Guliavnik officinalis - Isitshalo se-herbaceous sisatshalaliswa kakhulu endaweni eguquguqukayo yezulu, kodwa abaningi abazitholele zonke izinzuzo zalolu hlobo lwezokwelapha nemisebenzi yomnotho yabantu. Kulesi sihloko sizobona ukuthi yini inzuzo umuntu ohamba ngayo angasenza ekuphileni kwansuku zonke nokuthi silungiselele kahle kanjani.
Isizinda semlando
I-Guliavnik libhekisela kulezo zilwane zezitshalo ezaziwa ngabantu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, okhokho bethu basebenzise izindawo zokuphulukisa. Ngalesi sikhathi, ethandwa kakhulu kwakuyi-sap of the plant, yayisetshenziswa kakhulu abaculi kanye nezikhulumi ukuze kuthuthukiswe izwi, linike amandla namandla. 
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidakamizwa ze-herb ziye zasebenziswa ngokuyisisekelo njengendlela engcono kakhulu yokubuyisela umsebenzi wezintambo zezwi, ezikhungathekile yizici ezihlukahlukene.
Uyazi? I-arugula eyaziwayo ayiyona into ehamba phambili yokuhamba kwezidakamizwa, okwakhiwa ngesikhathi seRoma lasendulo.
Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, ukuphakama kwalezi zinhlobo kwanda kuphela, umkhuhlane nomkhuhlane babethinteka ngokuqinile nomuntu ohambahambayo, kanti ngesikhathi sokuvuselelwa kwe-Renaissance eFrance naseNgilandi abesifazane abaningi bekhotho basebenzise e-cosmetology. Izitshalo ezithintekile zikholelwa ukuthi ziyakwazi ukuvuselela isikhumba futhi zenze kube silky.
Abalimi basetshenziselwa le mishanguzo yokwelashwa kwezifo ezehlukene, kanye nokupheka ukulungiselela isobho kanye nama saladi ahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitshalo esetshenziswa ukuphatha izifo ezihlobene nokulahlekelwa kwezwi.
Umonki waseTibet wayeyizinhlobo ezidumile. Kwakusetshenziselwa ngentshiseko izakhamuzi zezintaba kusukela esikhathini esidlule sokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ezihlukahlukene zokudla. Kuze kube sekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, lo mfana wayesebenziselwa ngenhloso yokwelapha kanye nokudla, kodwa ezikhathini zanamuhla ukubaluleka kwayo kuye kwahleka kakhulu. Ukuvuselelwa kwemfashini yalesi sitshalo kwenzeka maduzane, nje emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule. 
Incazelo ye-botanical
Umuthi (Sisymbrium officinale) uyimifino engowomndeni osindayo. Isiqalo kubamele bezinhlobo ezilungekile, zihlanganiswe, zigcwele izinwele ezimfushane phezu kwendawo yonke.
Uyazi? Namuhla, isayensi yezwe iyayazi izinkulungwane ezingu-320 zezinhlobo zezitshalo, kodwa cishe abayizinkulungwane ezingu-21 banomuthi wokwelapha, okungaba ngu-6.5%.
Ukuphakama kwesitshalo cishe ku-30-60 cm. Amaqabunga asitshalo ayingqayizivele. Ezingxenyeni ezingenhla ziyi-sessile, encane, enomkhonto omelele umkhonto noma owenziwe ngomcibisholo. Amaqabunga aphansi angama-cherenkovye, anamaqabunga amaqabunga-amaqabunga ahlakazekile, amazinyo angavamile kanye nama-apical lobes.
Izimbali abameleli balezi zinhlobo zincane kakhulu, ngokuvamile ziqoqa ibhulashi elinjenge-spike. Ama-Sepals alungile, ama-petal oval-oval, ane-nail. Izimbali zivame kakhulu ukushayela. Lezi zinhlobo ngokuvamile ziqhakaza ngoMeyi noJuni. Ngemuva kokuziqhakaza, ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, izithelo zomkhiqizo zivuthwe kumuntu ohambahambayo, ohambisana namahlumela. Emakhadini avuthwe imbewu encane enombala obomvu, cishe 2 mm ubude. 
Spread
Hlanganisa lesi sitshalo endaweni yokushisa kwesimo sezulu yonke indawo. Ngakho-ke, itholakala ensimini yeNyakatho Afrika, iYurophu, iMelika, engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia, eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Ngokuvame ukukhula ukuhamba emigwaqweni nasezindaweni ezicimbiniwe, ezindaweni, hhayi ezindaweni ezithuthukisiwe zomhlaba, njll.
Uyazi? Incwadi yokuqala yokubhekisela yolimi lwesiRashiya emakhambi okwelapha endaweni yethu yendawo yenziwa ngumsosayensi waseRussia u-Andrei Bolotov ngo-1781. Le ncwadi yayibizwa ngokuthi "Isiqondiso sokwazi ngamakhambi okwelapha."
Ukwenziwa kwamakhemikhali
Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali kulezi zilwane kucebile kakhulu. Ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwembula ukuthi isicabucabu siqukethe izinto ezilandelayo nezinhlanganisela: i-corcoroside A, i-gelvetikosid, i-thiclycosides, i-flavonoids, isulfure, i-ascorbic kanye ne-oleic acid, i-carotene, i-tanins.
Imifino yalokhu isitshalo nayo icebile kuzo zonke izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezibandakanya: i-vitamin C, i-mustard oyela, i-eicozenic, i-palmitic, i-oleic ne-arachnic acid. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuthi sikhulume ngokukhona esitshalweni sezinto eziningi ezibalulekile ezilandelanayo, phakathi kwazo lapho inani elikhulu kunazo zonke lihlala: i-calcium, i-ferum, i-magnesium, i-manganese, i-potassium, i-phosphorus ne-zinc. 
Izakhiwo eziwusizo
Izakhiwo eziyinzuzo eziyinhloko zemithi yokwelapha zichazwa ngokubunjwa kwayo okucebile. Izitshalo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinxenye zesitshalo zingaba nomphumela we-astringent kanye ne-diuretic emzimbeni.
Ukulungiswa kwezitshalo ezinjengokuthi: i-mordovnik, umjunipha, isitsha sokugeza, i-goldenrod, i-stonecrop enkulu, i-spurge, i-safflower ne-chervil iphinde isetshenziswe njenge-diuretic.
Kodwa uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwemithi yasendlini lusetshenziselwa ukulwa nemibhobho ehlukahlukene njenge-expectorant.
Lesi sitshalo sibuye sazibonakalisa njenge-anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and wound-healing agent njengengxenye yezindleko ezihlukahlukene kanye nezikhwama.
Ungakhohlwa ukuthi kukhona umuntu ovuthiwe u-vitamin C, onomphumela ophezulu we-antiscorbutic, kanye ne-glycoside sinigrin, eyaziwa ngomphumela wayo onenzuzo emsebenzini kanye nesimo senhliziyo yesisu.
Isicelo
Izindawo eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa ngokugcwele injabulo emsebenzini wezomnotho yimithi nokupheka. Kulezi zimboni ukuthi isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi yamakhemikhali asebenzayo ahlanganiswa ngempumelelo esitshalweni sisetshenziswa ngempumelelo kakhulu. 
Kuzokwelapha
Izifo ezihlukahlukene zokuvuvukala nezifo ezithathelwanayo zesimiso sokuphefumula, okubandakanya i-asthma, i-bronchitis, i-laryngitis kanye nesifo sofuba, ziphathwa nge-broth and infusions ezivela kumshuwalense. Ukuqinisekiswa kahle kwezidakamizwa kanye nokulwa nezifo zesimiso sokugaya ukudla (ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso, isisu sangasese), ukuqeda izifo ezivuthayo zesimiso sokuvuthwa (urethritis, pyelonephritis, prostatitis kanye ne-cystitis etiologies ehlukahlukene).
I-tractable digestive tract nayo iyakuthinta: i-herb bison, i-cress, i-calendula, i-oregano (i-oregano), i-prawn sage, iklabishi yase-Kale, i-Lyubka, i-yucca, i-dodder ne-anise.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ohambahambayo unamandla okuba nomthelela onamandla wokulwa nokulwa nokulimala, ngakho-ke lesi sitshalo sisetshenziselwa ukulwa ne-dermatitis nezilonda zesikhumba emlonyeni womlomo. Ikwazi futhi ukunqoba ukukhwehlela, isisu kanye nesithandwa se-helminthic, kanye nokubuyisela imisebenzi ejwayelekile yokuvikelwa komzimba.
Ekuphekeni
Ukuze ulungise izitsha ezihlukahlukene, uhambahamba akasetshenzisiwe njengokwelapha, kodwa abathandi abaningi bezitsha ezinhle kakhulu bayakwazisa lesi sitshalo ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo kwesinaphi. 
Ngakho-ke, ama-saladi amasha wonyaka asekelwe kulo yiyona ndlela ehle kakhulu kunezinhlobonhlobo zemifino.
Kubalulekile! Akufanele ukudla ngezinhloso zokudla umuntu oqokiwe ngesandla oqokiwe ngesandla, njengoba kukhona ithuba lokudidanisa izinhlobo ezinezitshalo ezihlobene, okuvame ukuba nezidakamizwa ezinobuthi obukhulu.
Esikhathini esibandayo, ama-billet omisiwe e-billet athandwa ngokukhethekile njengendlela yokumnandi ekhanda inyama nezinhlanzi ezinhlobonhlobo. Ngezinye izikhathi amaqabunga amasha alezi zitshalo zitshalo asetshenziselwa ukuvutshelwa noma ukukhethwa, emva kwalokho umkhiqizo onjalo uhanjiswa njengendwangu yecala ukuya emifino noma inyama. Imbewu yesitshalo iye yasetshenziselwa ukulungiselela izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemashukela lwesinaphi.
Ukuqoqa nokuvuna
Naphezu kokuthi inkathi ekhulayo yokukhula yale nhlobo yezokwelapha ibonakala kuyo yonke inkathi efudumele yonyaka, ukuqoqwa kwemithi eluhlaza kufanele kusetshenziswe kuphela ngesikhathi sokuvuna okusebenzayo, okuyinto ewela ezinyangeni zasehlobo.
Ingxenye yomhlabathi isitshalo, ngoba lokhu ungasebenzisa noma yikuphi ukusika into (ummese, ugqoke, njll). Amahlamvu, izimbali, ama-pods kanye neziqu ezifanele ukuvunwa. 
Zomisa izinto ezibonakalayo ngokufaka izingxenye zezitshalo kwizindwangu ezihlanzekile noma ephepheni endaweni eyomile, efudumele neyomoya (i-shed noma i-attic ekhethekile) ngendlela engokwemvelo, ngaphandle kokuthola ilanga eliqondile. Ukuze uthole umphumela wokufanisa ngenkathi yokumisa, izinto zokusetshenziswa kufanele zihlanganiswe njalo.
Kubalulekile! Ngesikhathi sokuvuna izitshalo ngezinhloso zokwelapha, qiniseka ukukhumbula ukuthi imbewu kufanele ivunwe kuphela emva kokuba ikhule ngokugcwele, ngoba imbewu engavuthiwe iqukethe izidakamizwa ezinobuthi.
Impilo yesheluli ye-billet enjalo ayikho ngaphezu konyaka owodwa, noma kunjalo, izingxenye ezibandayo zomuntu ohambahambayo zibhekwa njengeziyigugu kakhulu, ngoba lapho kumile futhi kugcinwa kuyaphela izimfanelo zayo.
Izimo zokugcina
I-stockpile igcinwe ezitsheni zensimbi noma ezibucayi ezine-lid ivalwe ngokuqinile. Kulolu cala, umshini wokusebenza kufanele uvikelwe elangeni eliqondile, umswakama kanye nokushisa okungaphezulu kuka -25 ° C. Ungagcina isitshalo efomini elifriziwe, ngoba lokhu kuhlanziwe ngokuphelele, kumiswe futhi kulandwe emasakeni amancane epulasitiki. Amalungiselelo anjalo agcinwa ekushiseni kwe--5 ... 0 ° ะก ngezinyanga ezingaba ngu-12.
Ukulimala okungenzeka kanye nokuphikisana
Naphezu komphumela walo ozuzisa kakhulu emzimbeni, utshani yizinombolo zokuphikisana nezincomo ezikhethekile zokusetshenziswa. Ukwenqaba noma ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwalezo zimali kufanele kube ne-pyelonephritis noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme ngesikhathi sokugula kwesifo, njengoba lokhu kungenza isimo somzimba sibe nzima. 
Ikhambi liphinde lichazwe ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphansi kwengu-16 ubudala, kusukela ebuntwaneni lokhu kungalimaza impilo embi yengane.
Kubalulekile! Ukusebenzisa i-goulavnik ngezinhloso zokwelapha kufanele kube kuphela kumazinga omuthi wokugqoka, ngaphandle kwalokho kungabangela ukuphazanyiswa komsebenzi wenhliziyo kanye nesigqi esiphezulu senhliziyo.
Ukukhipha ukupheka
I-infusions ye-guljavnik yokwelapha yafakazela ngokuphelele ukuqeda izifo ezihlobene nokulahlekelwa kwezwi, i-bronchitis ne-cystitis. Ukulungiselela ukulungiselela okunjalo, isipuni esingu-1 somile omile, oqoshiwe oqoshiwe sithathwe ku-300 ml wamanzi abilayo amahora amabili, bese uhlungwa.
Sebenzisa imithi kasikhombisa ngosuku futhi isipuni 1. Ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kwawo, umhluzi ungasetshenziswa nge isipuni soju. Uma iziphuzo zomuthi wezinyosi ezimbili zamagilebhisi zingena ku-300 ml wamanzi abilayo ukuze uphole ngokuphelele. Ingxube ehlile ihlungiwe futhi isetshenziswe ku-1 isipuni izikhathi ezintathu ngosuku. 
Umhluzi wokupheka
Izimpande ezivela kulesi sitshalo zokwelapha zisiza ukubhekana nokuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezihambisana nokuwohloka kwepheshana lokugaya. Ukwenza lokhu, i-20 g yomile omile, oqoshiwe oqoshiwe uchithelwa ngama-250-300 ml wamanzi abilayo, emva kwalokho ingxube ibilisiwe ngamaminithi angu-15 ekugezeni amanzi, futhi emva kokupholisa kuhlungwa ngokucophelela. Ngezinhloso zokwelapha, lesi sidakamizwa sithathwa ku-1/3 indebe kathathu ngosuku emva kokudla.
Uma izifo ezivuvukala zesimiso sokuphefumula, ama-decoctions alungiswa kusuka kumbewu. Ukwenza lokhu, u-10 g wembewu yesitshalo uthululwa u-300 ml wamanzi abilayo bese ubilisa emanzini okugeza ngamaminithi angu-20.
Sebenzisa leli thuluzi lezipuni ezimbili izikhathi ezintathu ngosuku. Ukuze uthuthukise ukunambitheka, ukumnika ukunconywa kunconywa ukuba kuphuze nge-ushukela.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ufunde ngezinzuzo kanye nezimo ezinzima zemithi yokwelapha: i-coltsfoot, i-lemon balm, i-peppermint, i-wort yaseSt. John, umhlonyane nokuphulukisa, i-immortelle, i-ginseng.
I-Medicare iyindlela engcono kakhulu emakhemikhali amaningi anamandla. Ukuhlukunyezwa okuhlukile kanye nokwehlukaniswa kwalesi sitshalo kwenza kube lula ukunikeza impi eqinile kumathambo amaningi ezitho nezinhlelo.
Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwezicucu zalesi sitshalo kufanele kube nokuqapha okukhulu, ngoba ukunqotshwa kwe-bobber kungabangela ukuphazanyiswa okukhulu komsebenzi wezinhliziyo kanye nezifo ezihlobene. Kodwa ngokugcinwa okufanele kweziphakamiso ezingenhla, lezi zinhlobo zezitshalo zizosiza ukuqeda izifo eziningi nezinkinga ezihlobene.
