Indlela yokutshala ama-strawberry ku-greenhouse unyaka wonke: ubuchwepheshe kanye nencazelo yokuhlukahluka

Strawberry - intandokazi kubo bonke abalimi - ngokuqinisekile zikhona kuzo zonke izindawo zasemadolobheni.

Ayikwazi ukusho efuna kakhulu ukunakekelwaKodwa-ke, uma ikhulile emhlabathini ovulekile, ayinikezi izinzuzo ezifanele emzamweni owenziwe.

Izimo zezulu, izifo, ukungabi nokushisa, ikakhulukazi maphakathi nenyakatho yezwe lethu.

Izinzuzo ze-greenhouse

Umphumela ohluke kakhulu ungatholakala uma ukhula ama-strawberries ku-greenhouse esakhiweni. Izinzuzo zokutshala ama-strawberries nama-strawberries ku-greenhouse ziyabonakala. Lokhu kuzovumela thola izivuno eziningana ngonyaka, ukunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yezifo zezitshalo nokuthembela kwayo ezimweni zesimo sezulu.

Ukuqaphela ukushisa okufunayo, umswakama kanye nokuchelela kungatshalwa amajikijolo, anesinambitheka kanye nokubukeka okungcono kakhulu, ngenkathi egcina izakhiwo zawo eziwusizo kakhulu.

Ubuchwepheshe

Eqinisweni, kukhona ubuchwepheshe ababili bokutshala ama-strawberry - IsiRashiya nesiDashi. Kodwa kufanele sikhokhele abalimi bethu abavuthiwe, abavele bazi ukuthi banganciphisa kanjani intengo yobuchwepheshe beDutch.

IsiRussia

Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala ama-strawberry e-greenhouse kanje: i-greenhouse ihlukaniswe imibhede (inombolo yayo ixhomeke ngobukhulu besakhiwo) 1 m ububanzi. Ubusi buhlwanyelwe enhlabathini elungiselelwe ibanga elingamamitha angu-30 ukusuka komunye nomunye. Kungenzeka ihlelwe phansi emigqeni noma igxile.

Isi-Dutch

Le ndlela inikeza isivuno esiphezulu ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezitshalo ngehora elilodwa. m zokugcina izithombo. Indlela yokutshala ama-strawberry kulobu buchwepheshe? Esikhundleni semibhede eyakhelwe eceleni, lapho kukhona khona izimbiza ezinezithombo. Ibhodlela eli-1 - 1 isitshalo. Inani lezintambo lixhomeke kuphela ekuphakameni okulula ukuphatha umlimi wensimu. Izinzuzo ngale ndlela ziyabonakala:

• isivuno esiphezulu;
• ukukhishwa kwamaberry ngokulula;
• ingozi encane yezifo, ngoba iberry ayithinti phansi;
• izinga eliphezulu lemikhiqizo etholakala ngenxa yokuthi isitshalo ngobuningi sithola ukukhanya, oksijini nokushisa;
• amanzi okusindisa ukuchelela.

Ukusabela isiRussia kwezobuchwepheshe beDutch

Abalimi bethu abazange bahlehlise intengo yobuchwepheshe beDutch, banikeze okunye okunye okuyizimbiza ngendlela yezikhwama zeplastiki. Umhlabathi uthululwa kuwo futhi izimbobo zenziwa ngenhla, lapho amasaka okutshala khona sitrobheli atshalwa khona.

Ukukhetha okuhlukahlukene

Ukukhetha izinhlobo zezitshalo ze-strawberry okwenziwe ukushisa okuyingxenye yempi. Indlela yokutshala ama-strawberry ku-greenhouse nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezidingekayo zokutshala? Lapho ukhetha ukutshala impahla kufanele uqaphele imingcele elandelayo:

• ubukhulu bamajikijolo kanye nokunambitheka kwabo;
• izinhlobo ezihamba phambili;
• ukungathathi hlangothi ngokuphathelene nosuku;
• isifunda lapho i-hybrid isakhiwe khona;
• ukuvunwa;
• ukuphikiswa kwesifo;
• izinhlobo zokuvuna ezitshalwe yi-strawberries.

Uma ama-strawberries asetshenziselwa ukudayiswa, ke izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zezitshalo ze-strawberry ze-greenhouse zikhona likhulu futhi alilona amanzi, ngamajikijolo aphakathi nendawo. Iphikisana nokuhamba kahle futhi ithengisa kangcono kunamancane noma amakhulu.

Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zizibonakalise ngokwazo:

Alba - Ibanga lokuqala ngamajikijolo amakhulu kanye nezimfanelo zokuthutha eziphezulu, zihambisana nezifo;

I-Octave unemfanelo efanayo ne-Alba;

Queen Elizabeth - ezihlukahlukene ezihamba phambili, i-sweetberry berry of medium mass, iveza izithelo hhayi kuphela ezihlahleni, kodwa futhi ezitsheni zonyaka ofanayo, ezifanele ukuhamba, zidinga ukuvuselelwa ngonyaka;

Uju - amajikijolo amakhulu amakhulu kuze kufike ku-45 g, anesiguli esiphezulu futhi amelana nezinguquko zokushisa.

Alice - ukungathobeki, nge-immunity okuhle kanye namajikijolo amakhulu;

UChristine - ukuvuthwa kokuqala, okufanelekile ukuhamba.

Okokuqala, isivuno se-strawberry ku-greenhouse sincike ekukhethweni kwezinhlobonhlobo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulima. Uma udala izimo ezifanele nokunakekelwa kahle kwesitshalo uzohlinzeka ngezivuno eziningana ngonyaka.
Izici ezilandelayo zithinta isivuno:

• indlela yokukhula;
• Ukukhetha ukushisa;
• ikhwalithi yezinto zokutshala;
• izinga lokushisa, umswakama kanye nokuchelela;
• umquba okhethiwe kahle;
• ukuphikiswa kwesifo;
• imodi yokukhanya;
• imodi yokukhethwa kwe-pollination ekhethiwe kahle.

Unyaka wonke

Indlela yokutshala ama-strawberries ku-greenhouse unyaka wonke? Ukutshala ama-strawberries ku-greenhouse idinga olunye ulwazi kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuhambisana. Khona-ke umphumela omuhle uzonikezwa.

Ukukhetha i-greenhouse

Lokhu kuyisici esibalulekile, ngoba ukushisa okumele kube khona kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo ezifana nokusikeka okuhle okushisa, ukuqhuba ukukhanya, amandla nokumelana nezimo zezulu ezimbi.

Izinketho ezifanele kunazo zonke ingilazi kanye ne-polycarbonate. Indlela yokwakha i-greenhouse yokutshala ama-strawberries ngezandla zabo, funda kwi-website yethu.

Izinto zokutshala

Kusukela kukhwalithi yayo ngezindlela eziningi kuxhomeke emphumela wokugcinangakho-ke, kungcono ukuwuthengisa ezindaweni zokufakazela. Okukhethwa kwesibili - okuthembekile ngokwengeziwe - ukuzikhulisa ngokwakho ezinhlobonhlobo ezivele zibonisiwe. Kungcono ukukhetha izinto zokutshala kusuka ezitshalweni ezitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile.

Ukwenza lokhu, ehlobo, ukhethe izihlahla ezinamandla kunawo wonke, ezihle kakhulu. Bamake ngokubhalwe phansi. Ekupheleni kukaJulayi ukuqoqa amadevu enamandla kunawo onke, aqine kahle ngesakhiwo esithuthukile. Zingafakwa endaweni ehlukile ukuze phakathi nonyaka we-autumn (cishe ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba) zingadluliselwa endaweni engapheli endlini yokushisa.

Ukulungiswa komhlaba

Lapho ukhula ama-strawberries usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe beRashiya, inhlabathi ilungiswa kanje:

• phansi kombhede olungiselelwe ugcwele ubumba obunwetshiwe noma igravel emihle ye-5-7 cm;
• kulandelwa uhlaka lweshlabathi kusukela ku-8 kuya ku-10 cm;
• phezu kwesihlabathi kukhona ungqimba lomhlabathi ovuthiwe futhi ukhulelwe nge-superphosphate kanye ne-ammonium nitrate (10 g ngalinye 1 sq. m).

I-peat ingafakwa enhlabathini; ngeke ibeke kuphela i-porosity, kodwa iphinde inikeze izinga elidingekayo le-asidi. Ngaphandle kwalezi zifaka umquba nazo yenza i-potassium chloride (15 g ngalinye 1 sq. M). Ngobuchwepheshe beDutch, uma usebenzisa izimbiza, inhlabathi kufanele ibe yinyumba, engeyona enobuhlungu futhi ibuhlungu. Ungasebenzisa i-peat ene-steam nge sand, i-coconut fiber, noma i-perlite. Inhlabathi kufanele ilungiselelwe kahle ngaphambi kokutshala ama-strawberries.

Ungasebenzisi for sitrobheli umhlaba emva amazambane noma izitshalo ze-cruciferous (zonke izinhlobo zeklabishi, ama-salad, ama-radishes). Izwe elifanele kakhulu lapho okusanhlamvu kutshalwa khona.

Ukufika

Ukufika sekuphelile kusukela ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba ukuya ngasekupheleni kukaNovemba noma ekupheleni kukaFebruwari - ekuqaleni kuka-Mashi. Ngokuba ukuphuma kwezisekelo ensimini, ama-recesses ka 8-10 cm anziwe. Ibanga phakathi kwamahlathi Kumele kube ngamasentimitha angama-30. Ukuze ugweme ukuguquguquka kwesikhathi eside kwaleso sitshalo endaweni entsha, kungcono ukudlulisela indaba yokutshala nge-transshipment, ushiye umhlaba owengeziwe ezimpandeni.

Lapho ufika umhlabathi awukwazi ukugcwala umhlaba. Ngokushesha ngemva kokutshala, inhlabathi ihlanganiswe ne-sawdust ukulondoloza umswakama. Ukumboza umbhede nefilimu ku-greenhouse akufanelekile, kungabangela umswakama obumnyama nokubola kwezimpande. Izinsuku zokuqala ku-greenhouse kumele zigcinwe ngesikhathi sokushisa okungezansi kwe-25 °, lapho okulandelayo kungancipha kancane kancane ku-15 °.

Izithombe zama-strawberry ku-greenhouse:

Izici zokunakekelwa

I-strawberry iyinkosikazi enkulu engenasisekelo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuvunwa okuhle. ukuhambisana ngokuqinile nemithetho yokunakekelwa ngaye.

Ukuvota

Uma ungenakekeli impova, isivuno asikwazi ukuthola. Lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu yokutshala ama-strawberries abamba ukushisa. Emhlabathini ovulekile impova yizinambuzaneusebenzisa umoya nemvula. Ngokuba ama-strawberry e-greenhouse, ungasebenzisa imishini kanye nezindlela ezilandelayo:

1. Ukuhlela umoya nabalandeli. Zizokwenza ukuhamba komoya okuzodlulisa impova kusuka kwesinye isitshalo kuya kwesinye. Kumamitha angu-100 square. m abalandeli abangu-3 abanele. Zihlanganiswa kuphela esikhathini sokuvuna. Amahora ambalwa ngosuku uyoba okwanele. Ukuze ukhule ama-strawberries ase-remontant ku-abamba ukushisa - lokhu kuzodingeka kwenziwe njalo, njengoba kuqhuma izikhathi eziningana ngenkathi. Kulesi simo ukufakwa kufanele kwenziwe kuze kube izikhathi ezintathu ngesonto amahora angu-3-4. Ukusebenza kahle kufika ku-90%.
2. Uma izinga lokushisa likhulu, ungafaka isidleke ngezinyosi. Noma kunjalo, le ndlela inenkinga eminingi.
   Isikhala sokuhamba kwezinyosi asanele, ngakho kuzodingeka sikhululwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangakwazi ukugaya. Kodwa ukusebenza kahle kwe-pollination kungu-95%.
3. Ukufafaza ngamanzi kusuka kumapulisili abo ahleliwe - inhlangano yemvula yokufakelwa. Ngenxa yokunamathela kwempova kuze kube yomswakama, ukusebenza kahle kwe-pollination kuyi-45% kuphela.
4. Ngenomoya onamandla kakhulu nesimo sezulu esifudumele ungakwazi nje ukwenza uhlaka endaweni yokushisa, ukuvula amafasitela noma iminyango ehlangothini oluphambene.

Ukushisa nomswakama

Uma ngemuva kokutshala izinga lokushisa linganciphisa kuze kufike ku-15 °, bese kuthi njengoba isisindo se-vegetative sithathwa futhi isitshalo silungele ukuqhuma, izinga lokushisa kufanele livuswe futhi.

Ngalesi sikhathi akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-18 °. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kudingeka ukugcina ukushisa kwe-22-25 ° ukuze ugweme ukwehla kwe-ovary.

Kubalulekile! Kuphakeme kakhulu izinga lokushisa lizoholela ekwandeni kweqabunga lokulimaza izinga lezithelo.

Umswakama uyinkhomba ebalulekile. ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo. Emva kokutshala ukuthuthukiswa okuhle kwezithombo, akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-85%. Lapho izithombo zihluma, kancane kancane zinciphisa zibe ngu-75%. Ngesikhathi sokucwilisa nokucwilisa umoya umswakama akufanele kudlule 70%.

Ukukhanyisa

Ukukhanyisa ngqo kuthinta isivuno se-strawberries. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma ukhula ama-strawberries endaweni yokushisa ebusika. Ngokwesilinganiso, ebusika, usuku lokukhanya lwesitshalo kufanele lube okungenani amahora angu-12. Ungakwazi ukulidlulisela kanje, kufaka phakathi ukukhanya okufakelwayo:

• ekuseni kusukela ngo-8 kuya ku-11;
• kusihlwa kusukela ngo-5 kuya ku-8 ntambama

Ukuhlelwa kokukhanyisa okungeziwe ekukhanyeni okushisa okufanelekayo okukhanyisa izibani ezine-spectrum eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukuze ukhule ama-strawberries ngokukhanya, ungakwazi khuphuka ngqo ngenhla imibhede. Abanikeli ukushisa futhi abakwazi ukulimaza izitshalo. Ungasebenzisa futhi i-mercury nezibani ze-sodium, ezenzelwe ngqo izindawo zokugcina izithombo. Isibani sodium sinombala wemibala eduze kwelanga.

Ukunisela

Indlela elula kakhulu - ukuchelela ukuchelela. Kuhle ukuthi ungakwazi ukuqothula umanyolo emanzini, uhlelo oluzenzekela ngokuzenzakalelayo lushintsha kumvamisa kanye nevolumu yokuchelela. Emva kokutshala nangaphambi kokusila, kusetshenziswe indlela yokufafaza. Khona-ke kuthatha indawo yokunisela ngaphansi kwempande ukugwema amanzi ekuwehleni kwamaqabunga. Izinga lokuthambisa ama-strawberries - 1 isikhathi ezinsukwini ezingu-10.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Ukondla ama-strawberries adinga isikhathi 1 ngesonto. Ukunisela kwenziwa ngaphambi kokufaka umquba. Ngaphambi kokubunjwa kwama-ovari yenza ukugqoka okwesimanzi. Ngokuvamile zisebenzisa ama-droppings ezinyoni ahlakazwa ngo-1:15.

Lokhu kusetjenziswa kusetjenziswa: i-potassium usawoti (17 g), umanyolo we-phosphate (20 g), i-ammonium nitrate (10) ihlanjululwe ngamalitha ayi-10 wamanzi. Kungenzeka sebenzisa umquba okhethekile for strawberries, okwamanje etholakalayo kwi-assortment enkulu. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwe-fruiting, ukondla uketshezi kumile.

Izifo nokuvimbela kwabo.

Ukushisa akuyona ukuvikelwa okuphelele ngokuvela kwezifo ezihlukahlukene esihlahleni.

Kodwa ukuvimbela kulula kunokwelaphaNgakho-ke, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuzivikela:

• njalo umoya umoya wokushisa;
• Ungalimi izithombo kakhulu eduze komunye nomunye;
• ungadlulisi isitshalo;
• isikhathi sokutshala.

Izifo Ezinkulu

1. Ukubola okumhlophe. Kuyenzeka lapho umswakama uphakeme kakhulu, cishe awuphathwa. Isitshalo esibulalayo sisuswa ngokushesha futhi sishiswe. I-prophylaxis ungamisa umoya endaweni yokushisa;
2. Ukubala okumhlophe. Isizathu sokubukeka ukuchelela ngokweqile kanye nomswakama ophezulu. Iphathwa ngamalungiselelo e-Falcon, e-Euparin noma e-copper sulfate ngokwemiyalo kubo;
3. Idonsa likaMealy. Isizathu siwumswakama ophezulu nokushisa okuphansi.. Iphathwa ngekhambi le-sulfate noma isobho (4%). Kungcono ukukhipha isitshalo esibulalayo bese ulungisa izinga lokushisa nomswakama;
4. Ukuphazamisa okwesikhashana. Ithinta izimpande zesitshalo. Isibonakaliso - ukubomvu kwezimpande akukwazi ukubona ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, uma ekupheleni kukaMeyi isitshalo siqala ukomisa, kufanele siphathwe phansi futhi sihlolwe izimpande.

Ukukhula ku-abamba ukushisa ama-sitrobheli izindleko - abasebenzi kanye nezemali. Kodwa umphumela uwufanele. Lapho abanye bekhipha ibhisikidi efriziwe efrijini, ungayidla ngokuqondile ehlathini. Ukuphumelela nokuvuna okunomsoco okumnandi!

Buka ividiyo yendlela yokutshala ama-strawberry ku-abamba ukushisa: