Ama-cranberry ayithumbu elibalulekile levithamini elikhula kumabhodlela we-sphagnum ezimweni lapho ezinye izitshalo eziningi ze-berry zingakhuli khona. Phezu kwama-cranberry angama-bog ajwayelekile ezakhamuzini zaseRussia North, okurekhodi lokuqina kobusika, kukhona futhi izinhlobo zemvelo ezingathandeki ezinamajikijolo amasentimitha amabili - iklabishi elikhulu laseMelika, elilungele ukutshala ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zama-cranberry: ubusika obunamandla bomsipha nobukhulu be-thermophilic
Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho neRussia, amahektha amaningi emvula ahlala ezihlahlwini zasendle ezinkulu zemashi, ezingakwazi ukumelana nobusika obunzima obunamafrimu angama-40 degree.
Ukutshala izinhlobo zamasiko aleli bhele elimangalisayo lezokwelapha kwaqala maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule esiteshini sokuhlola saseKostroma, lapho kudalwa khona izinhlobo eziningi ezimelana kakhulu nobusika obunamajikijolo ezaziphindwe kabili noma kathathu kunezinhlobo zemvelo. Ezinye zazo aziphansi ngobukhulu ezinhlotsheni ezinhle kakhulu zamajikijolo aseMelika, zibadlula kakhulu ekwandeni kweqhwa.
Izinhlobo zezithelo ezinkulu kakhulu zohlobo lwama-cr crops (igalari yezithombe)
- Ubuhle basenyakatho buvuthwa ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba, izinhlobonhlobo zibonakaliswa ngamanani aphezulu wokuphikiswa kwezifo nokumelana nesithwathwa
- Isipho seKostroma sibonakala ngokukhiqiza okuphezulu namajikijolo amakhulu
- Ama-cranberry Severyanka angawokuhlobana nokuvuthwa okuphakathi, okubekezelelwa eqandeni kufinyelela kuma-degrees angama-33
Izici eziqhathaniswayo zezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu ezinezithelo ezinkulu zama-cr crubert (itafula)
Isihloko | Ubukhulu be-Berry (g) | Ukukhiqiza (kg / sq. M) | Umbala we-Berry | Isikhathi sokuvula |
Ubuhle basenyakatho | 1,5 | 1,4 | Ubomvu okhanyayo | Ukuhamba kwesikhathi |
Isipho seKostroma | 1,9 | 1,0 | Ubomvu obumnyama | Okuphakathi |
I-Northerner | 1,1 | 0,9 |
ENyakatho Melika, kukhula olunye uhlobo luk cranberry - ama-cranberry amakhulu amakhulu, ahlukile kuma-crane amajikijolo aseYurophu ngamajikijolo aminyene, ukuba khona kwamahlumela athela izithelo, isikhathi sezimbali eside kanye nokuqina kobusika.
Yangeniswa esikweni ngaphambili kakhulu, vele ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka ngaphambi kokugcina. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezinamajikijolo amakhulu, ezokuqala nobusika obunzima kunazo zonke zingatshalwa ezimeni zaseRussia: ukusuka esifundeni saseMosos naseningizimu.
Izinhlobo ze-cranberry ezinkulu zaseMelika (igalari yesithombe)
- IBen Lear ingezinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa, ezilungele ukuzalaniswa kulo lonke elaseRussia
- I-Cranberry Pilgrim - Izinhlobo zokuvuthwa sekwephuzile, amajikijolo angalingani angagcinwa isikhathi eside
- Ama-Big Pearl Cranberry anamajikijolo amakhulu; izinhlobonhlobo zisetshenziselwa ukukhula ezikhundleni zezimboni.
- Izinhlobonhlobo zeMac Farlin zibonakala ngokukhiqiza okuphezulu, umbala wamajikijolo umnyama, ucishe waba mnyama
- AmaCranrus Stevens avuna ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, amajikijolo angagcinwa kuze kube unyaka ngaphandle kokucutshungulwa
- Ama-cranberries Hovez amelana nesithwathwa futhi ukukhanya kwelanga
Izici eziqhathaniswayo zezinhlobonhlobo zik Cranberry ezinkulu zase-American (ithebula)
Isihloko | Ubukhulu amajikijolo (ububanzi, mm) | Ukukhiqiza (kg / sq. M) | Umbala we-Berry | Isikhathi sokuvula |
Ben Lear | 18-22 | 1,6-2,0 | Maroon | Kwasekuqaleni kakhulu (ukuphela kuka-Agasti - ukuqala kukaSepthemba) |
I-Pilgrim | 20-24 | 2,0-2,5 | Ubomvu obumnyama | Medium (ukuphela kukaSepthemba - ukuqala kuka-Okthoba) |
I-Big Pearl | 18-20 | 1,5-2,0 | ||
UMac Farlin, kwesinye isikhathi ubhala ngephutha iMacFarlane | 16-24 | 1,4-2,0 | ||
AmaStevens | 18-24 | 0,8-2,5 | ||
I-Howes (Howes) | 15-19 | 1,0-1,9 | Bomvu | Ekupheleni (Okthoba) |
Ividiyo: cranberry ezinkulu zasensimini ezinkulu
Ukukhethwa kohlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zama-cranberry ngokukhula ezifundeni
- ENyakatho neNyakatho-Ntshonalanga yeRussia, i-Urals, neSiberia: lapha ungakhula kuphela izinhlobo ezifuywayo zama-cranberries amakhulu, ngobuningi obukhula endle ezinhlafuneni eziningi zalesi sifunda. Ama-cranberry amakhulu aseMelika lapha awanakho ukushisa okwanele kwehlobo kokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo.
- Isifunda esisenkabeni yeRussia (kufaka phakathi isifunda saseMoscow), inyakatho yeBelarus: zonke izinhlobo zama-cr crubus ezikhula kahle. Eminyakeni ethandeka kakhulu, ukuvuna kwezinhlobo zakuqala ze-cranberry kungenzeka.
- Izifunda zaseChernozem zaseRussia, eningizimu yeBelarus, e-Ukraine: izimo ezinhle zazo zonke izinhlobo zama-cranberries amakhulu, kanye nezinhlobo zokuqala zikakhokhobhula ezinkulu ezinezithelo. Ukuqhubekela phambili kwalesi sitshalo eningizimu kukhawulelwe ngokushisa ngokweqile okuphezulu kwehlobo nomoya owomile.
Zikhula kuphi izigaxa zamakhaza?
Endle, ama-cranberry akhula ngokukhethekile kuma-sphagnum bogs, okuyi-ecosystem eyingqayizivele ngokuphelele enezici ezikhethekile kakhulu:
- Izinga eliphakeme lamanzi aphansi komhlaba ahamba ngqo ebusweni bomhlaba.
- I-acidity ephezulu kakhulu yenhlabathi (pH 3.0 - 5.5).
- Inhlabathi icishe ibe yakhiwe ngokuphelele i-peat - i-substrate evumayo evele emzimbeni eyenziwe yakhiwe nge-peat moss efile.
- I-Sphagnum bukhoma i-peat moss emboza cishe yonke indawo yesibhuku esinjalo i-antiseptic enamandla yemvelo evimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo ezibekekayo.
Ngokufanelekile, efaneleke kakhulu ngokutshala ama-cranberry engadini ama-peatlands. Lona kuphela uhlobo lomhlabathi olungadingi ukulungiswa okukhethekile kokutshala ama-cranberry. Ungakwazi ukumaka ngokushesha imibhede nesitshalo.
Izinhlabathi ezinobumba obukhulu azifaneleki ngokuphelele. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, ukutshalwa kwe-cranberry kungenzeka kuphela emiseleni yokugcwalisa egcwele ukugcwala. Ezindaweni eziphansi ezinomhlabathi wobumba, lapho kwakhiwa imisele, kufanele kunikezwe umfula ofanele kanye nemisele ukuze amanzi angabutheli ngemuva kwezimvula ezinkulu noma iqhwa elincibilikayo. Ngokungafani nodaba lokuphefumula “olunokuphefumula” olwenziwe njalo, udaka olunamanzi lufana nodaka nosimende, izimpande ziyaqhuma bese ziyafa.
Inhlabathi enesihlabathi esikhanyayo ingabhekwa njengefanelekile kuphela uma kungenzeka ukuthi kunisela nsuku zonke. Zitholakala kalula emoyeni nasezimpandeni, kepha zomile ngokushesha okukhulu. Emhlabathini onesihlabathi, inani elikhulu le-peat yamahhashi liyadingeka ukukhulisa umthamo womswakama kanye nokufeza i-acidity oyifunayo. Ukuze ulondoloze kangcono umswakama, kungakuhle ukuthi ulayishe imisele yokutshala ama-cranberries ngefilimu yepulasitiki ezingqekweni eziningana.
Lapho ungabeka khona ama-cranberry engadini
Ama-Cranberry adinga:
- okuvulekile, kuvunyelwe, inhlabathi ene-asidi kakhulu (pH 3.0 - 5.5);
- ukuntuleka kokhula, ikakhulukazi ama-rhizomes angapheli;
- ukukhanyisa okuhle;
- amanzi omhlaba awadlula ngaphezu kwesigamu semitha ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba (ezimweni ezibucayi, angathathelwa indawo ngokunisela okugcwele nsuku zonke).
Ukuvumelana kwe-Cranberry nezinye izitshalo
Ezinye izitshalo ezivela emndenini we-heather zinezidingo ezifanayo kuma-cranberry kuya ku-acidity yenhlabathi: i-lingonberry, i-blueberries, i-blueberries, i-crowberry, i-rosemary, ne-rhododendrons. Izidingo eziseduzane kakhulu zenzelwe ama-cranberry, ama-blueberries kanye nomqhele wamanzi, futhi ngokwemvelo zivame ukukhula endaweni yangomakhelwane kuma-marm hummocks, ezindaweni ezikhanyiswe yilanga ngokwanele. I-Ledum ikhula kumaxhaphozi afanayo, kanye nama-berry herbaceous perennials aqhamuka emndenini weRosaceae - ama-awolberry namakhosazana. Ama-Blueberries nawo athanda umswakama, kepha akhetha izindawo ezinamahloni angenamahloni. I-Lingonberry ithanda izindawo ezomile kanye nokukhanya okuhle, ngokwemvelo ikhula emahlathini omile kaphayini emhlabathini onesihlabathi, ngakho-ke kungcono ukungayitshali engadini embhedeni ofanayo nokhokho abancane ngenxa yokubusa okungafani. Ukudonswa kwamanzi kahle kuyadingeka kuma-rhododendrons; awakwazi ukubekezelela umswakama okweqile. Emiphakathini yemvelo, zonke lezi zitshalo zingabangane be-conifers (ngesi-spruce, kaphayini, larch, juniper). Lapho ubatshala engadini, kungakuhle futhi ukwengeza inhlabathi encane evela ehlathini le-coniferous nge-heather yasendle ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi inhlabathi iqukethe i-mycorrhiza - isikhunta esingaphansi komhlaba esingaphansi esithanda ukukhula kwezimpande.
Izitshalo zabalingani zama-cranberry (igalari yezithombe)
- Amajikijolo amancane we-lingonberry anomnambithi omuncu wesimo
- Ama-Strawberry ambozwe nge-peel kanzima
- Ama-Blueberries asetshenziselwa izinjongo zokwelapha.
- Ama-Blueberries adliwa amasha futhi asetshenziselwa futhi ukwenza iwayini.
- Ama-Cloudberry asetshenziswa ekudleni okwelaphayo
- I-Cloudberry - imbiza ehlala njalo ezindaweni ezisenyakatho
- Amakhosazana ama-Berry amakhosi abukeka njengama-raspberries
- Isikhulu singumbhoshongo, siqeda ukoma kahle
- I-Ledum marsh esetshenziselwa amakha
- UDaurian Rhododendron - isihlahla esihlala siluhlaza
Musa ukutshala ama-cranberry ngqo ngaphansi komqhele wesihlahla: okokuqala, kudinga ukukhanya okuhle, futhi okwesibili, izimpande ezinamandla zezihlahla zomisa inhlabathi kakhulu.
Lapho ukhetha omakhelwane ama-cranberry, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amahlumela awo amade aphansi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle akhula ngokushesha, amboze ingaphezulu lomhlabathi ngekhaphethi oqinile ohlaza okotshani.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, ama-cranberry thickets ahlala isikhathi eside futhi ahlala endaweni eyodwa amashumishumi eminyaka.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi nokutshala i-cranberry
I-acidity ephezulu yenhlabathi edingekayo kuma-cranberries (pH 3.0 - 5.5) iqinisekiswa ngokusetshenziswa kwenqwaba ye-acidic peat ngesikhathi sokutshala. I-Peat ephansi ayinayo umphumela oyifunayo we-acidifying ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwe-acidity yayo.
Umehluko phakathi kokuphamba okuphezulu nokuphansi (ithebula)
Uhlobo Peat | Umbala | Isakhiwo | Umswakama |
Ihhashi | Umdaka onsundu | Iqukethe imicu yezitshalo ezinkulu, ezinamaqabunga, ehlukaniswe kahle izitshalo | Phezulu kakhulu (pH 3.0 - 4.5) |
ILowland | Mnyama | Cishe homogenible, yakhiwa izinhlayiya ezincane | Phansi (pH 5.0 - 5.5) |
Kuwo wonke umhlabathi, ngaphandle kwezimbumba zemvelo zepuni, ama-cranberry atshalwa emiseleni elungiselelwe ngokukhethekile ngomhlabathi we-peat. Inqubo imi kanje:
- Gaya umsele ongaba yingxenye yemitha ukujula, imitha noma isigamu ububanzi.
- Izinhlangothi zomsele kufanele ziqiniswe ngamabhodi we-antiseptic-soaked.
- Uma inhlabathi inesihlabathi, ulayini umsele ngefilimu yepulasitiki ezingxenyeni ezi-2-3. Phansi kwefilimu ezindaweni eziningana, bhoboza nge-pitchfork ukuze kungabikho ukuzuma kwamanzi.
- Uma inhlabathi ingubumba, beka ungqimba lwezitini ezaphukile zokudonsa ngaphansi komsele.
- Gcwalisa umsele nge-peat acidic, kungenzeka ngokufakwa kwesihlabathi sama-coarse ngesixa esingu-3: 1. Kuyalule futhi ukuthi ungeze udoti omncane obolile wasehlathini ukwenza inhlabathi i-mycorrhiza.
- Amanzi kakhulu.
- Tshala izithombo ze-cranberry ebangeni elingamasentimitha angama-20-30 ukusuka komunye nomunye.
- Kungcono ukuthi ufafaze ingaphezulu lehlabathi le-peat ngesendlalelo sesahlabathi somfula ukuvikela ukukhula kokhula.
- Amanzi futhi.
- Uma isimo sezulu sishisa, kunelanga, ngesonto lokuqala kunconywa ukutshala umthunzi ngezinto ezingambozeliwanga.
Akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa i-limestone itshe elichotshoziwe nezinye izinto ezifanayo ukuze kwakhiwe imisele nokudonsa, okunciphisa i-acidity yenhlabathi.
Kungcono ukutshala ama-cranberry entwasahlobo, ukuze izitshalo zibe nesikhathi sokhula kahle ehlobo. Inyanga yokuqala ngemuva kokutshala kumele iniselwe nsuku zonke.
Ukunakekelwa Kwe-cranberry
Inkinga enkulu ngama-cranberry akhulayo ukugcina inhlabathi enesidingo (pH 3.0 - 5.5). Ukulawula i-acidity, kuyadingeka iphepha elikhethekile le-litmus, elithengiswa ezikhungweni ezingadini nasezitolo zezilwane emnyangweni wezempahla e-aquarium. Ukuthola i-acidity, inamba encane yenhlabathi ihlanganiswa namanzi ahlanganisiwe, umucu wephepha lesikhombisi ufakwa kulolu ketshezi futhi umbala wayo uqhathaniswa nezinga lokulawula elitholakala kwiphakheji.
Amanzi wokunisela i-cranberry nawo adinga ukulawulwa. Okokuqala, kufanele kube acidic ngokwanele, njengomhlabathi. Noma iyiphi i-acid isetshenziselwa ukwengeza amanzi, kusuka ku-viniga element kuya ku-electrolyte yebhethri yemoto.
Ukuphepha: njalo engeza inani elincane le-asidi esitsheni elinamanzi amaningi, futhi akukho okunye. Ama-asidi agxilisiwe ayingozi futhi abangela ukushiswa kokuxhumana kwesikhumba.
Okwesibili, amanzi akufanele abe nzima. Amanzi athambile kakhulu avela ezimvula, iqhwa elincibilikayo, avela kumachibi athile emvelo. Imithombo eminingi neziphethu zobuciko zinamanzi anzima kakhulu anokuqukethwe okuluhlaza okwedlulele, amanzi anjalo awakulungele ukuniselwa kwe-cranberry.
Izimpawu zamanzi anzima:
- itiye eliphuzwe kabi, liphenduka linamafu futhi alinambithezi;
- insipho, i-shampoo, i-powder yokuwasha ayigwebu kahle;
- insipho ejwayelekile iyaphuma masinyane.
Ama-cranberry kufanele aniselwe njalo ngamanzi athambile ashukela, ukuvikela inhlabathi ukuthi ingoma. Ezindaweni ezinokuvela okujulile kwamanzi aphansi komhlaba (kude nesigamu semitha ukusuka ebusweni benhlabathi), ukuthambisa nsuku zonke kuyadingeka ekushiseni.
Cranberry top ukugqoka
Kuyenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuthi kungeniswe umquba, umquba, izinyoni kanye nokunye okunamanyolo okune-nitrogen ngaphansi kwama-cranberry. Ukusuka ezintweni eziphilayo, yi-peat kuphela efanelekile. Unyaka wokuqala noma emibili ngemuva kokutshala, awukho umanyolo odingekayo nhlobo. Kamuva, kwenziwa umquba wamaminerali kuphela kumithamo emincane kakhulu, kuphela entwasahlobo nasengxenyeni yokuqala yehlobo (kuze kube maphakathi noJulayi). Isilinganiso esilinganiswayo sonyaka kumitha eyodwa yesikwele (esatshalaliswa ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo kuma-reception ama-3):
- 5 g ka-urea,
- 15 g we-superphosphate
- 10 g we-potassium sulfate.
Akukho ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kwezifo ezinambuzane kanye nezifo ze-cranberry okudingekayo.
I-Marsh cranberries ebusika kahle ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala eyengeziwe. Izithombo ezinkulu ze-cranberry zingafakwa kancane ngamagatsha e-spifleti we-coniferous.
Emasimini wezimboni ezifundeni ezingenawo amathile ebusika, ama-cranberry kwesinye isikhathi aqandisiwe eqhweni ebusika. Uma kwenzeka kuba nesithwathwa esishintshashintshayo ngaphansi kuka-5 ° C, okutshalekile kuthelwa ngamanzi ngesendlalelo esingamasentimitha angama-2-3, ngemuva kokuqandisa kubuye kuphindwe kuze kube yilapho izitshalo zikusayizi weqhwa ngokuphelele. Entwasahlobo, kudonswa amanzi amaningi ohlelweni lokudonsa amanzi.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ukuqala engxenyeni yokuqala kaJuni, ama-cranberry angahlushwa isithwathwa. Ukuvikela, amahlathi aqhakaza izimbali ambozwe nge-agrofibre noma ifilimu yepulasitiki ebusuku. Ntambama, ukukhoselwa kuyasuswa.
Ukusakazeka cranberries engadini
Ama-cranberry asakazeka ngokuhlaza (ngokusika) kanye nembewu.
Ukusakazwa kwama-cranberry ngokusika okuluhlaza
Le yindlela elula. NgoJuni, ukusika okungaba amasentimitha ayishumi ubude kufanele kusikwe kusuka amahlumela amasha akhulayo futhi atshalwe embhedeni we-peat, kungashiyi amaqabunga angaphezu kuka-2-3 ngaphezulu komhlaba. Amanzi nsuku zonke, ukuvimbela ukoma kwenhlabathi. Kungambozwa ngefilimu ukuze kulondolozwe umswakama. Ungahlwanyela ngokushesha endaweni ehlala njalo, ama-2-3 cuttings ku-1 hole. Ehlobo, ukusika izimpande ngempumelelo.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu yomqhele
Lapho kungekho khona izithombo noma izilimo ezenziwe ngomumo, ama-cranberry nawo angatshalwa kusuka ezinhlanyelweni. Izici zokuhlukahluka azivame ukulondolozwa ngesikhathi sokusakazeka kwembewu, kodwa izitshalo ezitshalwe kusuka ezinhlanyelweni zivumelaniswa kangcono nezimo zezulu zasendaweni.
Inqubo imi kanje:
- Lungisa imbiza engaxutshwe egcwele inhlanganisela emanzi ye-peat yamahhashi ngokungeza okuncane kwesihlabathi somfula.
- Sakaza imbewu ye-cranberry emhlabathini.
- Fafaza ngesendlalelo esincane (1 millimeter) sesihlabathi somfula.
- Amanzi ngokucophelela.
- Mboza imbiza ngentambo yepulasitiki.
- Isiqandisi sokuhlwayelwa esikhungweni sokushisa sika + 3-5 ° С.
- Cwilisa lapho izinyanga ezingama-2-3, ukhipha umoya nsuku zonke futhi, uma kunesidingo, ukuchelela, ukuze inhlabathi ihlale imanzi kancane.
- Ngemuva kokuba i-stratation isiphelile, hambisa ibhodwe liye egumbini elinokushisa kuka + 15-20 ° C, uqhubeke ngokunisela njalo ngamanzi.
- Amahlumela azovela kumaviki angama-2-4 alandelayo.
- Ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga angempela amaningi, izithombo zitshalwa emiphongolweni ehlukile nge-peat ingxube.
- Engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni, tshala izitshalo emhlabathini ovulekile embhedeni we-peat.
Ukubuyekezwa
ukulima ukuhlukahluka akukhona nzima, into esemqoka okufanele uyikhumbule: uthanda kakhulu umhlabathi we-peaty, izimpande ze-cranberry azizwakali, ungajuli ngokujula kuka-15 cm cm ukuze ukwazi ukwenza ama-acid ridges
Natali//forum.homecitrus.ru/topic/19666-neobychnyj-iagodnik-kliukva-i-brusnika-sadovye/
Namuhla nginombhede ongama-40 cm ngama-cranberry. Ngokuyinhloko, lesi sitshalo asimiseli, okuwukuphela kwenhlabathi kungumhlabathi omuncu futhi sitshalwe embhedeni ngaphandle kokhula, ngoba ukuzikhipha kuma-cranberry kuyinkinga - kukhishwa, njengomthetho, kuhlangene nama-cranberry. Ngoba ama-cranberries ajikijela amagatsha, lawo avele ajule lapho esexhumene nomhlaba, akha irubi eliqhubekayo.
Ryzhulya//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/22029/
Ngikhule ama-cranberry eminyakeni eminingana edlule, ngakhula kahle (ngithanda inhlabathi ye-acid, inisela futhi inesithunzi esithile), kepha angibonanga zimbali kanye namajikijolo. Ibanga "I-Pilgrim", elibekwe ku-Interflora. Wahlukana ngaphandle kokungabaza.
Irina Kiseleva//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=8486
Ama-cranberry atshalwa kalula ezindaweni eziphakemeyo ezinamashy enomhlabathi we-asidi we-peaty namanzi asondelene naphansi, futhi ngalezi zimo lapho ekhula endle. Lokhu kuphazamiseka okungafanele kwezinye izilimo kungashintshwa kalula kube ngamapulangwe cranberry. Uma izici zokuqala zesayithi zingahambelani nezidingo zawo, ama-cranberry akhulayo adinga imicimbi ekhethekile futhi ethatha isikhathi futhi angaba nentshisekelo engadini yama-amateur, njengokulangazelela okungajwayelekile.