Utamatisi unomsindo impela. Ngaphambi kokutshala, abalimi kufanele banake ikakhulukazi izimo ezikhulayo. Ukuthola izithelo zokuqala zivuthwe, zikhulela ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, endaweni eshisayo nakwezinye izinhlobo zenhlabathi evikelekile. Ukukhulisa isivuno esivulekile, kuzofanele utshale imali eningi yokusebenza, isikhathi nemali. Umzamo uzoholela ekuweni.
Ukutshala utamatisi endaweni ebamba ukushisa endaweni yabo, umhlali wasehlobo uthola imifino, engaqukethe amakhompiyutha ayingozi.
Utamatisi udliwa okusha futhi kukheniwe. Ezithelo eziqoqiwe yenza amalungiselelo, amasaladi ahlukahlukene, ujusi katamatisi. Ngokuvamile kufakwa ezitsheni ezishisayo.
Izinhlobo zama Greenhouse
Izithombo zokugcina izithombo zihluka ngokwakhiwa. Uhlobo ngalunye lunezinzuzo zalo nokubi kulo. Izindawo zokukhosela ezihlanganisiwe zilungele kakhulu utamatisi okhulayo. Banikeza ukukhanyisa okuhle. Izinto okwenziwa kuzo lo greenhouse zibuye zisebenze.
Ezimweni eziningi, yi-polycarbonate noma ifilimu. Inketho yokuqala iyathandeka. Lapho ukhetha ukwakheka kwefilimu, kufanele ugxile enanini lezendlalelo. Kufanele kube ezimbili zazo. Eyesibili iyasuswa ngemuva kokumiswa kwezinga lokushisa ezingeni lika + 18 ... +20 ° С.
Izinzuzo zokukhula utamatisi endaweni abamba ukushisa
Abalimi abakhetha le ndlela baqondiswa yilezi zinzuzo ezilandelayo:
- Ukulawulwa kokushisa Utamatisi uyazwela kulokhu. Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi abakubekezeleli ukuswakama ngokweqile. Ngenxa yendawo yokukhosela yamafilimu kanye nohlelo lokuphefumula olucatshangwe kahle, isivuno esitshaliwe ngeke sibe nezimo zezulu ezimbi.
- Khuphula umkhiqizo. Ngokuncike kuzo zonke izidingo ezidingekayo, izokwenyuka ngezikhathi ezingama-2-3.
- Ukuvuthwa okusheshayo kwemifino.
- Ukumelana nokulimaza sekwephuzile. Lesi sifo kuyaqabukela sithinta utamatisi otshalwe endaweni abamba ukushisa kuyo.
- Ukwenza ngcono okwenziwe ngcono.
Ukuze isivuno esitholwe ekupheleni kwesizini singadikibali, umhlali wasehlobo kuzodingeka anake ama-nuances amaningi. Ukunakekela utamatisi otshalwe ku-greenhouse kuyinkimbinkimbi. Uma kungekho lwazi kanye nengozi ehambelana nakho yokufa kwezithombo kukhulu impela.
Ukulungiselela kwe-Autumn kanye nentwasahlobo
Lesi sigaba sibaluleke kakhulu. Konke kuqala ngokuhlanza igumbi. Kufanele kwenziwe ekupheleni kwesizini ngayinye.
- Ukusuka ku-greenhouse, udinga ukususa izithelo ezisele neziqongo. Ngakho-ke, banciphisa ingozi yezifo zokukhunta. Amagciwane atholakala ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zenhlabathi, ezingxenyeni zawo ezingaphezulu.
- Ngemuva kokususa izinsalela, lo greenhouse kufanele ugezwe ngamanzi anensipho.
- Isinyathelo esilandelayo kufanele kube ukuhlanza, ukugaya nokudweba kwezindawo ezonakele. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuvikela ukugqwala kanye nokwenza ngcono ukubukeka kwesakhiwo.
- Izingxenye zokhuni ziphathwa nge-antibacterial kanye ne-antifungal agents. Phakathi kwazo, i-sulfate yethusi iyodwa. Izingxube zingathengwa esitolo esikhethekile noma zenziwe ngezandla zakho. Ngemuva kokusebenzisa amalungiselelo aqukethe isibabule, uhlaka lwensimbi lungaba mnyama ngombala. Lokhu kungenxa yezakhiwo zento echaziwe. Ngakho-ke, imali enesakhiwo esifanayo kuzodingeka ishiywe. Ngaphansi kwezimo, ukwakheka kufanele kuhlanganiswe nesisombululo sikalamula we-chlorated. Ukwakheka kwamanzi nesithako esisebenzayo kufanele kungeniswe amahora ama-4-5. I-greenhouse kufanele iphathwe ngamagilavu kanye ne-respirator.
Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukumba, kufanele:
- khipha inhlabathi engaphezulu;
- gciwane inhlabathi ngesixazululo se-sulfate yethusi;
- yenza umanyolo wamaminerali nowokuphilayo
Ubuningi bezakhi zomzimba ezilungiselelwe kusuka ezintweni ezi-organic zethulwe ekujuleni kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3 cm ngaphambi kokutshalwa utamatisi endaweni eluhlaza.
Lapho ulungisa inhlabathi uvame ukusebenzisa umanyolo oluhlaza wemvelo. Imithombo ecebile yomquba oluhlaza ibandakanya ubhontshisi, i-phacelia, i-lupine, i-colza, i-clover emnandi, i-oats, isinaphi, i-alfalfa kanye nebhali.
Ukuthatha umhlaba kumasayithi lapho lezi zivuno bezitshalwe khona phambilini, abahlali basehlobo bazokwazi ukuthola isivuno esihle. Ukuhlanza kwenziwa ekwindla. Eminye imisebenzi ingenziwa entwasahlobo.
Emavikini lamabili ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, inhlabathi kumele ikhululwe, bese ukhula luyavunwa. Lokhu kuzosiza kahle. Uma inhlabathi ingavundile ngokwanele, ivundiswa ngezinto eziphilayo. Nge-1 m², ama-2-3 kg womanyolo we-organic ayadingeka. Kwakhiwa imibhede, kubhekwa imingcele elandelayo:
- ukuphakama - 40 cm;
- ububanzi - 90 cm.
Phakathi kwemisele noma izimbobo kufanele kube okungenani amasentimitha angama-60. Utamatisi udinga ukukhanyiswa okuhle, ngakho-ke lo greenhouse kufanele ube sendaweni evulekile, ukusuka empumalanga kuye entshonalanga. Ngisho nokuncipha kancane kungaholela ezithelweni eziphansi.
Amabhuloho akha izinsuku eziyi-10 ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo. Ukuze kufakwe indawo ekhethiwe, utshani, sawdust noma izinaliti zibekwa ngaphansi komhlaba. Ubukhulu bengqimba kufanele okungenani bube ngu-10 cm. Ngemuva kokubeka umquba nomhlaba. Ebusika, inhlabathi kumele imbozwe yiqhwa. Uyomxwayisa ngeqhwa. Ibhonasi eyengeziwe ukuthambisa kwenhlabathi entwasahlobo.
Ukukhulisa izithombo nokuzinakekela
Ngokubamba okuluhlaza okotshani, izinhlobo zezinhlanzana ezizixubile kufanele zikhethwe. Enye yezinto ezidumile kakhulu yi-verlioca.
Ukulungiselela imbewu, inhlabathi, iziqukathi
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukulungiselela imbewu. Ngokucutshungulwa kwabo, kusetshenziswa iFitosporin-M. Le nqubo ivame ukuthatha imizuzu eyi-20. Ngemuva kokusebenzisa isivuseleli sokukhula.
Imbewu inqatshelwe ngokuqinile ukutshala ezweni elingalinywanga. Ukuthola izithombo eziqinile, landela i-algorithm ethile:
- Hlanganisa inhlabathi enosawoti esizeni.
- Shiya izikhwama emgwaqweni noma kuvulandi.
- Inyanga ngaphambi kokufakelwa, alethwa egumbini elifudumele. Inhlabathi iyavinjezelwa, ikhululwe emgqonyeni kadoti futhi ichithwe ngamanzi ahlanzekile.
- Inhlabathi ephathisiwe ithathwa ngaphandle kumakhaza. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi yiqhwa. Ngakho-ke qeda ama-parasites namagciwane. Ukuthuthukisa umphumela, inhlabathi iyabanjiswa. Ukuze enze lokhu, ugcinwa kubhavu wamanzi amahora amaningi.
- Umhlaba olungiselelwe uhlanganiswa ne-humus ne-peat. Zonke izinto zithathwa ngokulingana. Amanzi, umlotha, isihlabathi esihlanganayo ne-superphosphate kuyenezelelwa kule ngxube. Enhlabathini ethengiwe ungafaki ezinye izithako. Umhlabathi kumele ukhululeke futhi ube nomsoco.
Sabalalisa umuthi wokuhlanza izithombo, uluhlanze ngamanzi agobhozayo. Ukuphakama okuncane kungamasentimitha ayi 7. Beka ingxube yenhlabathi ezitsheni ezikhethiwe. Chitha. Shiya amabhokisi wodwa izinsuku eziyishumi.
Funda kabanzi ngokulungiselela izithombo zamatamatisi ekhaya lapha.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo
Utamatisi uhlwanyelwa kusuka ngoFebhuwari kuya kuMashi. Inqubo ilula:
- Faka umhlabathi emabhokisini.
- Yenza ama-grooves, ukujula kwawo kungadluli ku-1.5 cm.
- Faka imbewu kuzo. Phakathi kwazo udinga ukushiya izikhala ezilinganayo.
- Fafaza imbewu ngenhlabathi.
- Mboza ibhokisi ngentambo epulasitiki ecacile. Kushiywe kuze kuqhume amahlumela. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ifilimu livulwa kancane ukuze kungene umoya omncane.
- Iziqukathi ze-seedling zibekwa egumbini lapho okushisa komoya kungu-+22 ° C nangaphezulu. Ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, le nkomba yehlela ku- +18 ° C.
- Amahlumela akhule kumakhasethi nabadwebi badinga ukukhetha. Ukuqaliswa okusebenzayo kwale nqubo kuzoqinisekisa ukukhula okuhle kohlelo lwezimpande. Ukuthathwa kokuqala kwamatamatisi kwenziwa ezinsukwini ezingama-7-10 ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga. Izithombo akufanele ziniselwe ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo.
Izitshalo kumele zithuthelwe esitsheni esihlukile ngokunakekelwa ngokweqile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uhlelo lwezimpande lungathinteka. Ukuze utamatisi uthathe izimpande ngokushesha enhlabathini, kumele aqiniswe amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokutshala. Kuvunyelwe ukuqhuba amabhokisi ngaphandle uma izinga lokushisa lomoya lingaphezu kuka +12 ° С.
Futhi funda mayelana nesikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo ngokuya ngekhalenda leLunar.
Sitshala izithombo endaweni ebamba ukushisa
Utamatisi utholakala ngokubandayo, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokutshala kubalulekile ukulungiselela imibhede yohlobo oluphakanyisiwe. Ukusheshisa inqubo yokushisa, inhlabathi idinga ukumbozwa nge-polyethylene emnyama. Ukushisa komoya ngaphakathi kwegreenhouse kufanele okungenani kube ngu +20 ° C. Izithombo zitshalwa ngokuya ngohlelo olucabangayo. Kunqunywa ngokugxila ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zamatamatisi. Ukubhekisisa ikakhulukazi kufanele kukhokhwe kubanga phakathi kwamagciwane:
- igxilwe futhi igqinsiwe - hhayi ngaphansi kwama-40 cm;
- ukwehla, kwakha isiqu esisodwa - 25 cm;
- mude - ngaphezu kwe-60 cm.
Utamatisi ku-greenhouse atshalwe ephethini lokuhlola. Ngokubheka zonke izincomo, ziqondiswa yi-algorithm elandelayo:
- Yenza izimbobo. Ukujula kwabo kufanele kube kukhulu kunokuphakama kwethangi.
- Imigwaqo ichithwa kusengaphambili ngesisombululo esilungiselelwe.
- Thatha ngokucophelela isitshalo ngasinye kanye nenqwaba yenhlabathi "yendabuko". Uma utamatisi watshalwa emabhodweni we-peat, khona-ke lesi sinyathelo singeqiwe.
- Tshala utamatisi emigodini. Kulokhu, kufanele kubhekwe ama-nuances ambalwa abalulekile. Ukuze izithombo zikhule kakhulu kuzodingeka zambe izimbobo ezijulile. Azidingi ukugcwaliswa ngokuphelele. Umhlaba kufanele usimboze ngokuphelele uhlelo lwezimpande. Ngemuva kokuqinisa lokhu kokugcina, kuhlanganiswa inhlanganisela yenhlabathi evundile emgodini. Izinga lokukhula kufanele lenyuke ngo-12 cm.
Utamatisi udluliselwa kabusha kusihlwa noma ekuseni. Isimo sezulu kufanele sibe namafu.
Kukhethwe usuku lokufika, kucatshangelwa uhlobo lokwakha nezimpawu zokuhlukahluka. Utamatisi atshalwe ezindaweni zokugcina ukufudumala ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Uma indawo yokukhosela yamafilimu ingenayo uhlelo lokufakelwa olwengeziwe, ukufakelwa kwenziwa ngoMeyi 20 kuya kuMeyi 25. Ukushisa kwenhlabathi okuphezulu kuyehluka kusuka ku-+12 ° С kuya ku- +15 ° С. Umklamo kuzodingeka ukuthi ufakelwe ungqimba olwengeziwe lwefilimu isikhathi esibonakala ngoshintsho lokushisa olubukhali ebusuku.
Abalimi abanolwazi bavame ukutshala izinhlobo eziningana ngasikhathi sinye ku-greenhouse efanayo. Babekwe ngemigqa ehlukene. Esokuqala senziwa ngasemaphethelweni wesakhiwo. Kulesi sigaba, imatric yasekuqaleni okuvame ukutholakala. Umugqa wesibili wakhiwa endaweni engaphakathi. Lapha, izinhlobo ezijwayelekile nezikhulu ezinkulu zitshalwa.
Akunandaba nezimpawu zokuhlukahluka, le mithetho elandelayo kufanele ibonwe:
- Iminyaka efanelekile kakhulu yokufuduka isuka ezinsukwini ezingama-45 kuye kwezingu-50. Izitshalo ezikulesi sigaba zimelana nezimo zokugcina ukushisa.
- Utamatisi kumele uniselwe kahle ngaphambi kokutshala.
- Izithombo, ezikhule kakhulu, kufanele zisuswe emaqabunga aphansi.
- Ohlelweni lwempande lusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke imbobo, umgodi kufanele ugcwaliswe ngamanzi.
- Umhlaba ozungeze isitshalo udinga ukuhlanganiswa futhi kufakwe phakathi.
Esinye isinyathelo esiyisibopho ukuvikela ukulinyazwa sekwephuzile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa isisombululo sethusi namanzi, kanye ne-Bordeaux liquid. Isonto ngemuva kokutshala, umhlaba udinga ukukhululwa. Lokhu kuzohlinzeka nge-oxygen eyanele ku-rhizome.
Uma ubude bukhona kuhlu lwezimpawu zokuhlukahluka, amadivayisi wokubopha kufanele afakwe eduzane nomgodi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukulimala kwezimpande ngeke kugwenywe.
Umhlali wasehlobo angasebenzisa enye yalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- Izikhonkwane. Zenziwe ngezinsimbi zokuqiniswa, amapayipi amancanyana enziwe ngeplastiki, izingodo zokhuni nezinduku zensimbi. Le ndlela ibhekwa njengehlala isikhathi eside. Izikhonkwane zihamba ngamatshe angama-25-30 cm emhlabathini. Isiqu samatamatisi aphakathi nendawo asongwe ngempahla esele ilungisiwe. Lawa madivayisi ahamba ngokulandelana. Badonsa ngocingo lwensimbi ne-twine eqinile. Ibanga phakathi kwesiqu kufanele okungenani libe ngu-40 cm. Isivuno siyanda ngenxa yokuba khona kwamahlumela aseceleni.
- I-Trellis. Zivame ukusetshenziselwa izinhlobo ze-garter indeterminate. Ezimweni ezinhle, utamatisi ufinyelela kumamitha angama-6,6. Usebenzisa i-trellis, ungonga isikhala. I-1 m² yanele ehlathini ezi-3-4.
Izithombo, ukuphakama kwazo okuhlukahluka kusuka ku-25 kuya ku-35 cm, kukhule ngokuqondile. Lapho ukutshala akufanele kungcwabe isiqu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kuzovela izimpande ezingeziwe, ezizonciphisa kakhulu ukukhula kwesitshalo. Omunye umphumela ongemuhle kungaba ukuwa kwama-inflorescence kusuka kubhulashi lokuqala.
Egreenhouse kufanele kube nama windows. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi akhiwe phezulu nangaseceleni. Ngawo ahlinzeke umoya omncane. Ukuheha izinyosi nezinye izinambuzane egumbini okudingeka ukubeka ngalo isosi noju. Uma isimo sezulu sihle, amawindi nezicabha kudingeka zibe yi-ajar.
Ukunakekelwa utamatisi ku-greenhouse
Ukukhiqiza kuncike ekutheni imisebenzi yezolimo izokwenziwa kanjani futhi nini. Utamatisi yizitshalo ezidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Uhlu lwezinqubo kumele lubandakanye.
Ukunisela
Esokuqala senziwa ezinsukwini ezingama-5-10 ngemuva kokutshala. Amanzi kufanele afudumele (cishe +20 ° C). 5 m² ka-ketshezi uyadingeka nge-1 m². Ngomswakama ngokweqile emhlabathini, ikhwalithi yamatamatisi izokonakala kakhulu.
Bayoba amanzi futhi acidic.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Kwenziwa kaningana ngesizini, kugxilwe ohlelweni olungiselelwe ngaphambilini. Kunqunywa ukuthi kubhekwe ukwakheka kwenhlabathi yokuqala nezimpawu zokuhlukahluka. Inqubo yokuqala yenziwa emasontweni ama-2 ngemuva kokutshalwa kwezithombo. Umanyolo kumele ube ekujuleni kwe-ketshezi. Isixazululo senziwa ngamanzi, i-mullein ne-nitrophos. Ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye yenza 1 litre yokwakheka. Ukugqoka kwesibili okuphezulu kwenziwa ezinsukwini eziyi-10 emva kokuqala. Kulesi simo, kusetshenziswa i-potassium sulfate esetshenzisiwe. Nge-1 m² kukhona amalitha ama-5. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-14, izihlahla zichithwa ngenhlanganisela eyenziwe ngomlotha ne-superphosphate. Ngemuva kokuqala kwesikhathi sokuzala, kufakwa i-sodium humate enhlabathini.
Ukuphefumula
Ngokufaka umoya omncane njalo, umhlali wasehlobo uzokwazi ukulawula izinkomba zokushisa. Le nqubo kufanele yenziwe amahora angama-2-3 ngemuva kokunisela. Emini, abamba ukushisa kufanele kube + 18 ... +26 ° С, ebusuku - kusuka +15 ° С kuya phezulu. Uhlelo olusebenzayo lokungena komoya olunqabile luvimbela ukubuyiswa kwemali.
Garter
Ngosizo lwamadivayisi akhethekile bavimbela umonakalo ongadalwa yisisindo esifile sezithelo nobuningi obuluhlaza. Iziqu ziboshwe ezigxotsheni nasezinkalweni ngosizo lweziqeshana zepulasitiki, imichilo yendwangu, i-twine, i-twine. Ukuphakama kwe-trellis kufanele kube cishe ama-2 m.
UStepson
Inqubo yenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwakheka kwesiqu ngaphandle kwamagatsha aseceleni. Babizwa ngokuthi izingane zokutholwa. Zikhula kusuka kumaqabunga enhlamvu yamaqabunga. Ngenxa yenani elikhulu le-green eluhlaza, kukhona ukwanda kwesikhathi sokuvuthwa nokugawulwa kwezihlahla. Phakathi kokungathandeki okwengeziwe, ukugqama kwezifo zokukhunta kuyaqokonyiswa. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ubungozi bokuvela kwabo buvele bungekho ngokuphelele.
Izinqubo zisuswa ngeminwe emibili. Ubude bezinqubo ezilandelanayo akumele budlule ku-5 cm. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isitshalo sizogula isikhathi eside. Izakhamizi eziningi zasehlobo zisebenzisa izingxenye ezisikiwe ukuthola amahlathi amasha. Lokhu kuyiqiniso uma izinhlobo zihlukile. Izinyathelo zithathelwa emhlabathini ngemuva kokuba izimpande zivele phezu kwazo.
Izinqubo zamatamatisi ezikhule ku-greenhouse kumele zisuswe lapho zikhula. UStepson akufanele abe ngaphezu kwesonto elilodwa. Ukuphakama kwamakholomu ngokusebenza kahle kwesitshalo ngu-2-3 cm.
Ukungcola
Utamatisi zihlukaniswa ngokuthi izitshalo self-pollinating. Ukusheshisa inqubo, amabhulashi ezimbali kufanele anyakaziswe kahle. Umphumela ofanayo ungatholakala ngokuthepha isigaxa. Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuthambisa. Ekhiqizwa ngamathini wokunisela noma ngosizo lwedivayisi yokudonsa.
Lapho nje izithelo sezithululelwa, umhlali wasehlobo kufanele aqede amaqabunga aphansi. Lokhu kuzosiza ukunciphisa umswakama womoya futhi kusebenze kahle isisindo esiluhlaza.
Ngesikhathi ukwakhiwa kwesiqu, ungashiyi amabhulashi angaphezu kuka-8. Ngokupholisa okucijile ku-greenhouse, udinga ukubeka izitsha ngamanzi ashisayo.Ukuze uthuthukise umphumela, izithombo kufanele zimbozwe. Okuqukethwe kumele kube okungahanjwanga.
UMnu Dachnik wazisa: izeluleko zokukhulisa utamatisi endaweni eluhlaza
Lapho unakekela utamatisi, kufanele ucabangele izincomo ezilandelayo:
- Ukuvimbela ukwenzeka kwezifo nemiphumela emibi, izihlahla zivame ukuphathwa nge-infusion yegalikhi. Ilungiselelwe kusuka kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi no-40 g wesithako esiyinhloko. Lesi sakamuva sichotshozwa.
- Lapho ulawula umbuso wokushisa, isigaba sokukhula kwezitshalo kufanele sibhekwe. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa ngesikhathi sasemini ku-greenhouse kufanele kube ngu-24 ... +26 ° С, ebusuku - + 17 ... +18 ° С. Umswakama omkhulu ngu-60-65%.
- Utamatisi unconyelwa ukuniselwa ekuseni ngamanzi, abenesikhathi sokuzinza.
Lapho umquba utamatisi, udinga ukushintshana ngomanyolo wamaminerali nowokuphilayo. Ukuze wandise ukunambitheka kwe-Vitamin C, i-boric acid kufanele ifakwe kumanyolo. - Ukufeza ukukhiqiza okuphezulu, ngemuva kokunisela utamatisi, igumbi lidinga ukufakwa umoya. Ukhula nokhula kwenhlabathi kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngosuku olulandelayo.
- Utamatisi onempilo unombala okhanyayo. Kungashiwo okufanayo ngamakhorali ngesikhathi sezimbali. Iqabunga lasemini liqhakaza kancane ukusonteka. Ebusuku baqonde ngqo ngaphandle.
- Uma izithelo zithole u-brownish tint, kufanele zisuswe ngaphandle kokulinda ukuvuthwa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kokubukeka nokunambitheka kuzohlupheka.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Ukuvunwa kufanele kuvunwe kuze kufike lapho izinga lokushisa lasemini lehlela ku-+8 ° C. Ukunquma usuku lokuqoqwa kwamatamatisi, kufanele unake isigaba sokuvuthwa. Okokuqala, utamatisi uluhlaza, bese ephenduka apinki, ubisi noma nsundu. Esigabeni sokugcina, izithelo zithola umbala ogcwele. Ukuhlanza kwenziwa kangcono ekuseni. Ngalesi sikhathi, utamatisi unamandla futhi.
Izithelo zibekwa kubhasikidi ezimbozwe ngendwangu evela ngaphakathi, noma emabhakede. Ngemuva kokuhlunga, utamatisi ufakwa emabhokisini enkuni. Umthamo wokugcina uvame ukuba yi-8-12 kg. Impilo eshalofini lamatamatisi incike kakhulu ekuthini ukuvuthwa nombala we-peel. Isibonelo, obomvu obuqhakazile obunamanzi kugcinwa izinsuku ezingama-5-7 kuphela. Utamatisi onsundu uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuvuna, ngakho-ke kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuwagcina izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-12-16.
Uma ukugcinwa kwesikhathi eside kuhlelwa, udinga ukuqoqa izithelo kusigaba sokuqala sokuvuthwa.
Utamatisi ongakavuthwa ubekwa ezingqekweni ezi-3. Badinga ukubeka izithelo ezimbalwa ezivuthiwe. Utamatisi kufanele ugcinwe ekushiseni kwe + 10 ... +12 ° C. Umswakama womoya akufanele wedlule i-80-85%. Ngaphandle kwalokho, utamatisi uzoqala ukubola. Inqubo yokuvuthwa imvamisa ihlala izinyanga ezingama-2-3.
Izakhamizi eziningi zasehlobo zisebenzisa indlela yokubeka yasekuqaleni. Sekusele isonto ngaphambi kweqhwa lokuqala, kubhajwe izimbali ezinotamatisi ongavuthiwe bese kufakwa kwizipikili ezansi. Izinga lokushisa lomoya liyahlukahluka + 1 ... -5 ° С. Ezimpandeni ezisendaweni engenhla, umhlaba kufanele uhlale. Kulokhu, utamatisi uqala ukucula ekuqaleni kobusika. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa sithatha isonto.
Izinhlobo ezivuthiwe ezigciniwe zigcinwa ezinde kakhulu. Ukunweba isikhathi, emabhokisini enkuni udinga ukubeka i-birch sawdust ne-peat chip. Utamatisi ngamunye ngaphambi kokugoqeka ezitsheni kufanele usongwe ngephepha elithambile. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuwagcina esiqandisini. Ngaphandle kwalokho, iphunga lizohlupheka. Utamatisi osuvele uvuthiwe awunconyelwe ukudalulwa ukukhanya kwelanga.
Abalimi abaningi bancamela ukugcina utamatisi ovuniwe.
Amaphutha ekukhuleni utamatisi endaweni ebamba ukushisa
Uma umhlali wasehlobo enze amaphutha, kungavela izinkinga lapho kukhula isivuno. Imbangela yokubonakala kwawo inqunywa ngokuya ngezibonakaliso ezihambisana nalesi.
Inani elikhulu kakhulu lomanyolo we-organic ne-nitrogen, ukukhanyisa okunganele kanye nokunisela ngokweqile kuboniswa ukukhula okushesha. Izici ezingeziwe zifaka ibrashi yezimbali ebuthakathaka, fatliquoring yesisindo semifino kanye nokuntuleka isivuno.
Ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga, kufanele:
- wenqaba ukuchelela izinsuku ezingama-7-10;
- shintsha umbuso wokushisa;
- yenza i-superphosphate ephezulu yokugqoka.
Ukugxila okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekuvinjelweni kwezitshalo. Lesi silinganiso se-agrotechnical senziwa ngokuxhawula isandla. Kwenziwa kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezinhle.
Ukuwa kwezimbali nezithelo kubangelwa umoya omncane omubi, inhlabathi eyomile, ukukhuphuka okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa. Ukubuyisela isitshalo empilweni, kuyadingeka ukubuyisela uhlelo lokungena komoya, qinisekisa ukuthambisa okujwayelekile, kuqinise umbuso wokushisa. Amabhasi azokhiqiza isivuno esihle uma enempilo.
Uma kungenazithelo ezinkulu ezivuthiwe ezandleni ze-lateral, kufanele uqoqe utamatisi ocishe uvuthiwe. Isinyathelo esilandelayo kufanele kube ukuthambisa okuningi. Izinqubo ze-foliage kanye nezinhlangothi azinconywa ukuba zincitshiswe. Uhlu lwezinyathelo ezisebenzayo lubandakanya ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa ngamazinga athile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, vula iminyango namafasitela. Uma konke kwenziwa kahle, utamatisi owakhiwe ezinhlangothini zeziqu uzoqala ukuvuthwa. Utamatisi osuswe kubhulashi main ugcinwa efasiteleni izinsuku eziningana.
Izitshalo ezibuthakathaka azikwazi ukunikeza isivuno esihle. Le nkinga ingenzeka ngezizathu eziningi. Phakathi kwazo, ukukhanya okuphansi ngaphakathi kwegreenhouse kuyahlukaniswa. Utamatisi uthanda ukukhanya, ama-berry bush nezihlahla azikwazi ukutshalwa eduzane nokwakhiwa. Ukunganaki lesi sigaba kugqame ngokuncipha okukhulu kokukhiqiza kanye nokulahlekelwa ukunambitheka.
Utamatisi awunotshalwa endaweni eyodwa iminyaka eminingana. Ukugwema ukwehla kwenhlabathi, lesi siko kufanele sishintshwe ngamakhukhamba. Abalimi abaningi bahlukanisa abamba ukushisa kube izingxenye ezimbili. Isidingo salesi silinganiso singabangelwa yizidingo ezahlukahlukene ze-agrotechnical. Ukhukhamba badinga umswakama ophansi kanye lokushisa komoya. Uma umhlali wasehlobo efuna ukuthola isivuno esiningi, kuzofanela adale yonke imibandela edingekayo.
Ngenxa yokubola kwezimpande, umhlali wasehlobo kuzofanela aguqule inhlabathi minyaka yonke. Okungenani ungqimba olungaphezulu, obubanzi bawo bungama-cm ayi-12. Ukucutshungulwa, kwenziwe ngesixazululo esikhethekile, kuzosiza ukukhohlwa ngokushesha izinkinga ngezithombo. Isixazululo sokufafaza silungiselelwe ngesisekelo somuthi i-Oksikhom ne-sulfate yethusi. Ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kwezifo, udinga ukuqapha inhlanzeko yezandla lapho welapha izitshalo ezigulayo nezinempilo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, sonke isivuno siyohlupheka.
Uma izindlela zokuvimbela zingathathwanga ngesikhathi, ukulahleka kwezitshalo kungavinjelwa ngamalungiselelo aqukethe i-silicon. Akhiqizwa womabili amafomu awuketshezi nangefomu lethebhulethi. Lapho uzisebenzisa kufanele ziqondiswe yimiyalo esetshenzisiwe. Kumele ifakwe ekwakhiweni.
Ukuvikela izithombo elangeni elikhanyayo lentwasahlobo, amafasitela engilazi abamba ukushisa okudingeka ukuthi acwecwe. Ngakho-ke, ukushisa ngokweqile kwezithombo kungavinjelwa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izoshisa ngaphansi kwemisebe yayo evuthayo.
Lapho wenza utamatisi, umhlali wasehlobo angakhetha okukodwa kokulandelayo:
- Iziqu ezingama-2-3 - isivuno esiningi, sinciphisa ukuvuthwa;
- Iziqu ezi-2 nenqubo etholakala ngaphansi kwebhulashi lokuqala;
- Iziqu ezi-3 kanye nendodana yokutholwa enamandla kakhulu.
Lapho ukhula utamatisi, udinga ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuvikela zemvelo. Ungakhohlwa ngokulimaza i-organic. Ngokwazi konke okufihlakele, umhlali wasehlobo uzokwazi ukunciphisa ubunzima benqubo. Ukuvimbela ukwenzeka kokulimala sekwephuzile nezinye izifo, kuyadingeka:
- khetha izinhlobo ezinobuthi;
- tshala izithombo ngephethini elimiselwe ngaphambili;
- ukwenza ukuvikela okuhlose ukuqeda ama-causative agents walesi sifo.
Ochwepheshe abakukhuthazi ukusebenzisa umanyolo ngenqwaba ye-nitrogen enhlabathini kuze kube yilapho kuvela amaqanda ebhulashi lokuqala. Ngokungalingani kwamakhompiyutha amaminerali ne-organic, kungahle kudingekile ukulungisa. Ngaphambi kokuqamba uhlelo lokutshala, kudingeka ufunde imiyalo esephaketheni ngembewu, uzijwayeze nekhalenda lenyanga Ungakhohlwa ngendawo ye-greenhouse. Umnqamulajuqu wokulanda utamatisi ngoSepthemba.
Utamatisi yimifino okungekho khishi engenza ngaphandle kwayo. Ngakho-ke, ukufika kwabo akunakulindeka ukuba ngumdlalo ongenalutho. Ukulandela imithetho elula elula nokunikeza ukunakekelwa okuphelele, vele maphakathi noJuni, ungabeka utamatisi ovuthiwe esizeni sakho etafuleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlimi unokukhetha okubanzi ukwedlula umthengi ojwayelekile. Esitolo esikhethekile, ungathatha kalula okuhlukahlukene okuhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo ezichaziwe. Ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezinhle, ukuvuna ngeke kuthathe isikhathi eside.
