Akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ngensimu ngaphandle kwephara "Elena"

Iphakathi kwe - enye yezithelo zasendulo kakhulu ezitshalwe ngumuntu.

Izitshalo ezithisa ukushisa zanda kakhulu ezindaweni ezifudumele.

Ukuvela kwezinhlobonhlobo zanamuhla ezinqanda ama-frost kwavunyelwa ukwandisa indawo yokusabalalisa eliphakathi kwelasezindaweni eziphakemeyo.

Uhlobo luni?

Amapheya "Elena" ahlanganisa izinhlobo zakuqala zasebusika. Izithelo zivuthwe ekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Kubalulekile ukuqoqa izithelo zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-10-15 emva kokuvuthwa, uma kungenjalo bawela emhlabathini.

Ukugcinwa ngemva kokususwa esihlahleni (ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunambitheka nokubukeka) egumbini elipholile kuze kube izinyanga ezingu-4.

Izinhlobo zasebusika zihlanganisa namapheya: Yanvarskaya, Yakovlevskaya, Chudesnitsa, Bere Russkaya, Feeriya, Nika noLyra.

Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda sokuzalanisa

Amapheya ahlukahlukeneko "Elena" (inegama lesibili - "Gehine") liyalinywa eningizimu futhi Izifunda zaseCentral Black Earth zaseRussia.

Ukuze uthole isivuno esiphezulu sokuvuna, inani lokushisa okusebenzayo endaweni yokulima ezihlukahlukene kufanele kube kusuka ku-2600 kuya ku-3000 ° C

Lezi zinhlobo zakhiwa ngo-1960 e-Armenia (Research Institute of Viticulture, Wine Making and Fruit-Growing) ngumfuyi odumile uPG Karatyan. ngokuwela izinhlobo "Forest Beauty" kanye "Winter Bechurna Michurina".

Uhlobo lwamapheya "u-Elena": incazelo nesithombe

Izihlahla ukukhula okuphansi noma okuphansi, unomqhele we-pyramidal wezinga eliphansi lamahlamvu. Izithelo zokuqala zivela eminyakeni engu-5-7 emva kokutshala.

Izihlahla ziyaqhakaza futhi zibeke izithelo njalo ngonyaka, ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu. Isivuno sesilinganiso sesihlahla siseduze 40 kg izithelo.

Kanti futhi kunezinhlobo eziphezulu ezivumela: Rogneda, Sverdlovchanka, uSvetlyanka, uBere Bosk noTatiana.

Izithelo zalezi zihlukahlukene zinhle enkulu (150-200 g), nxazonke-ezinemibala. Bamba isiqu esifushane esiphundu esiphezulu. Umbala wamapheya ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuphuza kancane.

I-pulp yezithelo i-creamy, ilukhuni ekuthungeni, ngokwanele amanzi, ane ukunambitheka okumnandi futhi omuncu okumnandi.

Izimfanelo zabathengi zezithelo ziye kakhulu kakhulu, kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa kokubili futhi kufomini ifakini.

Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo bese ubona amapheya "Elena" esithombeni ngezansi:

Izici

Izinzuzo zalezi zihlukahlukene zihlanganisa ukuphikiswa okuphezulu kwezifo ze-fungal. Imithi ayithinteki neze isikhumba kanye ne-septosporiosis.

Frost izinhlobo grade "Elena" isilinganiso ngokuqondile kuncike ekutheni umswakama otholwe ngesikhathi sonyaka (ukuphuza okwanele ngesikhathi sokuvuna okunomthelela kunciphisa umuthi futhi ngesikhathi seqhwa elikhulu lesi sitshalo singafa).

Ukutshala nokunakekelwa

Watshala izitshalo eziphakathi kwe-pear njenge entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Isikhathi esiphezulu kunazo zonke ukuphela kuka-aprili (amaqhwa aqinile asevele asuka) futhi ishumi lokuqala nelesibili lango-Okthoba (cishe inyanga ngaphambi kweqhwa lokuqala).

Izihlahla zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zikhetha umhlabathi loamy. Le nhlabathi ivumela izitshalo ukuthi zinikeze okungcono kakhulu (ngekhwalithi nangokwengeziwe) isivuno. Ezinye izinhlobo zenhlabathi (ubumba noma isanti) ngaphambi kokutshala izitshalo kudingeka zithuthukiswe.

Inhlabathi enzima (ukwandisa ukusabalalisa kwe-air) ihlanjululwa nge-peat, isihlabathi esinamafutha kanye nomquba. Inhlabathi yase Sandy ithuthukiswa ngokungeza inani elikhulu le-humus, umquba kanye ne-peat.

Phaka ukutshala umuthi omncane ukumba hhayi ngaphansi kuka-70 cm ejulile futhi cishe u-1 m ububanzi. Ngezansi ungaphonsa amathini amancane amathini namagobolondo ama-walnut.

Kumele kuqashwe ikakhulukazi ukutshala amapheya ezindaweni ezigcinwe esitokisini samanzi angaphansi komhlaba.

Ukukhukhula ngokweqile kwe-root system kungaholela ekufeni kwesihlahla.

Ukuvimbela lokhu, esiqhingini bamba imigodi eyengeziwe ukuze ukhiphe umswakama owedlulele.

Enye indlela yokutshala izihlahla ezindaweni ezimanzi ukutshala endaweni ephakeme noma ekwenzeni amagquma angafakelwayookuyinto ama-saplings afakwa uma etshalwe.

Ukunakekelwa kwemithi:

• Ukudubula
  Ukutshala izihlahla kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Isikhathi esamukelekayo kakhulu somsebenzi yinyanga kaMashi. Inhloso yale nqubo ukususa izingxenye ezomile nezifile zomuthi namagatsha anezimbali ezindala.

  Isici sokwehlukahluka kwamapheya "Elena" yindawo yamagatsha amancane okunikeza isivuno esigcwele. Ukudubula kwamagatsha kwenza kube lula ukudala umqhele wesihlahla nokulawula izinga lokuqina kwezitshalo.

• Ukuphalaza
  Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwe-prophylactic (ezivela ezinambuzane nezifo) zezihlahla kwenziwa entwasahlobo (ngo-Ephreli-Meyi) ngesikhathi sokuphuza i-buddha nasemuva kokuvela kwamaphepha ehlumela.

  Okwesithathu izihlahla zifakwe emasontweni amabili emva kokuphathwa kokwelapha. Esikhathini esizayo, ngezikhathi zokwelapha zasehlobo kufanele zenziwe kuphela uma kunezibonakaliso ezicacile zezifo.

Qaphela! Zonke izinhlobo zezihlahla ezishaye imithi ngamakhemikhali kumele zimiswe ngaphansi kwenyanga ngaphambi kokuvuna okuhlosiwe.

• Ukugqoka okuphezulu
  Ngonyaka wokuqala, izithombo zamapare ayikwazi ukudla. Ukutshala liqala ngonyaka wesibili emva kokuduka.

  Ngo-May, ukudla kokuqala nge nitrogen fertilizer - urea noma saltpeter.

  Ngesikhathi esifanayo unikele futhi ulandele izici. Ngalesi sikhathi, izimpande (izitshalo ezithuthukisa isakhiwo somhlabathi futhi ziwucebise nge nitrogen) zingahlwanyelwa nxazonke zomuthi.

  Izitshalo ezamukelekayo kakhulu zepeyard yi-mustard, phacelia, lupine, clover kanye nemifino. Ngesikhathi sokuwa, izitshalo zibola futhi zinikeze izakhi eziningi kumapheya.

  Ukudla okuyinhloko kwamapheya kwenziwa ekwindla. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-phosphate-potassium ne-organic (umquba, umlotha, i-humus, i-lime, usawoti wetafula, njll.) Umanyolo ulethwa phansi komqhele wesihlahla.

• Ukunisela
  Lokhu kuhlukahluka kwamapheya kuyathandeka kakhulu ngokuswakama. Ezinyangeni zasehlobo, kubalulekile ukungavumeli inhlabathi ukuthi iphele ngaphansi kwezihlahla nokuwasebenzisa njalo.

  Ekwindla, ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa lokuqala, sebenzisa imithi yokuthutha umswakama. Kule njongo, imijikelezo eseduze Ukuphuza ngokweqile ukujula kwama-50-80 cm.

  Lo mcimbi uvumela izihlahla ukuba zibekezelele isithwathwa umhlaba omanzi awuqedi ngokujulile, inhlabathi iphefumula kanye nesimiso sempande sithola amanzi ebusika.

Ukuphikisana nesithwathwa kuboniswa yizinhlobo ezilandelayo zama-pear: Uralochka, Silent Don, Tema, Perun, kanye neMemori kaZhegalov.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Leli banga ukumelana nezifo ezifayo, izihlahla cishe azithintekile //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html futhi septoria.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezinye izifo ezinamapayipi (umdlavuza omnyama, isithelo sokubola, i-rust, i-powdery isikhutha), enezinyathelo zokuzivikela ezinganele futhi ezivikelekile, kubangela ukulimala okungenakuqhathaniswa nezihlahla nezithelo.

Izinambuzane eziyinhloko ezingabangela umonakalo wepeyari - I-aphid eluhlaza, i-pear moth, i-listoblushka, i-pear mite ne-leafworm.

Izindlela eziyinhloko zokulwa nezifo nezinambuzane - Lokhu kuhlanzwa okuvamile kwamapheya kanye nezinyathelo ze-agrotechnical (ukushisa kwamahlamvu ashintshiwe, ukubhujiswa kwezithelo ezinezifo kanye nezingxenye zomuthi, ukumba izihlahla zemithi, njll.) Ukunakekelwa komuthi.

Ukumelana kahle nalesi sifo, njengoba isikhumba sibonisa izinhlobo: Oryol Beauty, Oryol Summer, Marble, Limonka noVictoria.

Izinhlobo zamapheya "Elena" zinenzuzo eningi futhi ngokunakekelwa okufanele kunika isivuno esihle kakhulu.