Ngesinye isikhathi, le mbali emangalisayo yaziswa kithi evela emazweni asezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezishisayo zaseMelika, ejwayele wonke umuntu owayengumfundi wesikole, ngoba ikhule cishe kuzo zonke izikole. I-Cosmeyu iyakhula eduze nendlu, ikakhulukazi ngoba ayinzima.
Incazelo ye-botanical
I-Cosmea (i-aster yaseMexico, ubuhle, i-Cosmos, i-Cosmos) iyisithombo esivela emndenini we-Astrov (i-Compositae), engokwezihlobo zonyaka nezikhathi zokuphela. Ehunyushwe kusuka esiGriki, leli gama lisho ukuthi "umhlobiso", mhlawumbe ngoba lezi zimbali ezingenakuzithoba zingahlobisa noma yiliphi izinga lembali elinabo. Ekubukeni, i-kosmey ifana nesihlahla esingaba yi-1.5 m high, esinezimbali ezingaba ngu-10 cm ububanzi, efana nesimo esibukeka kahle. Izimbali zidwetshwe ezimhlophe, ezibomvu, eziphuzi, ezibomvu, ze-burgundy, eziphakathi kwephuzi. Amapetali angatholakala emgqeni owodwa noma eminingana. Ubonakala buncane, buxhunyiwe, buqondile. Amaqabunga amancane, afana nezinaliti, aqoqwe ezinhlangothini ezincane, kodwa ungabambeki. I-Cosmea blooms kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuSeptemba, izithelo ziyimbewu.
Izinhlobo ezivamile kakhulu ze-cosmea:
- I-kosmeya dvuhpiperistaya, lapho izikhalazo zihlukaniswa khona ngemivini emibili emiphakathini.
- I-Kosmeya i-sulfur-yellow, enezicabha zombala ophuzi ophuzi noma o-orange, oqoqwe kuma-inflorescences one-6 cm kuya phezulu.
- I-Kosmeya ingukubomvu wegazi (omnyama), enezikhala zombala obomvu nomshokoledi omnyama. Imbali enhle ye-thermophilic.
- I-Cosmera terry, lapho amacembe eqoqwe khona emigqeni eminingana, ibukeka njenge-aster.
Uyazi? Kusukela ezimpandeni zalesi sitshalo kukhona izimbali ezinhle kakhulu ezima emanzini amasonto amabili.
Kuzimbali, hhayi ukubonakala kwe-cosmea kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuphikiswa kwezifo nezinambuzane. Lesi sitshalo sikhuthazela indawo kanye nezinye izimbali nezitshalo.
Isikhathi sokufika
Okusakazwa yi-cosme kungaba ukuhlwanyela ngokuqondile emhlabathini ovulekile noma indlela yokutshala. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi izimbali ezitshalwe ngokusebenzisa izithombo, ziqhakaze ekuqaleni.
Ukuhlwanyela emhlabathini ovulekile
Isikhathi esivela ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuze kube sekuqaleni kukaMeyi kufanelekile ukukhula kwe-cosmee kusuka emhlabathini ovulekile, okungukuthi, udinga ukutshala lapho ubusuku obubandayo buphelile. Ukushisa kwomoya ngosuku lokutshala imbewu akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-+18 ° C nangaphezulu kuka -25 ° C. Amahlumela okuqala angabonakala kungakapheli isonto ngemuva kokuhlwanyela. Emhlabathini ovulekile ungatshala ekwindla, eduze nobusika. Ekwindla, i-kosmey iphinda ikhiqize ngokuzihlwanyela.
Hlola ukukhethwa kwezitshalo ezinhle ekamelweni lokulala, igumbi lezingane kanye nehhovisi.
Indlela yokutshala
Ngezimbewu, njengombuso, izinhlobo zezitshalo ezimila futhi ezimilayo ziyatshala. Ngasekupheleni kukaMashi, imbewu yokutshala kufanele itshalwe ezitsheni ezilungiselelwe ngokukhethekile. Endaweni ethile ezinsukwini ezingu-10 emva kokuhlwanyela amahlumela okuqala kuqala ukuvela. Izithombo ezilungiselelwe zitshalwe endaweni evulekile ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJune.
Ukutshala i-cosmea nge-seeding ngqo
Ukutshala i-cosme, khetha nje indawo, ulungise inhlabathi kanye nembewu futhi unikeze ukunakekela okuncane.
Ukukhethwa kwendawo
I-Cosmea kuhle ukutshala eduze kwezihlahla zezithelo ukuheha ama-butterflies atholakale engadini.
Kubalulekile! I-Cosmea - isitshalo se-photophilous, ngakho kufanele itshalwe endaweni ekhanyayo, igweme izindawo ezinomoya.
Kungabuye futhi itshalwe njengengcingo. Uma uthanda imibhede yemifino ye-motley, lesi sitshalo simane siyadingeka, njengoba izimbali ezinemibala eminingi zinika umbhede wembali ukukhanya nokuziqhenya. Ngesizo lezi zimbali, ungagcina amehlo ezindawo zezinkinga emgodini, izindawo ezingapheli zenye izitshalo. Ngezinye izikhathi i-cosme itshalwe emasimini ukuze ikhokhe lapho i-eyed gold, ebulala i-aphid, i-mealybug, i-thrips. Izinhlobo ezincane ezikhulayo zezitshalo (isibonelo, isibabule-ophuzi) zingatshalwa emgodini. Futhi, imbali ibukeka kahle lapho yenza umngcele. Khumbula ukuthi lesi sitshalo side, ngakho-ke kungcono ukutshala ngemuva kwezinye izitshalo.
Ukulungiswa komhlaba kanye nenzalo
Ngaphambi kokutshala imbali, kubalulekile ukukhipha bese ukhulula phansi kahle. Ungamane ufefaze imbewu emhlabathini, bese uwafafaza kancane phansi, kodwa zama ukungafihli phansi phansi, ngaphandle kwalokho izithombo ziyokhula isikhathi eside.
Kubalulekile! Umhlabathi lapho isitshalo sitshalwe khona, akudingeki ukuba ukhule ungadingekile, kungabangela ukukhula kwesitshalo namaqabunga ngenani elincane lezimbali.
Ungakwazi ukumba izimbobo emhlabathini ngaphambi kokutshala ebangeni elingama-35 cm komunye nomunye. Esigodini ngasinye akukho okungaphezu kwezinhlamvu ezine ezigcotshiwe. Izimbiza akufanele zijule kakhulu - kufika ku-1.5 cm.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Cosme
Uma ukutshala kwe-cosme kwenziwa emhlabathini ovulekile, ukunakekelwa kwalo kuhilela ukuchelela, ukudla, ukugcoba nokusiphula, ukukhipha izinambuzane. Imbali ayidingi ukuchelela njalo, kepha ukuchelela okunye kufanele kube nokuningi - cishe amalitha amathathu amanzi ngayinye. Ukuphuza kungcono kusihlwa, ngemuva kokushisa komlilo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi awela emaqabungeni nasezintweni zokuphefumula. Izitshalo ezihlwanyelwe kufanele zibe mncane ukuze zithole ukukhanya kwelanga futhi, ngenxa yalokho, izimbali ezinkulu esikhathini esizayo. Kumele udonsa amahlumela abomile nezimbali ezinamaphiko. Kumele kunqunywe futhi ingxenye engaphezulu yesitshalo, khona-ke uhlangothi luzokhula iziqu ezintsha.
Zijwayele ngokuziqhenya kwezimbali ezinjengesiSurfinia, iBegonia, i-Pelargonium, i-Calibrachoa, i-Marigolds, i-Dahlia, i-Verbena, i-Hortensia, i-Zinnia, i-Lobelia, i-Chrysanthemum, iGeranium, i-Peony, i- Lily ne-Tulip.Ngemuva kwesonto kusukela ngosuku lokunciphisa umzimba, i-cosmey idinga ukondliwa futhi iqhubeke isondla kuze kube yilapho i-inflorescence ivela cishe kanye ngemva kwamasonto amabili. Sidinga ukukhula ukhula lukhula emhlathini, omdala ulwa nokhula uqobo. Uma utshale isitshalo esingapheli, ngoba amahlumela ebusika kudingeka adutswe ku-15 cm ukuphakama futhi amboze ngamagatsha e-coniferous. Lesi sitshalo singadalulwa kuma-aphid, khona-ke kufanele siphofwe ngesisombululo esikhethekile, kanye nezinkatha, ezingasetshenziswa ngesandla noma ukuphathwa ngezidakamizwa. Kusukela ezifweni, imbali ivuleka ku-fusarium lapho amaqabunga eqala ukuphenduka aphuzi futhi azungeze. Ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kwenziwa ngosizo lwe-fungicides.
4. Ukukhula nge-cosme ngokusebenzisa izithombo
Ukuze ukhule isitshalo ngokusebenzisa izithombo, kubalulekile ukuhamba ngezinyathelo ezintathu: lungiselela imbewu nenhlabathi, isitshalo futhi unikezele kahle izithombo, ukufakelwa emhlabathini ovulekile.
Imbewu ne-Substrate Ukulungiselela
Kakade ngo-Agasti, imbewu imbewu ingaqoqwa masonto onke. Ukuze uthole imbewu, izimbali ezinkulu zikhethiwe futhi amafihlethi ahlanganiswe ne-gauze, khona-ke imbewu ngeke iwa phansi uma ivuthiwe. Iqiniso lokuthi imbewu ivuthiwe, ibonisa umbala wabo - iba mnyama. Imbewu ye-Cosmee ayiphanga kuze kube yiminyaka emibili. Kodwa udinga ukwazi ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuhluma isitshalo i-pollinated nabanye, ngakho-ke kungase kungakhulumi uhlobo olutshalwe ngaphambili. Umhlabathi wezithombo udinga ukukhululeka, ukhule kancane futhi umanzi.
Uyazi? Igramu eyodwa yezinhlanzi ze-cosme iqukethe izingcezu ezingaba ngu-200.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lesi sitshalo singase sande ngokuzimela, sihlakaze imbewu evuthiwe, ngakho ngenkathi ezayo ungathola futhi ubuhle be-motley.
Ukuhlwanyela nokunakekela izithombo
Ukuze utshale izithombo, imbewu engu-3 yesitshalo itshalwe emabhodweni amancane. Izithombo zidinga ukuphuziswa kancane, ungafafazi umhlaba, futhi zimboze nge-foil, bese ufaka egumbini elifudumele (hhayi ngezansi kwe-+18 ° C) ngokukhanyisa okuhle kwelanga. Namanzi izithombo azidingi isikhathi esingaphezu kwe-1 ngesonto, kodwa kuningi. Ngemva kokuhluma, izithombo zizoqala ukunikeza amaqabunga, bese izithombo zingathathwa zibe isitsha esikhulu ukuze izimpande zingakhula ngokukhululekile. Uma ufuna isihlahla sikhule ezinhlangothini, phezulu kwe-stem kungasuswa ngemuva kokuthi amahlamvu avele.
Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile
Emhlabathini ovulekile, izithombo kufanele zitshalwe emva kokufinyelela ku-6-10 cm ukuphakama. Akufanele ugcine izithombo ekhaya isikhathi eside kakhulu, kungase kungashukumisi ukufakelwa emhlabathini ovulekile. Ukuze uhlele izithombo, kubalulekile ukumba izimbobo cishe 30 cm ngamunye ngezinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokutshala. Izithombo ezitshalwe kufanele zibe kusihlwa. Ngaphambi kokutshala imigodi ngamanzi amaningi. Lezo zinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo ezisezide, kungcono ukubopha, khona-ke iziqu ezincane zingamelana nomoya. I-Kosmeya yisitshalo esingenakuzithoba esingakhula ngisho nomuntu ongenamakhono ochwepheshe. Kuzokuthokozisa ngobuhle obuhle kakhulu ehlobo, ngisho nasekuqaleni kwekwindla.
