Kanye itheniphu kwakucishe kube umkhiqizo oyinhloko etafuleni labokhokho bethu abakhulu. Wayebilisiwe, ethosiwe, enwebu futhi edliwa eluhlaza. Inani lale imifino libuye libe eshalofini elide empilweni - esisele sizolinda kuze kube sentwasahlobo, silondoloze amavithamini, amaminerali nezimfanelo eziwusizo. Futhi ama-turnips aneningi lawo - ukuthuthukisa imetabolism nokusiza ukulwa nokuqunjelwa okuhlukahlukene. Ogogo bethu abakhulu basebenzise ujusi njenge-diuretic, painkiller kanye ne-ejenti yokupholisa amanxeba. Bambalwa abantu abakhulisa ama-turnips namuhla - wonke umuntu umatasa uzama ukuthola izinto ezifuna ukwazi ukwenzeka phesheya kwezilwandle. Kepha njengoba besho, okusha kungokudala ekhohliwe kahle, ngakho-ke ake sizame ukukhumbula noma ukuthola wonke ama-nuances wokutshala ama-turnips endaweni evulekile futhi ayinakekele: kusukela ekukhetheni imbewu kuye ekutholeni izithelo.
Incazelo nezimpawu eziyinhloko zesitshalo
I-Turnip iyisitshalo esidabukisayo somndeni obethelwayo, uhlobo iklabishi. Izwe lakule imifino libhekwa njengeNtshonalanga Asia. Kulapho lapho itheniphu lakhula khona cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezine edlule, futhi ukusuka lapho lesi sitshalo sasakazeka emhlabeni wonke.
I-Turnip isitshalo esiyimpande, ngoba ukudla kwayo kuyimpande eyindilinga yombala omhlophe noma ophuzi. Ngonyaka wokuqala, lesi sitshalo sinikeza isivuno esidliwayo sezithelo kanye ne rosette yamaqabunga aqine. Umcibisholo onezinhlamvu uvela kuphela ngonyaka wesibili wokutshala, ngakho-ke itheniphu ibhekwa njengesitshalo se-biennial.
Isisindo sama-turnips avuthiwe, kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, angafinyelela ku-500 g noma ngaphezulu
Izindlela Zokukhulisa Turnips
Ama-Turnips atshalwa kabili ngesizini - entwasahlobo, ngo-Ephreli-Meyi nasehlobo, ekupheleni kukaJuni-Julayi. Esimweni sokuqala, izilimo ezimpande zikhuliselwe ukusetshenziswa okusha, okwesibili ukugcinwa kobusika. Abalimi bavame kakhulu ukuthanda ukutshala ama-turnips ngqo emhlabathini, kepha ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo kanye nehlobo elifishane, kungenzeka ukukhulisa izitshalo ngokusebenzisa izithombo. Esikhundleni sentwasahlobo, abalimi abaningi basebenzisa ukuhlwanyelwa ebusika, nakho okunikeza imiphumela emihle.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo
Ukukhulisa izithombo ze-turnip, kuzothatha izinyanga eziyi-1.5-2, ngakho-ke isikhathi sokuhlwanyelwa singabalwa ngokuzimela, kucatshangelwa isimo sezulu sendawo. I-Turnip isitshalo esingavimbi ukubanda futhi ingatshalwa enhlabathini ngokushesha lapho inhlabathi ifudumele, ngakho imbewu ihlwanyelwa, njengomthetho, engxenyeni yesibili kaMashi. Ezinhlotsheni ezithengiwe, izincomo zihlala zinikezwa ngesikhathi nangezindlela zokuhlwanyela.
Okokuqala udinga ukulinganisa nokukhipha amagciwane imbewu etholakalayo:
- Lungisa isixazululo se-saline - 1 ithisipuni likasawoti elihlanjululwe engxenyeni yengilazi yamanzi.
- Cwilisa imbewu kusisombululo bese uxuba - imbewu esezingeni eliphakeme izoshona ibheke ezansi.
- Khama imbewu pop-up bese hashaza esele esele amahlandla amaningana ngamanzi ahlanzekile.
- Thela imbewu enhle kusixazululo se-potanganum permanganate epinki emile bese umela imizuzu engama-20.
- Hlanza imbewu ngamanzi ahlanzekile.
E-saline, imbewu enhle icwila iye phansi - kufanele ihlwanyelwe
Imbewu ye-itheniphu ekalishiwe futhi elwa namagciwane ifakwe emanzini ukuze idumbeke izinsuku ezingama-2-3.
Kungcono ukwenza lokhu ngethawula elimanzi:
- Faka isicubu esitsheni sepulasitiki noma esosweni.
- Hlela imbewu elungiselelwe, ikhava ngebhakede kanye ne-moisten.
- Mboza isitsha - ukhulule ukuze umoya uhlale
I-Turnip ithanda inhlabathi evundile, ukuze ukwazi ukuthatha inhlabathi elungele izithombo ezikhulayo. Kepha kungcono ukusebenzisa amaphilisi we-peat ngalezi zinhloso, ngoba izithombo ze-turnip azikubekezeleli ukukha kanye nokufakelwa. Izithombo ezikhule kwithebhulethi zingatshalwa kalula emhlabathini ovulekile ngaphandle kokulimaza impande.
Inqubo-nyathelo yenqubo yokutshala imbewu yezithombo:
- Amacwecwe we-Peat afakwe esitsheni sepulasitiki bese uthela amanzi.
- Ukusabalalisa imbewu ngamathebulethi okuvuvukala - izingcezu ezi-2-3 inye.
- Mboza imbewu ngoqwembe oluncane lomhlabathi.
- Mboza isitsha ngesembozo sepulasitiki noma ngesikhwama sepulasitiki bese ufaka ukuhluma endaweni epholile, ekhanyayo enamazinga okushisa komoya ayi-10-15mayelanaC.
- Ngemuva kokuvela, susa isembozo noma isikhwama bese ukhula njengezithombo ezivamile.
Kumathebula we-peat avuthiwe asakaza imbewu ye-turnip
Lapho amaqabunga e-cotyledonary evulwa ngokuphelele, kuyadingeka ukususa amahlumela angeziwe. Lokhu kwenziwa kangcono ngesikele, ukusika ngokucophelela amahlumela angadingekile, ukuze kungalimali izimpande ezintekenteke zezitshalo. Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile, kubalulekile ukunisela izithombo ngendlela efanelekile. Amathebhulethi we-Peat avame ukoma ngokushesha, ngakho-ke udinga ukuhlola izithombo njalo. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga okuqala angempela, izithombo zingadliwa kusetshenziswa omanyolo bezithombo zeklabishi.
Kumaviki amathathu ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo emhlabathini, kubalulekile ukuqala ukuqina. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kukhipha umoya ovulekile, okokuqala imizuzu eyi-10-15, ke, isikhathi sansuku zonke siyandiswa. Lapho izithombo zingaba semoyeni usuku - zitshalwa embhedeni olungiselelwe.
Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile akunzima ikakhulukazi. Embhedeni olungiselelwe gubha izimbobo kude ne-10-15 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye kuya ku-25-30 cm phakathi kwemigqa. Ithebhulethi le-peat elinesithombo lihliselwa emgodini, limbiwe ngenhlabathi futhi lithelwe. Uma izithombo zikhule ezingilazini, khona-ke ngaphambi kokutshala enhlabathini, izithombo zichithwa ngamanzi bese zisuswa ngokucophelela ethangini, zizama ukuthi zingaphazamisi inhlama yobumba. Izitshalo ezitshaliwe ziyaniselwa futhi zifakwe emanzini amaningi.
Izithombo ze-Turnip ezikhulelwe kumathebhulethi we-peat zidlulisa kalula ukufakelwa emhlabathini ovulekile
Izithombo zitshalwa ngemuva kokuba inhlabathi ifudumele, imvamisa lokhu kunguphakathi noma ukuphela kukaMeyi. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokufika emhlabeni kusihlwa noma usuku lwamafu.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile
Ngokutshala ama-turnips, khetha indawo enelanga evulekile nge-loam evulekile noma i-sandstone. Umbhede wokuhlwanyelwa entwasahlobo ulungiselelwe ekwindla, ehlobo amasonto 2-3 ngaphambi kokutshala.
Okokumba 1 m2 Inhlabathi ineqhaza:
- umlotha we-150 g;
- ufulawa we-dolomite 250-300 g;
- umquba noma umquba obolile 2,5 kg;
- umanyolo we-nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium 15 g lilinye.
Ividiyo: Ungatshala kanjani itheniphu
Umbhede obumbiwe udinga ukhululwe, bese uthululwa - ukukhipha kancane noma inhlabathi ethambile. Yenza ama-grooves amancane, ama-3-4 cm ebangeni elingama-25-30 cm ukusuka kwelinye futhi uwachithe ngamanzi. Imbewu esele ilungisiwe (enamakhaza futhi emanzi) ihlwanyelwa ngendlela esejwayelekile esezingeni lendlela noma isidleke, isabalalisa imbewu eyi-2-3 kude ne-10-12 cm. Indlela yesibili iqeda isidingo sokuncipha kwezithombo. Kuzodingeka kuphela ukususa amahlumela ngokweqile nesikere. Fafaza ama-grooves ngembewu enengqimba yenhlabathi engu-2-3 cm.
Imbewu yetheniphu ibekwa emiseleni elungiselelwe
Umbhede ohlwanyelwe uyaniselwa futhi umbozwe ngefilimu noma nge-agrofibre. Isinyathelo esinjalo sizosheshisa ukuvela kwezithombo, kepha ifilimu kufanele isuswe ngokushesha lapho kuvela amahlumela wokuqala, ngaphandle kwalokho angashiswa yisimo sezulu esishisayo. I-Agrofibre kulokhu kufanelekile - ngeke kugcine ukushisa nomswakama kuphela, kepha futhi kuvikele amahlumela amasha elangeni nasemoyeni. Yize abalimi abaningi bebheka indawo yokukhosela ama-turnips angenamqondo futhi bangayenza kalula ngaphandle kwawo.
Ama-turnips akhulayo awadingi ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile - akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi ngalokhu. Lapho nje izitshalo ziqhakaza, kungakuhle ukuthi ufafaze izisekelo ngomlotha wokhuni ukuze wesabe igquma elibethelwayo.
I-Turnip ayithandi inhlabathi ene-acidified, ngakho-ke ukumisa imingcele kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokutshala. Uma lokhu kungenziwa, khona-ke isivuno sizoba nesizotha futhi sizogcinwa kahle. Ngalezi zinhloso, kuyathandeka ukusebenzisa ufulawa we-dolomite - awugcini ngokujwayeza ubungako (acidity) kuphela, kepha futhi ucebisa inhlabathi ngezinto ezisebenzayo zokulandela umkhondo wemvelaphi yendalo.
Ukuhlwanyelwa ebusika imbewu
I-Turnip isitshalo esingavimbeli ukubanda - amahlumela entwasahlobo avela emazingeni okushisa ka + 3 + 5mayelanaC. Banikezwe lesi sici, abalimi abaningi bahlwanyela imbewu yalesi sitshalo ebusika. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba uthole imifino yokuqala emasontweni angama-2-3 ngaphambili kunokujwayelekile.
Imbewu ihlwanyelwa emva kwesithwathwa sokuqala, imvamisa ngoNovemba. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, umbhede wengadi ulungiselelwe kusengaphambili, ugodiwe futhi uvunyelwe ngendlela efanayo nokutshala kwentwasahlobo kanye nehlobo. Amabhakede amaningana omhlaba abekwa endaweni abamba ukushisa kuyo noma igumbi ukuze lihlale lingafakwanga. Imisele yenziwa embhedeni ohambisanayo. Lapho umhlabathi ugcwala kancane, imbewu eyomile ibekwa kancane ibe nzima kunokuba ihlwanyelwa ngendlela ejwayelekile. Iqiniso ngukuthi ingxenye yembewu ehlwanyelwe ngaphambi kobusika izonyamalala, kepha izitshalo ezihlumile ziqine kakhulu kunalezo ezitshalwe entwasahlobo. Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, fafaza ama-grooves enhlabathi elungiselelwe. Entwasahlobo, izithombo zinwetshwe, zifakwe phakathi futhi zikhule ngendlela ejwayelekile.
Izici Ezikhulayo
Ngenxa yokungaqondakali kwayo, i-turnip ayidingi izindleko ezikhethekile zomsebenzi lapho ikhula. Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, kudinga inhlabathi emanzi futhi evulekile, ngakho-ke ukunisela nokuchekululwa kwenhlabathi akunakugwenywa, kepha umanyolo kumele wenziwe ngokucophelela.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Uma ngaphambi kokutshala ama-turnips, umbhede wawungavuthiwe kahle ngezinto ezi-organic, khona-ke ngesikhathi sokukhula kwanele ukuwondla ngomanyolo wamaminerali kanye noma kabili. I-nitrogen ethe xaxa, okuyi-organic ecebile kuyo, ilimaza ama-turnips - izithelo ziba zi-clumsy, zinganambitheki futhi zibe nokuzwakala ngaphakathi. Ukondla kwenziwa kangcono ngendlela ewuketshezi ku-1 m2 I-10 g ye-urea, i-15 g ye-superphosphate ne-10 g ye-potassium sulfate ehlanjululwe ebhakedeni lamanzi kwanele.
Ukufakwa kwenhlabathi
I-Turnip ithanda umswakama, ngakho-ke ukuthambisa ejwayelekile kubaluleke kakhulu, okokuqala ngqa. Ukomisa kwenhlabathi akumele kuvunyelwe, ngaphandle kwalokho izithombo zingafa. Ukuze ulondoloze umswakama enhlabathini, kusetshenziswa imalching. Zimboza inhlabathi ezungeze izitshalo nge-peat, hay, utshani, utshani obunjiwe, ama-sunkser noma i-saw saw. Ungqimba olunjalo aluvumeli ilanga nomoya ukuba zome umhlaba futhi zivimbe ukukhula kokhula. Ukwakha izimo ezintofontofo zabahlali abangaphansi komhlaba, i-mulch ithuthukisa ukwakheka kanye nokuvunda kwenhlabathi futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kukhulisa isivuno.
I-mulching izogcina umswakama enhlabathini futhi ivimbele ukukhula kokhula
Izimbangi kanye nomakhelwane for turnips
Ukulima okuyi-Turnip okuphumelelayo, kanye nezinye izilimo eziningi zemifino, ukujikeleza kwezilimo kubaluleke kakhulu. Awukwazi ukutshala leli siko ngemuva kwezitshalo ezifana nalo - zonke izinhlobo iklabishi, isithombo, isithombo, lwesinaphi nezinye ezibethelwa. Abandulelayo abaphambili be-turnips bazoba ikhukhamba, amazambane, izaqathe, ama-beet kanye no-anyanisi. Lezi zitshalo kanye nomakhelwane abangafuneki ama-turnips. I-Turnip etshalwe kahle ngemuva kophizi, ubhontshisi, utamatisi, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi noma endaweni eseduze nalezi zitshalo izizwa kahle.
I-Marigolds ne-calendula bangomakhelwane abahle kakhulu kubo bonke iklabishi nama-turnips, kufaka phakathi
Izinkumbulo zami zobuntwana zixhumene nama-turnips. Njalo ngonyaka ehlobo ngangithunyelwa kugogo wami esigodini, futhi lezi kwakuyizikhathi ezijabulisa ngempela. Inkululeko, umoya, umfula, ihlathi nesikhathi esiningi samahhala. Futhi i-Turnip - ngesizathu esithile kwakukhunjulwa ikakhulukazi. Ugogo wayengumnikazi wegadi omuhle, futhi yonke imifino yakhe ikhula futhi ijabulisa bobabili nezingane nezingane. I-Turnip yaphenduka ubuhle nje obuhle - obukhulu, bushelelezi, baphuzi obugqamile, njengelanga. Ugogo uwaphekele kuhhavini ngamakhowe noma nenyama, lapho ifana, hhayi ebhodweni lobumba. Okokuqala, wabilisa isithombo sezimpande emanzini, wabe esinquma phezulu ngesivalo wakhipha uginindela ngesipuni - kwavela kwaba yibhodwe le-turnip. Yigcwalise ngamakhowe noma nge-stewed inyama exutshwe ne-turnip pulp, bese uyifaka kuhhavini. Isitsha besinephunga elimnandi futhi simnandi kakhulu. Manje, ngamakhaza, sipheka isithombo esimnyama noju - ikhambi elihle lokukhwehlela. Ugogo wasiphatha ngama-turnips, futhi ngubani owabe esizwa nge-radish emnyama. Ukhiphe i-groove ku-itheniphu eluhlaza wayigcwalisa ngoju. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, uju ku-turnips lwaphenduka ujusi. Siphuze lo muthi ngenjabulo, futhi asisizanga kuphela ukukhwehlela, kodwa futhi nakumkhuhlane ojwayelekile.
Ungakhohlwa ngokuphelele futhi ufakwe amazambane ngasikhathi sinye, ama-turnips alungele ukubuyela ezingadini zethu. Akunzima ukuyikhulisa futhi iyakhula, ngenxa yokungabekezeleleki kwayo, ngisho nasezimeni zezulu ezinzima kakhulu. Izitsha ze-Turnip ezilungiselelwe ngokuya ngezindlela ezindala zokupheka zizothokozela ukunambitheka okusha kwama-gourmet nabalandeli bokudla okunempilo.
