Kuye wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi yini i-millet. I-Millet - Lona isitshalo saminyaka yonke esiluhlaza semikhiqizo yamabele. Amasiko aneziqu ezinama-cuff enomumo omkhulu wenombolo ye-nick branching kusuka empandeni. I-inflorescence i-paniculata, i-spikelet ngayinye inezimbali ezimbili - abesilisa nabesilisa nabesifazane.
Indlebe yesitshalo i-convex ohlangothini olulodwa, ihlelwe kwesinye. Izithelo zalesi sitshalo yi-okusanhlamvu okwenziwe nxazonke noma obol. Namuhla, abalimi abakhulu bezinambuzane baseChina, eNdiya, kaningi kakhulu - i-Ukraine, iRussia, i-Kazakhstan.
Uyazi? I-Millet isetshenziswa njengenzalo yokuphepha. Uma ukutshala izitshalo zasebusika ngesizathu esithile akuzange usinde, sebenzisa imithi.
Izidingo zomhlaba
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokwandisa i-millet ingumhlabathi omnyama noma umhlabathi we-chestnut. Ezimweni zokuhluma komunye umhlabathi, kunesibopho sokusebenzisa umanyolo okhethekile wezimbiwa, ngoba izimpande zesiko azihambisani nezinto eziwusizo.
I-Millet ayibekezelelisi inhlabathi e-acidium, engcono yokulima - inhlabathi engathathi hlangothi. I-Millet idinga izakhiwo ze-aeration zomhlaba. Emhlabathini owomile onamahlumela aphezulu anomswakama uyafa.
Abanduleli abalungile nababi
Ukutshalwa kwe-millet kuhle kakhulu emhlabathini ngemuva kokuqoqa izithelo, i-clover, i-flax, izitshalo noma izitshalo ezingekho. Kuyinto engathandeki ukuhlwanyela inambuzane emva kwentwasahlobo okusanhlamvu, sunflower, Sudanese. I-Millet ekushintsheni kwezitshalo ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa njenge-monoculture, ngoba kunengozi yezifo ze-fungal.. Ummbila usebenza njengesandulela esingathandeki, ngoba utholakala nesifo sengculaza.
Kubalulekile! Ukujula kokungena kwezimpande zamabele kunamamitha amabili. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuyihlakulela ezindaweni ezingamelana nesomiso.
Umanyolo womhlabathi we-millet
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe isivuno sezitshalo eziphakeme, izitshalo zomanyolo ze-nitrogen ne-phosphate ziyasungulwa. Ngokungafani namanye amasiko i-millet, ehlwanyelwe umanyolo we-nitrogenous, esikhundleni seziqu ezinamandla eziluhlaza ezinika isivuno esikhulu. Ngaphansi kokulima, umanyolo we-ammonia-nitrogen usetshenziswa. Ekulimeni kokuqala okukhuliswe nge-nitrate. Kunconywa ukuthi ama-organic ngenxa yokukhula kokhula uma ekhula abandulela.
Ukwelashwa kwezithombo nge micronutrients ezingekho enhlabathini kuyoba ngempumelelo. Ekuqaleni kwenkathi ekhulayo, izinto zephosphorus zenziwa ukugqugquzela ukukhula kwesimiso. Ukwakheka kokusanhlamvu okulinganayo, izinga lokusetshenziswa komanyolo lamukelwa: i-nitrogen - 1.5 kg; i-phosphoric - 2.0-3.5 kg; i-potash - 1.0 kg.
Ukukhethwa kwezinhlobonhlobo nokulungiselela imbewu yokuhlwanyela
Ukukhethwa ngokucophelela nokucubungula okugcwele okuyimbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela kuyisiqinisekiso sokuvunwa okuhle. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu ezincelisayo. Uma ukhetha imbewu, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici nokucaca kwezimo ezikhulayo zesitshalo esinikeziwe: inhlabathi ye-acidity, imvula, ukuzala kwenhlabathi, ukukhulelwa kokhula, imbewu yokuhluma, isikhathi sokuhluma, izinga lokushisa.
I-Millet kufanele ikhethwe ngokusekelwe kokusakazeka kokulima ngokusekelwe endaweni yakho. E-Ukraine, kunezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye zama-millet, okuyi-Veselopodolyanskoe 176, i-Veselopodolyanskoe 16, i-Kievskoe 87, i-Omriyane, i-Mironovskoe 51, iKharkovskoe 31, iSlobozhansky.
Ukuze uthuthukise ukuhluma nokuhlanzwa kwezinhlamvu zamabele, ukulungiselela ukushisa imishanguzo kuyasetshenziswa. Ukwelashwa kwembewu kwenziwa kusengaphambili (amasonto amabili). Ukusetshenziswa kokutshala imbewu ye-І ne-Isigaba. Ukuze ukwandise amandla okuhluma, imbewu iphefumula emoyeni phakathi nesonto, njalo iphenduka.
Ukuze uphethwe i-disinfection, ungasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezifana ne- "Fenoram", "Baytan", "i-Vitavaks". Imbewu ifakwa kusengaphambili isilungiselelo esilungisiwe. Kunconywa ukwengeza izinto zokwenza ifilimu kusixazululo. Imbewu ye-pop-up iphonswa kude, kanti amanye aqoqwa enqwabeni, ehlanganiswe ngendwangu futhi egcinwe amahora amabili. Ngemuva kwalendlela, imbewu iyaphumelela futhi.
Uyazi? Izwe lakwa-millet yiChina. Lapho, baqala ukuyihlakulela ekhulwini leminyaka lesi-3 BC.
Izinsuku ezihle zokuhlwanyela i-millet
Umlimi ngamunye uyazikhethela lapho ehlwanyela i-millet. Uma uhlwanyela i-millet ebusika, ukugcinwa kweqhwa kwenziwa emasimini kanye neqhwa thawing lilawulwa.
Ukuhlwanyela i-millet entwasahlobo eyenziwa lapho inhlabathi ekujuleni kwe-4-5 cm ifinyelela ku-10-12 ºC. Uma uhlwanyela imbewu ngaphambi kwesikhathi, izithombo zivele zihlanjululwe futhi insimu igcwala ukhula, futhi amahlumela angakhaza lapho amaqhwa ehluma.
Uma kwenzeka ukuhlwanyela isikhathi eside ngenxa yokomiswa kwenhlabathi, imbewu yokuhluma iyoba ingalingani futhi uhlelo lwempande ngeke luqede kahle. I-Millet ihlwanyelwa ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli futhi iphela phakathi noJuni. Uma uhlwanyela isitshalo ngobuningi obuhlaza, ukuhlwanyela kuphela ngoJulayi.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo ze-millet, ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza isivuno sesibili. Kuhlwanyelwe emva kokuvuna izitshalo zasebusika kanye neminyaka ekupheleni kukaJulayi.
Izindlela zokuhlwanyela i-millet
I-agrotechnology yokuhlwanyela i-millet ngokuqondile ixhomeke ekukhuliseni nasekungcoleni komhlaba wokulima. Uma umhlabathi we-millet ukhula kakhulu, unomswakama olinganiselayo futhi ucacile ukhula, sebenzisa umugqa wesithombo sembewu.
Ezindaweni ezinobuthi ezinomhlabathi omncane osetshenziswayo umugqa ohlangothini nomugqa owodwa (ibanga phakathi kwemigqa engu-45 cm). Uhlelo lokuhlwanyela nge-belt indlela 65x15x15. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lokuhlwanyela ngehektare ngalinye le-line indlela yilezi imbewu eziyi-3.0-4.0 million (20-30 kg), ububanzi obubanzi - imbewu engu-2,5 million (17-18 kg).
Okuhlangenwe nakho kwezilimi kubonise ukuthi ukuze uthole isivuno esiphezulu, indlela yokutshala imabele isamukeleka. Uma uhlakulela ngendlela yokubanzi, i-millet ayivuli isivuno esinjalo, kufanele isetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni imbewu.
Kubalulekile! Igebe lesikhathi phakathi kokulungiswa kwenhlabathi yokuhlwanyela kanye nokuhlwanyela imbewu kumele kube mncane ukuze umswakama ungapheli.
Ukunakekela imithi yezitshalo
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo zalesi sitshalo sezinhlamvu ekutshalweni kokutshala emva kokutshala nokusabalalisa ngaphambi kokuvela kwezithombo. Ukunyakaza okuthunyelwe kwenziwa ama-rollers anezinsimbi ezinamathele. Ukutshala okusanhlamvu ezindaweni ezimelele kusetshenziselwa ukuxhumana okuningi kwembewu nomhlabathi, okwenza ukuba ukuhluma nokukhula kukhule.
Ukulimaza sebenzisa umshini wokukhanya, ukuhlwanyela, ukuhlambalaza. Umgomo ukuguqula umhlabathi wokukhuphuka kwenhlabathi futhi ukuphazamisa izihlumela zokhula. Ukukhwabanisa kwenziwa ngokuphakama kokujula kokunciphisa okuncane ukuze kungalimazi inambuzane, lapho ukuphakama kwesithombo kufana nokuphakama kokusanhlamvu. Boron ngaphesheya kwemigqa yokuhlwanyela ngesivinini se-5 km / h.
Isikhathi sesibili izitshalo ziphazamiseka uma isitshalo siqala ukukhula. Uma ukulimaza kuyadingeka ngesikhathi sesigaba sembewu, kwenziwa ngezinyosi ezijikelezayo.
Ukulawulwa kokhula kanye nokuvikelwa kwezinambuzane nezifo
Imifino emibili ka-2-3 yenziwa emgqeni omkhulu kanye nebhande lokuhlwanyela. Ukwelashwa kokuqala kwenziwa ekujuleni kwe-4 cm, lapho imbewu ikhule ngokugcwele, okujulile okulandelayo ngo-2 cm.
Uma ukubola i-millet iziqu zidinga ukuhlanganisa ukuqinisa uhlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo. Izindlela ze-Agrotechnical zihlangene nezindlela zamakhemikhali zokulawula ukhula oluphumelelayo. Ukuze kuqedwe ukhula lwaminyaka yonke olusetshenziswa isicelo se-herbicide lapho kutshalwa inhlabathi yokuhlwanyela. I-millet ekhulayo iyinkqubo echitha isikhathi, isikhathi esiningi.
Isihluthulelo sokuphumelela ekuvikeleni i-millet ezifweni (i-melanosis, smut) kanye nezinambuzane (thrips, aphid, amantongomane amantongomane, i-stem moth) i-agrotechnical efika ngesikhathi (ukujikelezwa kwezitshalo ezifanele, ukuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi, ukulawulwa kokhula, ukwelashwa kwembewu) nokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali. Kuyadingeka ukuthi usebenzise ukutshala amasimu omuthi ngamakhemikhali, uma izinambuzane noma izifo zingabangela umonakalo omkhulu wezomnotho.
Uyazi? I-Millet icebile amaprotheni wemvelo, okungafani nenyama, ayifuni futhi ayinobuthi emzimbeni nge-unsaturated fatty acids.
Ukuvunwa kwe-Millet
Isinyathelo sokugcina esikalini sokukhula sivunwa. I-Millet ikhula ngendlela engafanele, ngakho-ke ukuhlanza kwayo kuqhutshwa ngendlela ehlukile. Isibonakaliso sokusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu yi-yellowing yezilinganiso zezilinganiso. Ukuqala kwe-Beveluma livuthisa cishe u-80% wezitshalo, i-millet engxenyeni engenhla ye-inflorescence ivuthiwe ngokuphelele, phakathi kwe-inflorescence sekuvuthiwe, kanti phansi akusivuthiwe.
Ukuze ungalokothi ulahlekelwe isitshalo esingahlwanyela, isilwane sitholwa phansi ngendlela yokuthi izithelo zayo ezincane zivuthwe ezinqolobaneni. Uma ukugubha izinhlanga kushiywe ngamasentimitha angu-20 phezulu, imiqulu ibhalwe ngaphesheya kwemigqa. Khetha bese uhlumisa abavuni bezinhlamvu ngezinsuku ezinhlanu, lapho umswakama wayo ufinyelela ku-14%. Ukusanhlamvu okusilondoloziwe kugcinwa ezimweni zomswakama akukho ngaphezu kuka-13%. 
Kubalulekile! Uma usususa imithi, qiniseka ukulawula ukuphakama kweziqu, ikhwalithi ye-panicle yokubhula, ubuqotho nokuhlanzeka kokusanhlamvu.
