbela lokhu kungenzeki, umnikazi udinga ukubuka imfuyo yezimbuzi futhi ahlukanise izilwane ikakhulukazi ezinobudlova nezikhukhumezayo.

Kubalulekile ukuzolalisa imbuzi elimele, ukuyisebenzisa ngokucophelela, bese uhlola ngokucophelela indawo eqondile. Uma kungekho nengozi, isilonda kufanele sihlanzwe ngamanzi, bese usuvikelekile nge-peroxide futhi usebenzise i-bandage ngamagcoba okuphulukisa isilonda noma ufafaze nge-streptocide. Uma uthola ukulimala kakhulu kulesi silwane, kuhle ukumema udokotela wezilwane, ungadinga ukwelashwa.

Isilwane esilimele sikhelelwe isikhathi emhlambini wezinkomo. Ngemuva kokuphola, i-artiodactal ibuyele emuva empilweni.

Ukuphulwa kwezimo zokuboshwa

Ukwehla ubisi nokutholakala kwezifo kungagwenywa ngokugcina imithetho eyisisekelo yokunakekelwa nokunakekelwa kwezilwane. Imbuzi kufanele igcinwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele: igumbi elihlanzekile, elomile (ngaphandle kwemidwebo), ukudla okunomsoco omuhle (isiliva empofu, kanye nokweqa ngokweqile kungaba yingozi).

Ukungondleki

Emapulazini amancane (ikakhulu ebusika), ukondla uhlobo olulodwa lokudla luvame ukuqhutshwa kuze kube sekupheleni. Isibonelo, izilwane zondliwa i-beet fodder kuze kube sekugcineni, bese zihanjiswa ngokushesha ku-hay noma okusanhlamvu. Khona-ke izilwane ngokushesha zinikeza olunye uhlobo olufanayo lokudla okuzidla. Lokhu akulungile, njengoba kunomthelela omubi ekufuneni, izilwane zenqaba ukudla noma ungadli ingxenye efanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokudla okunjalo izimbuzi ngokuvamile kuntula izakhi.

Sikukwazisa ukuba ufunde ukuthi ungayondla imbuzi.

Izindlela zokuxazulula le nkinga

Ngokuvamile, uketshezi ubisi luyehla ngokushesha ngemva kokushintsha okungalindelekile kuhlobo lokuphakelayo, isibonelo, uma udlulisela izilwane ezivela kudlelo ukuze uhlale esitokisini, futhi ngokufanayo. Ababelethi banciphisa le nkathi, kufaka phakathi utshani ekwindla ekwindla (ukufaka utshani obusha), futhi ekutheni kusentwasahlobo kufaka hlangana ukondla okweqile ukwenza ukuguqula utshani obuluhlaza bushelelezi. Kunconywa ukuhlela isilwane sezinkomo ezinyangeni eziningana kusengaphambili, futhi ekupheleni kwesinye noma esinye isondlo, kancane kancane ukunciphisa inani laso ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kweminye imikhiqizo.

Ukudla ukuze uthole isivuno esiphezulu njalo

Ukuze imbuzi ibe nephilile futhi inike ubisi obuningi, ukudla kwesilwane kudinga ukulinganisela. Kufanele kube ngamakholori amaningi, futhi aqukethe amaprotheni, amaminerali namavithamini. Ukuze unciphise izindleko, ukudla okufana ne-hay, isililage kufakwa nsuku zonke ekudleni. Unyaka wonke, ngaphandle kwebusika, izimbuzi kufanele zidliwe nsuku zonke. Lezi zilwane ezingenakuzithoba zingadla kahle ngisho nasemadlelweni aphansi, zize zidle nokhula namagatsha esihlahla.

Ukwengeza ukudla nokuhlanganiswa kokudla kubalulekile ekuhlinzekeni ama-calories engeziwe kanye namaprotheni, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokudla. Izingxube zezinhlamvu zingase zibe nokuhlanganiswa kwamaminerali namavithamini. Ukudla okusanhlamvu kufanele kube nomkhawulo, ngoba ukudla okuphezulu kwekhalori nge-fiber ephansi yokudla kungaholela ezinkingeni zezempilo ezinzima (isibonelo, indigestion, acidosis) kanye nokuqukethwe okunamafutha aphansi ebisi. Ukondla okuphezulu kwekhalori kubalulekile ekuvuneni okuphezulu, kuyilapho amaprotheni ne-fiber kuthinta izinga lobisi.

Okuphakelayo ngokuvamile akuqukethe amaminerali anele, futhi kuyadingeka ukwesekwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa ingxube yamaminerali ama-salti nge-calcium, i-phosphorus ne-trace elements. Imifino (isibonelo, i-alfalfa, i-clover) iqukethe inani elanele le-calcium, ngaphezu kwabo kuphela i-phosphorus eyengeziwe.

Uma udlelo luwumthombo oyinhloko wokudla, ama-supplements we-vitamin ayibalulekile. Uma usebenzisa u-hay noma silage kuphela, udinga i-vitamin engeziwe (A, D, ne-E).

Lapho ukhetha ukulinganisa ukudla, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukudla kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo zesilwane ngesikhathi esithile (ukukhiqizwa kwenzalo, ukuphakama kwe-lactation, ukulungiselela ukuzalanisa).

Kubalulekile! Ubisi lwezimbuzi unemfanelo eminingi eyenza ibe ngumkhiqizo wokudla obaluleke kakhulu. Isakhiwo sayo nokubunjwa kwayo kuvumela ukuthi isetshenziswe njengengxenye yobisi lwezinkomo ekudleni kwezingane, kubantu abahlukumeza i-lactose, kanye ne-convalescent nabantu asebekhulile. Ushizi ne-yoghurt zenziwe kusuka ubisi lwezimbuzi.

Ukubamba kahle

Ukubambisana kwebhokwe ubisi kufinyelela ezinsukwini ezingama-300, ngesikhathi lapho isilwane sikhiqiza phakathi kuka-60 no-3000 kg ubisi. Umthamo wokukhiqiza uxhomeke ngokuyinhloko ekuzaleni nasezingeni lokudla.

Imbuzi ibisiwe ngesandla noma isebenzisa imishini yokukhanda. Ukuncelisa kubamba isilinganiso semaminithi angu-6-7, isisodwa somkhiqizo wesikhathi esisodwa sinama-2 amalitha. Ukuluthwa ngosizo lwemishini yokudoba kuthatha cishe imizuzu engu-3-4.

Ukuze izimbuzi zikhishwe kahle, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa induduzo yezilwane nokunciphisa ukucindezeleka ngesikhathi sokubamba. Isixazululo esihle kakhulu ukwakha isiteji sokubamba ukugcina imbuzi endaweni efanayo.

Ngaphambi kwesiteji, kufakwe i-tray yokudla, lapho imbuzi (ngesikhathi sokubamba) ingadla khona. Ngakho-ke, i-nursery ngesikhathi sokubamba imatasa idla futhi ayinaki imisebenzi yabantu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umnikazi angakwazi ukulawula ngokugcwele ukudla kokudla kwezilwane. Imithi, amaminerali noma amavithamini anganikwa imbuzi kanye nokudla.

Ngokuvamile, izimbuzi ezikhulile zibhekwa okungenani kabili ngosuku, zikhiqiza ubisi obuningi ekuseni kuze kuhlwe. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthembela kwesamba sobisi hhayi kuphela ngesikhathi sosuku, kodwa nangenkathi. Entwasahlobo nangoJuni, imbuzi inikeza ubisi obengeziwe ekuseni (ngo-30-40%) uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlwaya kokuhlwa, futhi kusukela engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo kuze kufike ngoSepthemba igebe ebisika isivuno sibaluleke kakhulu (60-75%).

Kubalulekile! Inyama yezimbuzi iqukethe amaprotheni amaningi kanye nosawoti wamaminerali kunemvu noma inyama yenkomo, kanti futhi unamafutha angaphansi kwe-intramuscular.

Kungani kungabikho ubisi ngemuva kokugubha

Ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeke ukuthi emva kokuzalwa kwembuzi, ubisi lwezimbuzi luphele noma lukhulu. Ngokushesha noma yikuphi, umfuyi womfuyo angabhekana nale nkinga.

Izizathu ezingenzeka:

  • Ngemuva kokuqhakazila, udder wawuhlukane kabi noma awufanelekile;
  • ukuthuthukiswa kwe-mastitis emva kokubeletha;
  • owesifazane wayengeke egijime ngaphambi kokugubha;
  • ukuntuleka kokudla okunomsoco (beet, amathanga, amazambane ahlaza);
  • ukudla okunomsoco;
  • izinkinga ze-goat postpartum.

Ngakho-ke ukuthi lezi zinkinga azivuki, ngemuva kokuba inzalo ibonakale ekatini, umbelethi udinga ukuhlukanisa kahle umbele. Ukukhiqiza ubisi esikhathini esizayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba unakekele ukukhanda i-colostrum emgqeni phakathi namahora okuqala ngemuva kokugubha.

Kwenzeka ukuthi izingane zenqabe ubisi lwebele, njengoba kuthatha ukunambitheka okubabayo. Ukufutheka ebisi kungachazwa ukuthi imbuzi idla amagatsha we-maple noma umhlonyane, okuthinta ukunambitheka komkhiqizo.

Kukhona njalo isizathu esihle sokudonsa ubisi ukukhiqiza. Lokhu kungase kube isifo sobunini, ukudla okunganele noma okungalungile, ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nemithetho yokugcina izilwane. Uma imbangela yokwehliswa kwe-lactation inqunywe, unganquma ukuthi yini ongayenza ukuze ulungise isimo.

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