Noma yimuphi umnikazi womhlaba uzama ukuvuselela nokuwuhlobisa, ukuhlela ama-flowerbeds ahlukahlukene kanye nama-mixborders. Ngokuvamile, okuthandayo kunikezwa izitshalo zokuqala, phakathi kwalapho cineraria uzizwa eqiniseka. Ikwaziswa ngabalimi ngokubukeka kwayo okumangalisayo kanye nenani elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo, ezinye zazo esizolwazi ngazo, futhi sifunde indlela yokukhulisa kahle lesi simila emhlabathini ovulekile.
Incazelo ye-botanical
I-Canary Islands kanye nesiqhingi saseMadagascar zibiza isihloko sezwe lakuleli sitshalo esingavamile; kwakulapho lapho sathola khona ukusabalalisa okubanzi. UCineraria, unguNkulunkulu godson,iyisitshalo esingapheli, esingowomndeni wakwa-Astrov, uyisihlahla esihlaza. Izimbali zesitshalo zibukeka ngendlela ehlukahlukene ngokuya ebangeni. Amahlamvu mkhulu, i-petiolate, ihlukaniswe, isakhiwo sezinsizi, isiqu kanye namaqabunga anezansi.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo
Umthengisi okwamanje uheha isithakazelo esikhulu sabalimi nabalimi. Kuze kube manje, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-1300 zalesi sihle esiyingqayizivele, nakuba kusetshenziselwa ukulima, abantu abangu-12 bathandwa. Naphezu kokuthi phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-cineraria kunezitshalo zokulima ekhaya, izinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu, ezitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile. Izinhlobo ezintathu ezivame kakhulu zalesi siko ziyi:
- i-cineraria yesiliva;
- I-Cineraria inhle kakhulu;
- cineraria igazi.
Ngayinye yezinhlobo ze-cineraria inezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene futhi inezici zayo kanye nezici, engingathanda ukuhlala kuzo.
Silver Cineraria, noma njengoba kubizwa - ulwandle, Uhlobo oludumile kakhulu lwesitshalo, alusetshenziswanga kuphela ama-flowerbeds wezakhamuzi zasehlobo, kodwa nasemapaki asezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Lezi zinhlobo, nakuba zihlala isikhathi eside, ngokuvamile zikhulile emhlabathini ovulekile njengonyaka, ngenxa yamaqhwa. Amaqabunga angavamile e-godson olwandle angaphezu kokukhokhela izimbali ezivelele kakhulu. Amaqabunga e-shrub ahlaza, kodwa ahlanganiswe nengqimba encane ye-silvery lint, eyanika igama lezi zinhlobo. Amahlamvu ahlanganiswe ngokuqinile ema-rosettes azungeze isiqu, okuholela esihlahleni esibonakala njengebhola yesiliva. Lesi sici esenza ukuba i-cineraria yesiliva ithandwe ngamasimudi embali kanye nemibhede yembali.
Emklamo wezwe, ikakhulukazi sebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili zalolu hlobo lwesitshalo:
- Cirrus - Lezi zinhlobonhlobo izihlahla eziphakeme, ezimbozwe amaqabunga amakhulu aqoshwe ngamaphethelo ahlangene. Umbala wamaqabunga uwuphawu lwe-godsson yolwandle, isiliva, ukuphakama kwamahlathi kungu-40-45 cm.
- Isiliva Sesiliva (Isiliva Sesiliva) - ezihlukahlukene, okuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlela imingcele, izindlela, imibhede yasedidi. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kuyinto encane - cishe ngo-25 cm, amahlamvu aluhlaza okweluhlaza obunzima obugqamile. Kuyizihlahla ezivulekayo ngokucacile, njengokungathi zihlanganiswa neqhwa, ziheha abantu abakhiqizi bezwe kanye nabalimi bezimbuzi ezikhulayo kulezi ezihlukahlukene.
Cineraria inhle kakhulu (Cineraria elegans) yizinye izinhlobo ezijabulela ukuzwelana okukhulu kwabathandi bezimbali. Ikhulile njengonyaka. Kuyakhaka ngoba, ngokungafani nesiliva, kunezimbali eziqhakazile, ezigcwele, ezithuthukisa inzuzo yayo yokuhlobisa. Amaqabunga ahlaza, ama-velvety ne-nap, izimbali zivamhlophe, zibomvu, zibomvu. Lesi sitshalo sikhulu - 60-90 cm, sinesibindi esinamandla, inqwaba yamagatsha, ikhula kakhulu ngokushesha phakathi nesikhathi sonke sezimbali, esiqala ngoJuni futhi siqhubeke kuze kube seqhwa kuqala.
Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zamasimu ase-krestovnik abathanda ukhetho ezimbili:
- Nanus - izihlahla ezinamatshe angaphezu kwezingu-25 cm, ezibonakala ngenani elikhulu lezimbali zombala obomvu obomvu, enkabeni yomgogody core.
- Ligulosus - inhlanganisela ehlukahlukene, ethandwa ikakhulukazi lapho yenza ama-flowerbeds ukuze izimbali zayo zicebile, inezimbali ezimbili ezihlukahlukene ze-shades: ezimhlophe, ezibomvu, i-lilac.
I-Cineraria igazi (hybrid)- naphezu kwegama elibizayo, isihlahla sihle kakhulu futhi siyazijwayele ngisho nabantu abakude ne-floriculture. Lezi zinhlobo zitholakala ngobuningi bezitolo zezimbali. Isici esihlukile salezi zinhlobo zezimbali eziningi: izimbali ezimibalabala zesitshalo, eziqoqwe ngezimbulunga, zakha ifu elikhanyayo ngaphezu kwe-shrub. Bukeka kahle emibhedeni, eduze nemigwaqo yasejadini, ensimini yasebusika eduze kwendlu.
Lezi zinhlobo nazo zimelelwa izinhlobo ezimbili ezidumile:
Uyazi? Amaqabunga e-cineraria hybrid ehlangothini oluphambene naso anombala obomvu obomvu, yingakho ibizwa ngokuthi igazi.
- Umkhulu - isihlahla esiphezulu sokuphakama okulinganiselwa ku-50 cm. Izimbali zinkulu, ngokubukeka kufana ne-camomile elibomvu nezimbali ezibomvu.
- I-Stellata - izihlahla ezinamanzi aphezulu (70-90 cm) ezinezimbali ezincane njenge-asterisks, ezanikeza igama ezihlukahlukene.
Lapho ukutshala khona cineraria
Njengazo zonke ezinye izitshalo, u-godson udinga ukukhetha indawo enhle yokutshala, futhi acabange injongo yakhe yokuhlobisa, le nkinga kufanele icatshangelwe ngokuphelele.
Futhi, ungahlwanyela izihlahla ezinjengokungcebeleka kusayithi lakho njenge: apelnaya, i-sedge yokuhlobisa, i-chrysanthemum yase-Indiya, i-redrose, i-almond, i-bookfoil, i-honeysuckle, i-spirea ka-Boumald, i-chubushnik, isigela, i-camellia ne-magnolia engadini
Ukukhanyisa nendawo
Njengezinye izitshalo eziningi ezihlobisa izimbali, i-cineraria ayithandi ukushisa, ngakho-ke, ukhetha indawo yokutshala lesi sitshalo, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi isayithi alikho ilanga eliqondile lapho lihlala khona. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze kutholakale izimbali eziphephile, isitshalo sidinga ukukhanya okuningi, kusukela kule ndawo yokubukela isayithi elibhekene empumalanga lingalingani.
Inhlabathi ekhulayo
Uma ukhula izithombo ze-cineraria, kungcono ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela enhlabathini elungiselelwe ngokusekelwe enhlabathini yomhlabathi, isihlabathi, umquba kanye ne-peat. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutshala izithombo zezitshalo emhlabathini ovulekile, akudingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile endaweni yomhlabathi. Izwe kufanele libe lemvelo, elikhululekile, elimanzi futhi elinomsoco.
Kubalulekile! Uma uguqula emhlabathini ovulekile, izitshalo kufanele zitshalwe ngokuqinisekile ngendwangu enkulu yomhlabathi lapho izithombo zikhule khona.
Ukukhiqizwa nokutshala
Kubalimi abanolwazi, ukulima kwe-cineraria ngeke kube nzima, ngoba ukukhiqizwa kwayo kubonakala ngokujwayelekile kuzo zonke izitshalo eziqhakazayo: ezivela imbewu nangendlela yemifino.
Imbewu
Indlela eyinhloko yokusakazwa kwamagceke kuyimbewu. Imbewu yezithombo zokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile ihlwanyelwa ebusika, ngakho-ke lapho kusungulwa isimo sezulu esifudumele (ngokuvamile ekupheleni kukaMeyi), kungenzeka ukufakelwa izithombo kwisayithi.
Ngakho-ke, ukuhlwanyela kwembewu, ke, kwenziwa ngoFebhuwari. Inhlanganisela yenhlabathi ilungiswa emathangi, okubandakanya umhlaba weqabunga ne-sod, umquba nomhlabathi. Emabhokisini kunesidingo sokwenza imigodi yamanzi ukugwema umswakama obumnyama. Ubuso bomhlaba kumele buhlanganiswe, imbewu ihlwanyelwe kusuka phezulu, asikho isidingo sokuyijula enhlabathini, ngoba incane kakhulu. Emva kokutshala imbewu, inhlabathi kufanele ibe ne-tamped kancane futhi ifakwe emanzini. Ukwakha i-microclimate enhle ibhokisi lembewu lihlanganiswe nefilimu.
Kubalulekile! Ukunisela imbewu kanye nezithombo, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise indlela ephansi yokunisela noma uchithe umhlabathi phezulu ngamanzi avela ebhodleleni le-spray noma i-caning.
Amahlumela okuqala wezithombo avela, njengombuso, ngesonto. Emasontweni amabili kamuva, lapho amaqabunga okuqala avela ezitshalweni, atshalwa zibe iziqukathi ezihlukene futhi ashiye endaweni enomthunzi izinsuku ezimbalwa, emva kwalokho abuyele ekamelweni elihle. Ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kwezithombo kuphuza ngesikhathi esifanele futhi kufaka umquba umanyolo kanye nezinsuku eziyishumi.
Ngokusungulwa kwesimo sezulu esifudumele, izithombo zitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile ngendwangu yomhlaba emigodini elungiselelwe ebangeni elilinganiselwa ku-25 cm komunye nomunye.
Izindlela zemifino
Indlela yokuhlanganiswa i-cineraria isetshenziswa kancane njalo. Le ndlela ayiyinkimbinkimbi futhi iyathakazelisa kakhulu, ifaneleka izitshalo zezimbali. By cuttings ungakwazi basakaze i-seaside silver cineraria. Ukwenza lokhu, usike isitshalo eside esingu-10 cm kusuka esitshalweni somuntu omdala bese usitshala ukuze uqhube umhlabathi olungiselelwe.
Ukuxhunyelela usebenzisa ibhokisi leplywood ngamacala aphansi. I-substrate ithululelwa kuyo kusukela emhlabathini kusukela esakhiweni nasesihlabathini somfula, kusukela phezulu ihlanganisa ingxube ngendwangu eyengeziwe yesihlabathi. Ukucwilisa i-substrate nge-disinfect, kutuswa ukuba uwuthulule ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate.
Cut cuttings zijule emhlabathini bese zakha umphumela wokushisa kuze kube yilapho isitshalo sigxile ngokuphelele. Ukwakha i-greenhouse engasetshenzisiwe, ungasebenzisa izindebe ezilahlayo ezibonakalayo ezisePlastiki ezimbozayo. Ukunisela kwenziwa kabili ngosuku. Amandla nezitshalo azikwazi ukushiywa ilanga eliqondile. Ngemuva kokuvuthwa kwe-cuttings, kubalulekile ukuqala ukuqina kwabo ukuze bangafi ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, susa ama-caps kubo, okokuqala amahora ambalwa ngosuku, usuku ngalunye landa isikhathi sabo emoyeni ovulekile.
Izitshalo ezilungiselelwe zifakelwa emibhedeni entwasahlobo. Balinda ubusika ebusika.
Isiko lokunakekelwa
I-Cineraria iyingxenye yezitshalo ezingenakuzithoba, ngisho nendawo engadini engenalwazi izobhekana nalo, umthetho omkhulu ekumnakekeleni ukulinganisela.
Inhlangano yokunisela
Umthengisi - Ukukhishwa kwesimo sezulu esishisayo, ngakho-ke, ukuthanda umswakama, ngokulandelana, ukuchelela kufanele kube nsuku zonke. Esikhathini esishisayo, kungase kudingeke ukuba uchithe lesi sitshalo ngisho kabili ngosuku. Kodwa-ke, nayo yonke inhlobo yayo yomswakama, i-cineraria engenangqondo, ukuqhuma kancane kwamanzi emhlabathini kungabangela ukubola kwezimpande nembali izofa, ngakho kubalulekile ukukhulula inhlabathi ngesikhathi, ukuthuthukisa ukujikeleza kwe-air. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa hhayi kuphela ukuphuza isitshalo, kodwa futhi bahlanza amaqabunga.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Cineraria, njenganoma yisiphi isitshalo esiqhakazayo, iningi lemithombo isetshenziselwa ukwakheka kwamafihlethi, ngokulandelana, isidingo sokudla. Inhlabathi lapho imbali ikhula khona, kufanele ukhule njalo ngamanyolo wamaminerali, ngokuvamile okungenani kabili ngenyanga. Ngenkathi yokuhluma nokuvuthwa, isitshalo, ngaphezu kokufaka umquba omanyolo, sidinga umquba ophilayo, ozokwenza isikhathi eside siwuqhakaze futhi uzosindisa isikhwama sokuqeda. Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi izitshalo zezimbali kutuswa ukuba zisebenzise izakhi ezikhethekile.
Ukudubula
Ukunciphisa okukhethekile kwe-cineraria akudingi, ngokuyinhloko, kwenziwa ngezinhloso zokuhlobisa. Ukwakha isihlahla kungasuswa amaqabunga omuthi wesitshalo. Susa futhi amaqabunga afile - lokhu kuyadingeka ukunweba isikhathi sokumbali.
Uyazi? Ngisho namafihlethi kanye nezimbali ezingapheli ngokuvamile ziyonqunyulwa kusuka ku-cineraria yesiliva, ngoba zilimaza ukubukeka kwesitshalo ngokuziqhenya kwazo.
Izinambuzane nezifo
Ngokumangalisayo, i-cineraria emnene iyamelana nezifo zezimbali. Into kuphela esongelayo yi-powdery mildew ejwayele cishe zonke izitshalo zokuhlobisa. Ngeshwa, uma lesi sitshalo sigula, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi siphethe ezinye izihlahla, ngakho-ke kungcono ukususa isitshalo esibulalayo, nokuhlola izitshalo ezinempilo ngesikhathi esifanele. Ukuvimbela lesi sifo kuyinhlangano efanele yokutshala isiko kanye nokugeleza kwenhlabathi, njengoba isikhumba se-powdery sikhuphuka kokungaphezulu komswakama.
Izinambuzane zivame ukungena ku-godson, ikakhulukazi i-aphid ne-spider mite yonke indawo. Izindlela zokubhekana nazo ziwukusebenzisa amalungiselelo akhethekile ezinambuzane zezitshalo.
Cineraria - isitshalo esiyingqayizivele esihlanganisa ubuciko nobuhle. Awuzithobeki ekutshalweni nasekunakekeleni futhi ubukeka enhle njengemibhede yemifino ehlangene, futhi ngamunye. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, lesi siko sizohlobisa isakhiwo sedimu, ibhaluni noma ithala.
