I-Pepper, njengezinye izitshalo, ijwayele izifo, iphinde ihlaselwe yizinambuzane ezingakwazi ukunciphisa isivuno kuphela, kodwa futhi ziyiqede ngokuphelele. Izifo eziningi zithwala izinambuzane noma ukhula, ngakho ukulwa nabo kuyinhlangano enkulu ekuvuneni okuhle. Umsebenzi wezifo uncike ezinqumeni ezithile zokuthuthukiswa kopelepele. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi kunezindlela eziqinisekisiwe zokubhekana nazo. Kulesi sihloko sizocabangela ukuthi singahlela kanjani ukuhlasela ngesikhathi futhi sithathe izinyathelo ezifanele.
Izifo
I-Pepper incike ekufweni kwe-fungal, ibhaktheriya kanye ne-virus. Kukhona nezinambuzane ezinambuzane ezingabangela ukulimala okukhulu kwezitshalo. Cabanga ngalunye uhlobo lwesifo ngokuningiliziwe.
Funda mayelana nokusetshenziswa kohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okubabayo, okumnyama, okubomvu, okuBulgaria ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, pepper ka-cayenne, okuyi-chili.
Izifo ze-fungal
Umthombo walolu hlobo lwesifo yizinsiza ezincane, isikhunta, okulimaza izitshalo ngemisebenzi yabo ebalulekile. Nasi uhlu lwazo:
- Umlenze omnyama - ihlasela ingxenye engezansi ye-stem nge-fungus, ngenkathi lesi sifo isitshalo siba mnyama futhi soma, khona-ke lesi sitshalo sifa. Isizathu sokubukeka singase sibe umswakama ngokweqile, ushintsho oluzelelwe ekushiseni, noma ukulingana okunamandla kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuqedwe lokhu kuhlaselwa, kwanele ukuzinza umbuso wokushisa, imvamisa yokunisela kanye nokunciphisa imigqa. Kunconywa ukuphatha lesi sidakamizwa "Isivinini" (isilinganiso: ama-caps angu-3 ngamanzi angu-1 ilitha).
- I-Fusarium - izibonakaliso zezici ziyiziqabunga zombala ophuzi okhanyayo, futhi ziphinde zenze i-wilting. Izimbangela zokutheleleka - umswakama ngokweqile kanye nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Izitshalo ezigulayo azikwazi ukulondolozwa, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuba ususe, futhi usebenzise inhlabathi ngaphansi kwazo ngesisombululo se-1% se-potassium permanganate. Ukuze izitshalo eziphilayo kufanele zinciphise inani lokuchelela izikhathi ezingu-1 ngesonto, kanye nokuzinza izinga lokushisa. Ukuze uthole i-prophylaxis, kubalulekile ukuphatha izitshalo ngezidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukulimala.
- Ukuphazamisa okwesikhashana - uphawu lwesimpawu ukubonakala kwezindawo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emaqabunga nasezintabeni. Ukwenzeka kwalesi sifo kunomthelela ekutheni umswakama owedlulele. Ukuqeda ukulimala kwelanga, kunconywa ukuthi umise inhlabathi bese kunciphisa imvamisa yokuphuza. Ukucubungula ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa "oxyhom" ne "Barrier".
Funda umehluko phakathi kwepipper yezinhlobo ze-Ratunda, i-Soloist, i-Golden Miracle, i-Swallow, i-Kapsikum, i-Atlas, i-Kakadu, i-Cow's Ear, i-Orange Miracle, i-Habanero, i-Gemini F1, i-Antey, i-Belozerka, i-Anastasia, i-California Miracle, i-Claudio F1, i-Gypsy F1, i-Bogatyr.
- Grey ukubola - Isici esiyingqayizivele ukwakheka kwe-grey bloom endaweni yempande. Umswakama owedlulele futhi unomthelela ekubukeni kwawo. Ukuvimbela izifo, kufanelekile ukusula inhlabathi nokususa izingxenye ezithathelwanayo. Ngemva kwalokho kubalulekile ukucubungula i-pepper ngamalungiselelo anjenge- "Fundazol", "Previkur".
- I-brown spotting (i-cladosporiosis) - isibonakaliso esivamile ukubonakala ngaphandle kwamaqabunga amabala obomvu nemigodlo eyimpunga ngaphakathi. Uma kungalashwa, amaqabunga afa futhi isitshalo sonke siyafa. Uma lezi zibonakaliso zitholakala, kufanelekile ukuphatha le pepper nge-fungicides Barrier and Barrier.
- I-Pepper anthracnose - esinye sezifo eziyingozi kakhulu zefungal ngenxa yokulimala kuzo zonke izigaba zokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo. Lithinta kokubili amaqabunga nezithelo. Isici sokwempawu ukubonakala kwezindawo ezizungezile zomzimba nezithelo namaqabunga (umbala wamachashazi uvela esihlabathini kuze kube mnyama). Ukuze ukwelashwa, ukwelashwa ngesisombululo se-Bordeaux ingxube noma i-oxychloride yethusi isetshenziswa.
Kubalulekile! Zonke izifo ezifayo zibangelwa ukuthungwa ngokweqile, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukugcina umbuso wokunisela.
Izifo zamabhaktheriya
Ngoba lolu hlobo lwesifo lubhekene nobukhona bezindawo ezifakiwe, ukubeka amaqabunga emagqabeni avela emhlophe kuya kumnyama. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kunomthelela ekutheni umswakama owedlulele futhi izinga lokushisa eliphansi. Nasi uhlu lwezifo ezivame kakhulu:
- I-Wet Fruit Rot - ikhula ngesithelo esihlangothini sendebe. Ekuqaleni, kubonakala indawo encane, eyabe iseza yonke ingane. I-fetus enesandulela ngamabhaktheriya iphendukela emanzini amaningi ashisayo ngesikhumba esomile kusuka phezulu. Uma isikhumba siphuka, kukhishwa umbala omhlophe we-frothy. Ukwelashwa kwenzeka ngamanzi, izithombo noma inhlabathi. Amaqabunga e-bacterium emhlabathini, ngakho-ke enye yezinyathelo zokuvimbela ukulima okujulile nokuhlonipha ukujikeleza kwezitshalo. Kunconywa ukuthi uphefute isixazululo se-vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Umdlavuza wesibindi - kubonakala kuqala ngezindawo ezimhlophe eziphakanyisiwe emaqabunga nasezintabeni, kamuva eziguqulwa zibe izilonda ezinombala ezimhlophe. Ukutheleleka okuyisimiso kubangela inqubo yokubilisa nokufa kwesitshalo ngenxa yalokho. Lesi sifo sidluliselwa emhlabathini, imbewu enesifo nesitshalo. Kunconywa ukususa izitshalo uma kutholakala izimpawu, okunye kufanele kuphathwe nge-sulfate yethusi. Ukugwema ukutheleleka kabusha esikhathini esizayo ukugcina ukujikelezwa kwezitshalo. Ukutshala okulandelayo kwe-pepper - akekho eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-3.
Kubalulekile! Umdlavuza webhaktheriya udluliselwa ngembewu. Kunconywa ukuphatha imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema noma ukunciphisa inani lama-pathogens.
- I-Verticillus (i-Wilt) - Isifo se-bacterial esiyinkimbinkimbi ekuqaleni kwesigaba. Ngentuthuko eqhubekayo yesifo, ama-blanching amaqabunga kanye nokutholakala kwefomu elonakele kubonakala. Lesi sifo sibangela ukubola kancane kancane futhi singelashwa, ngakho-ke izitshalo ezithathelwanayo zisuswe futhi zishiswa. Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kabusha ukukhipha amagciwane emhlabathini.
Funda indlela yokucubungula imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala, lapho uhlwanyela khona i-pepper, kungani amaqabunga e-pepper izithombo ziphenduka ophuzi, ukuthi ungondla kanjani izithombo, ungayinakekela kanjani i-pepper emhlabathini ovulekile, ungayilungisa kanjani ama-pepper ehlathini, ukuthi ungayilungisa kanjani i-pepper ebusika.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo
Lolu hlobo lwesifo luvame ukudluliselwa yizinambuzane. Ngokufanayo, amaqabunga ahlanganiswe namabala ahlukahlukene, kukhona ukuphambuka ekuthuthukisweni, kuba okungenampilo, kodwa ngeke kwenzeke. I-Pepper ibhekene nezifo ezinjalo zengculazi:
- Umdwebo womugwayi - ebonakala ngokubonakala kwephethini yama-mosaic emaqabeni obala okukhanyayo namnyama. Kancane kancane, ukufa kwezicubu kwenzeka ezindaweni ezithintekayo. Izithwala ziyizintuthwane nama-aphid. Uma izimpawu zitholakala, phatha isitshalo nge Chrysomal. Ukuze uthole i-prophylaxis, ukwelashwa kwembewu kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokutshala nge-disinfectant kanye nokujikeleza kwezitshalo kufanele kubonwe.
- Stolbur - izimpawu ziyamangalisa, zisho. Amaqabunga amancane ama-curl abune. Izithelo ezivuthiwe kungase kube nesicoco esinamandla. Yithwala ama-mites, ama-cicadas, i-aphid. Indlela ephumelelayo yokuqeda lesi sifo ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwezitshalo ezithathelwanayo, ukulwa nama-vectors. Imbewu kanye nezithombo zitshalwe ngama-disinfectants ngaphambi kokutshala. Abalimi bezitshalo batusa ukuphuza imibhede ngobisi obumnyama nsuku zonke izinsuku ezingu-10 ngezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane - lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa umsebenzi wegciwane.
- I-bronze (i-wilt ebonakalayo) - igciwane lisakazwa yi-thrips. Uphawu oluphawulekayo umbala wamahlamvu embala we-bronze noma ompunga-obomvu. Ukuqeda lesi sifo, zonke izindawo ezithintekile kufanele zisuswe, futhi izitshalo eziphathwe ne-Fundazol (susa izithelo ezivuthiwe ngaphambi kokwelashwa).
Uyazi? I-acuteness ye-pepper ibalwa esikalini sase-Scoville. Eprotheni elimnandi (isiBulgaria), izinga lezintambo ezinama-0 kuya ku-100 amaphuzu. I-Cayenne pepper ibonisa umphumela wamaphuzu angu-30-50 ayizinkulungwane. Okubukhali kunalesi sikali yizinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezihlotshisiwe ze-Carolina Reaper, enomthamo ovuthayo wezingxenye ezimbili zezigidi ezingu-200 eziyinkulungwane.
Izinambuzane
Akuyona nje isikhunta, amagciwane nama-bacteria ayingozi kupelepele. Kunezinambuzane eziningi ezingabangela umonakalo omkhulu kwisitshalo:
- Slugs - ukondla amaqabunga nezithelo. Ikhuthaza inqubo yokubola. Ukulwa namagciwane, basebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa esithi "Strela", kanye nokusebenzisa ama-groove azungeze amahlumela aphethwe ngodaka. Ngokuphumelelayo futhi kusiza ukukhulula umhlaba eduze kwamahlathi ngokusifafaza ngokuqhubekayo ngesinaphi esomile kanye nomswakama omuncu womhlabathi.
- Aphid - udla ijusi, okwenza ukubola, ukonakala nokulimala isivuno. Uhlala emaqabungeni, abangele baphenduke. Ukulwa nama-aphid asetshenziselwa izinambuzane "karbofos", "Keltan". Ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo nge-tincture yomlotha kanye nesobho elimanzi (amalitha ayishumi amanzi, 1 inkomishi yomlotha kanye nesipuni 1 sosipho oluketshezi).
- Isibungu se-spider - futhi udla ngesitshalo sesitshalo. Ingatholakala ngaphansi kweshidi. Ibhulogi emagatsheni we-pepper yisici esiyingxenye yalesi sigaba. Amathikithi abathwali bama-virus amaningi, futhi izidakamizwa ezifana ne-Fufanon, i-Karbofos, iPhosbecid noma i-Actellic zisebenza ngokuphumelelayo ukuze ziqedwe.
- I-fly fly - inambuzane ethwala izifo eziningana ze-fungal. Uma le nambuzane itholakele, kunconywa ukuba ugeze izitshalo ngamanzi ahlanzekile, ukhulule inhlabathi bese uthele i-peat noma isihlabathi. Ukucubungula izithelo eziqoqwe nomuthi "Commodore" (isilinganiso: 1 g ngalinye 10 l amanzi). Izitshalo ngokwabo emva kokuvuna kufanele zibhujiswe.
- I-wireworm - lena yi-larva ye-beetle yokuchofoza. Unombala ophuzi obomvu nokugqoka okunamandla. Idla izimpande futhi ingabangela umonakalo omkhulu kulo mhlaba. Emhlabathini kungase kube iminyaka engu-5. Ukuqeda le nkathazo kuveza indawo ejulile yokumba (ucingo luzobulawa ngamakhaza aphansi ebusika). Kungenzeka futhi ukubeka izinhlanzi: izicucu zezitshalo zibekwe esiteji kude no-30-35 cm, ezihlolwe emva kwezinsuku ezingu-2-3 futhi zibhubhise ama-wireworms atholakala lapho.
Uyazi? I-pepper yesiBulgaria iqukethe i-hormone yenjabulo. Le hormone nayo ikhona nge-tshokoleti, kodwa i-pepper ingamakholori encane.Izifo nezinambuzane ze-pepper ziyinani elikhulu, futhi lokhu kuholela ekutheni abalimi bayenqaba ukukhula lesi siko ngokwabo. Kunezincomo ezijwayelekile zokunciphisa amathuba okugula kwezitshalo: ukugcina ukujikelezwa kwezitshalo, ukuthenga imbewu enhle, ukuphatha imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala, ukutshala kusenesikhathi nokuhlanza ukhula. Ukuqaphela le mithetho elula, ukubona nokuphendula ngezifo ze-pepper ngesikhathi, ungakwazi ukukhula ngalesi siko esingenakuqhathanisa ngokwakho.
