Isithombo sesitshalo

Izici zokutshala nezitshalo ezikhulayo endaweni yokushisa, ukulungiselela, ukunakekelwa

I-Radish ingenye yemifino ethandwayo kakhulu emakethe yasekhaya, futhi uma usacabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uyakhula unyaka wonke, khona-ke akukho ntengo yesitshalo nhlobo. Noma kunjalo, ukuthola izitshalo ezinomsoco ezinomsoco noma kunoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kufanelekile ukunakekela izimo ezifanele zokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwazo.

I-polycarbonate ekhiqiza ngokushisa eyenziwe kahle ingasiza kulokhu, futhi sizokutshela ngama-nuances okusetshenziswa ngayo ukutshala isithombo.

Ukushisa

I-polycarbonate greenhouse - ukwakhiwa okunokwethenjelwa okwengeziwe, kunokuba indawo yokuhlala yefilimu, futhi ingasetshenziswa ngisho nasebusika.

Sincoma ukuthi ufunde ukuthi ungenza kanjani ukushisa okuvela ku-polycarbonate ngezandla zakho.

Kodwa-ke, uma ufuna ukukhula ngama-radishes unyaka wonke, kufanele uqaphele ezinye zezidingo zendawo enjalo yokukhula kwayo. Okokuqala, lezi zihlanganisa:

  • ukuzinza okuhle kwesakhiwo, okumele kunakekelwe ngisho nasesiteji sokuklama indlu yokushisa;
  • ukutholakala kohlelo lokuphuza umoya oluzovimbela ukwakheka komswakama ophezulu emva kokunisela;
  • ukutholakala kwesistimu yokushisa, ikakhulukazi uma uhlose ukusebenzisa isakhiwo phakathi nenkathi ebandayo (kungaba yi-propane noma kagesi: ukukhetha kuncike ngobukhulu be-greenhouse, izindleko zikagesi, imishini ngokwayo, njll);
  • okukhethiwe ngokucophelela kwekhasethi, okungafanele ukukhipha izinto ezilimazayo lapho kuhlangana nezinye izixazululo ezisetshenzisiwe (uma i-cassette indlela yokutshala isithombo isinikezwa);

Kubalulekile! Isixazululo esiphezulu ukusetshenziswa kwamakaseksi angu-40x40 lapho amangqamuzana angama-64 anikezwa khona, noma umthamo we-35x36 onama-49 amaseli.

  • izinga eliphakeme le-substrate ekushiseni okushisa (inhlabathi kumele ibe yinto evulekile, evundile futhi igcobe kahle, futhi uma uthanda, ungasebenzisa inhlanganisela yomhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo okuhloswe ukutshalwa kwezitshalo ezinkulu);
  • inhlangano yesimiso sokunisela, lapho kwenzeka ukutshala izilimo ezitshalweni kuma cassette kufanele kwenziwe yizikhukhula.

Indawo yokuhlala yasePolcarbonate elungiselelwe kahle inezinzuzo eziningana ngaphezu kokunye okukhethwa kukho okushisa okushisa okukhulayo, lokhu kungukuthi:

  • uhlaka oluthembekile, oluzinzile, oluhlelekile;
  • ukuqina kokusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo;
  • ukumelana neqhwa kanye neqhwa (kuze kufike amaqhwa anamandla);
  • ukubukeka kwe-eshetic.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo zokugcina izithombo ezinkulu, ezihlelwe ezakhiweni zezimboni, inguqulo ye-polycarbonate izoba eshibhile kakhulu, futhi umphumela uzoba cishe.

I-Sorta

Ngaphambi kokukhetha izithombo ezihlukahlukene zokutshala endlini yakho yokushisa, nquma ukuthi uhlela isikhathi esingakanani ukukhula. Ngokuvamile, ukwakha ukushisa kwe-polycarbonate nazo zonke izinhlelo, umnikazi wayo uthembele ekutshalweni kwezitshalo ngonyaka, ngakho-ke uma unezinhlelo ezifanayo, lapho ukhetha imbewu kufanele uqaphele izinhlobo zokuqala nezokuqala zokukhula endlini.

Thola ukuthi i-radishes iyasiza kanjani, ukuthi imifino isetshenziswa kanjani emithi yokwelapha, nendlela yokutshala ama-radishes.

Kusukela ezinhlobonhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala, ungalinda isitshalo izinsuku ezingu-20 emva kokutshala, phakathi kwezinyanga zonyaka-radishes zizolungele ukuvunwa cishe inyanga, kanti izinhlobo zamuva zizokujabulela ukuvuna ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-40.

Uma befisa, izinhlobo zokuvuthwa ezihlukene zingahlanganiswa ku-greenhouse efanayo, okuyinto ethandeka kakhulu, ngoba isivuno sesithombo sizobe sesikulungele ukuvuna sonke isikhathi.

Phakathi kokuqala kwe-rathouse isithombo sokushisa esinesibhakabhaka, kanye nokulinganisa okuphakeme kakhulu kochwepheshe, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zokuvuthwa zakuqala zingabonakala:

  • "I-Ultra Early Red". I-radish ebomvu ekhangayo kakhulu ye-shape shape, enomusa omuhle kakhulu futhi isisindo sibe ngu-15 g. Ngaphandle kwezitshalo ezimpande ngokwazo, futhi zisebenzisa ingxenye yalo eluhlaza, okuyinto enhle yokwenza isobho nezinaladi ezintsha. Isikhathi sokukhula sezinsuku ezingama-20.
  • "Ingane" - I-hybride, yamanzi futhi ehlukahlukene kakhulu, ebonakala ngokuvuthwa kakhulu: isitshalo singavuna kakade izinsuku ezingu-16 emva kokutshala.
  • "Izinsuku ezingu-18". Imifino enesisindo esincane, e-cylindrical enomusa omnene, omnene kakhulu. Njengoba kuboniswe esihlokweni, izinsuku ezingu-18 zanele ukuvuthwa okugcwele.
  • "Okokuqala". Olunye uhlobo oluthile oluvuthiwe oluvuthiwe oluzovuna izithelo zamanzi, ezinomsoco ezinkulu (kuze kube ngu-35 g ngalinye) seluvele luyizinsuku eziyi-16-18 emva kokutshala endaweni yokushisa. Iphikisana kakhulu nokuqhekeka futhi inikeza isivuno esikhulu: kusuka kumamitha angu-1 kuya ku 3.5 kg wezitshalo zempande ingavuna.

Uyazi? I-Radish yafika eRussia ngenxa kaPetru I, owawunikela kuhulumeni ngekhulu le-XVII. Ngokusho kwedatha yemlando, wacabanga ukuthi lesi sitshalo esiqhakazile siba yisitshalo esimangalisayo, sikwazi ukufudumala inhliziyo nokunika amandla. Yiqiniso, ngaleso sikhathi abaningi babengahlanganyeli imibono yenkosi, ngakho-ke ukuthandwa kwangempela kwafika kwisithombo kuphela ngekhulu le-XVIII.

Izinhlobonhlobo zakudala zokushisa okushisa abamba ukushisa zimelelwa yizinhlobo ezilandelayo:

  • "Olubomvu Ekuqaleni". Kubonakala ngokumelene nokukhwabanisa okukhulu nokuvunwa okuphezulu.
  • "Kwasekuseni saseFrance". Izithelo ezinama-cylindrical enambitheka kakhulu, ezingakhula kokubili kokushisa nokushisa. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa siyizinsuku ezingu-22-27.
  • "Sishisa". Ummeleli we-radishes oyingqayizivele: imifino ebomvu ebomvu ebomvu ebusweni obubushelelezi nesisindo sika 25-30 g ngasinye. Ungavuna ukuvuna okunomsoco futhi okunomsoco ezinsukwini ezingu-18-25 emva kokutshala. Izwa kahle kokubili ezimweni zokushisa kanye nasensimini.
  • Celeste - Dutch, hybrid, greenhouse ezihlukahlukene isithombo, ebonakala isivuno esihle kanye ukunambitheka omuhle kakhulu. Lesi sitshalo singenakuzithoba ekukhuleni nasekunakekeleni.
Yiqiniso, lokhu akuzona zonke izinhlobo ezifanelekayo zokukhula ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ze-polycarbonate, kodwa kunoma yikuphi, uma ukhetha imbewu, kubalulekile ukucabangela izidingo zayo zokwakhiwa komhlabathi kanye nokubunjwa kwenhlabathi, okuvame ukukhonjiswa ngumkhiqizi kuphakheji.

Ukulungiselela

Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela isithombo endaweni yokushisa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulungisa kahle i-substrate, lokho okwenziwe kusukela ekwindla. Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi ukuvunwa okunengi umhlabathi kufanele ube nomsoco ngokwanele, ngakho-ke ama-fertilizer amaminerali afakwa kuwo nge-superphosphate (40 g ngalinye 1 m²) kanye ne-potassium chloride (15 g ngalinye nge-1 m²).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuboniswe nge-neutral acidity, njengoba lesi sitshalo sivame ukungena enhlabathini enomsoco.

Kuzoba usizo kuwe ukuthi ufunde ukuzimela ngokuzimela ukuthi i-acidity yomhlabathi kusayithi, nokuthi ungayichitha kanjani inhlabathi.

Uma kunesidingo (uma umhlaba ususwe kakhulu izitshalo zangaphambilini), ungakwazi ukuwufaka ngokwengeziwe ngendaba ephilayo, ufake ibhakede lomquba ngamamitha ayi-square yendawo. Ngemuva kwalokho, inhlabathi kufanele igukwe, isulwe futhi ishiywe isikhathi esithile ukuze ihlele imigwaqo kancane kancane futhi izitshalo zokudla.

Okwesibili, ukukhishwa okulinganayo ngaphambi kokutshala isithombo endaweni yokushisa - ukulungiselela imbewu ekhethiwe. Konke kufanele kube mkhulu kakhulu (cishe ngo-3.5 mm) futhi uphile ngokuphelele. Ukuze ukhethe ama-sample specimens best, kuzodingeka wenze ukuhlelwa kwekhaya okujwayelekile, ukuhlunga yonke imbewu nge-2 mm sieve. Labo abahlala kulo, ungasebenzisa ngokuphepha ukutshala, ugibele ngaphambi kwalokho izinsuku ezimbalwa (vele ugobe nge-gauze emanzi, ugcine unamanzi sonke isikhathi esibekiwe).

Ukulungele imbewu yokutshala kufanele kube namahlumela ambalwa, futhi ngokushesha nje lapho bevela, bahlanza futhi banconywe kwisixazululo sokukhula se-stimulator amahora amaningana. Ngemva kwalokho, konke okutshalayo kuhlanzwa futhi kushiyiwe ukuze kumiswe ngokuphelele ngendwangu. Konke, kungenzeka ukuhlalisa isithombo endaweni eyabiwe kuyo.

Uyazi? Ukuze wenze imithombo ilungiselelwe imbewu ngendlela enembile ngangokunokwenzeka, i-tray yamaphepha evela ngaphansi kwamaqanda ingasetshenziswa njengemakaki, ibafake emhlabathini. Okusho ukuthi, ukuthola "izindlu" ezifanele kahle imbewu ngayinye akudingeki ukuba ihlupheke isikhathi eside ngokumaka okubhaliwe.

Ukufika

Uma i-polycarbonate greenhouse yakho ifakwe uhlelo lokushisa okuhle, khona-ke ungakwazi ukutshala isithombo njalo unyaka wonke, ukuhlwanyela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Noma kunjalo, ukhetho oluhle lubhekwa njengenkathi yasentwasahlobo (ngoMashi-Ephreli), ikakhulukazi uma ukhula imifino.

Lapho kufika ukushisa kokuqala nokwanda kwamahora omini, ngeke kudingeke uchithe imali eningi ngokushisa nokushisa, okwenza izitshalo ezikhulayo zizuzise kakhulu.

Inqubo yokutshala ama-radishes iqala ngokukhulula inhlabathi nokuhlela imibhede efanelekayo, ongayisebenzisa ngayo intambo ukubeka imifula ephakathi kuka-7-10 cm ngaphandle komunye nomunye, futhi wenze izimpande zamakhomitha ngayinye yazo (lokhu kuzosiza planochka encane). Emiphakathini ephumela, imbewu ifakwa ebangeni lika 1-2 cm komunye nomunye, bese efafaza ngenhlabathi elula. Ngokushesha emva kokutshala, ukuhlwanyela kuncibilikiswa kusuka ku-sprayer bese kwesokunxele ukukhula, kudala zonke izimo ezidingekayo kulokhu: lokushisa nokukhanya.

Lapho ukhula, ungase ubhekane nezinkinga nokufutheka, nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nezilokazane nezifo zesithombo.

Ukuze izithombo zijabule, izinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokufika kwazo kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-10 ... + 12 ° C, bese kuphakama ku + 16 ... + 18 ° C (ekahle ukuhluma). Ngokushesha nje lapho amaqabunga e-cotyledon eqala ukuvela, ama-indices okushisa awela ngokushesha ku-8 ... + 10 ° C futhi agcinwa kule nqanaba izinsuku ezintathu.

Ngokuqondene nokukhanyisa, izinkomba ezinhle kakhulu zizoba ngamanani ku-1200-1300 lux, ngosuku lokukhanya ngehora lesi-12. Ebusika noma ekuqaleni kokufika kwentwasahlobo, kuyadingeka ukugqamisa izibani ze-LED noma izibani ze-fluorescent. Izimo ezifanayo kufanele zibonwe uma zikhula ngama-radishes emakhasethi, kanti umehluko ungendlela elula kakhulu yokutshala (akukho lutho oludinga ukuphawulwa, okwanele nje ukubeka ingxube enhlabathini elungiselelwe ibe izimbobo ezincane bese ubeka izimpande kuwo).

Kubalulekile! Ukugcina ukumbozwa kwamahora angaphezu kuka-12 ulandelana akufanelekile, ngoba isithombo singase siphose imicibisholo.

Ukunakekela

Ukuze uthole umphumela omuhle ngesimo sokuvuna okunomthelela, akumane kungamukeleki ukungazinaki izidingo zokunakekela isithombo esitshalwe endaweni yokushisa. Njengokulima ezinye izitshalo zasensimu, kunezici ezimbalwa eziyinhloko kulokhu:

  • Ukunisela. Isithombo sikhula kahle kuphela ngaphansi kwe-substrate enomanzi, ngakho-ke inhlabathi akufanele ivumeleke ukuthi iphele. Umphumela walokhu kukhishwa kuzoba ukulahleka okukhulu kokuvunwa. Njengoba i-cassette ikhula, ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe kuphela kusuka ngezansi, ngokusebenzisa izimbobo ezikhethekile zemithombo yokugcoba, ukugcoba i-substrate kuze kufinyelele ku-10-15 cm. Ukuze umswakama ungapheli kancane, ufafaze umhlabathi nge peat noma humus.

Kuzokusiza ukuba ufunde mayelana nokwenza ukuchelela okunezinsizakalo kusuka ezindleleni ezingalungile noma amabhodlela eplastiki ngezandla zakho, futhi ufunde ngezinzuzo zokunisela okuzenzakalelayo.

  • Umswakama. I-Radish ayithandi umswakama ophezulu, njengalesi simo ingozi yezifo ezijwayelekile ziyakhula izikhathi eziningana (okuvamile "umlenze omnyama"). Ukuze ukhiphe ukubonakaliswa okukhona kwalesi sifo, kuyinto efiselekayo kakhulu ukuvuselela ukushisa emva kokunisela okunye.
  • Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Umanyolo wezitshalo ezitshaliwe wenziwa ngokuyinhloko uma kungenwe izakhi ezanele emhlabathini ekwindla (ngaphambi kokutshala). Ukwengeza, kungenzeka ukuba kucebise i-substrate ngosizo lwe-superphosphate ehlanjululwe emanzini, urea noma umuthi wokhuni, kanye ne-nitrogen fertilizer nayo iyoba usizo. Lesi samuva senziwe ngesisekelo sokubalwa kwe-20-30 g ngehora elilodwa le-square yendawo.
  • Weeding kanye thinning. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa emva kokutshala ama-radishes, kuzodingeka ukuthi kudingeke ukuba kuhlungwe, kungenjalo, esikhundleni sokukhula kwezitshalo zempande, uzobona ukwanda komthamo wezitshalo. Esikhathini esizayo, udinga ukuhlwanyela okuncane futhi ukhululeke emhlabathini.
  • Ukuvimbela izifo. Ukuze ugweme ukubonakala nokuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezivame kakhulu izidakamizwa, ukwelashwa okuvimbela akufanele kukhishwe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izitshalo ezincane zingasetshenziselwa isixazululo sokhuni lwamapulangwe kanye nesepha yokuhlanza ku-2: 1 isilinganiso. Ngale ndlela, ungavikela isithombo sakho kusuka powdery isikhutha futhi kakade okukhulunywe "umlenze omnyama" ngokungezelela scaring away iklabishi moth, midfire cruciferous kanye namacimbi okuvela kuso.
  • Ebusika. Uma kukhona uhlelo lokufudumala endlini yokushisa, ubusika akufanele kube yinkinga, ngoba izitshalo ezifudumele, akukho umehluko okwenzeka emgwaqweni. Kodwa-ke, uma usebenzisa lesi sakhiwo kuphela ngenkathi efudumele futhi ngaphandle kokushisa, kuyodingeka ukhathalele indawo yokuhlala yokuhluma kwezinhlumela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nasekwindla ekwephuzile (ngokuvamile i-polyethylene ithulwe phezu kwemibhede).

Kalula nje, ukufaka umzamo omncane kakhulu, uthola isivuno esihle se-radish esiphundu futhi enempilo eyenziwe ekhaya, esilungele ukuvuna.

Ukuqoqwa nokugcina

Ngokuvuna, ungahamba ngezinsuku ezingu-30-45 emva kokutshala isivuno, lapho isithombo sakhula sibe ngamasentimitha amabili noma ngaphezulu. Ukulibaziseka ngalokhu akufanelekile, ngoba lesi sitshalo singaya emcibisholo futhi sibe ngokweqile ngokweqile, akufanelekile ngezinhloso zokudla. Ukuvuna kwenziwa ngokukhetha, kushiya izithelo ezincane ensimini ukuze zivuthwe. Ngemuva kokuthi konke ukuvunwa kwenziwe, kuhlala nje ukulungisa inhlabathi ngomjikelezo olandelayo wokutshala, ngoba lesi sitshalo singakhula endaweni yokushisa eyenziwe nge-polycarbonate unyaka wonke.

Ukuvunwa kufanele kugcinwe ekamelweni elipholile, lifakwe ngaphambilini emaphaketheni.

Ukusebenzisa i-polycarbonate greenhouse for radishes ekhulayo, uzobona izinzuzo emva kokuvuna kokuqala kwezitshalo, futhi akunandaba uma ukhula ukuze uzisebenzise noma uzithengise. Konke okudingayo ukuphumelela yisikhathi esincane nesineke, futhi umphumela wemizamo yakho iyoba isithombo esiphundu nesiphunga elikhule ngaphandle kwe-nitrate.