Ngegama elithi "duchess", abantu abaningi bakhumbula izinkumbulo ze-lemonade edumile noma i-sweet candy kusukela ebuntwaneni babo. Kubalimi, leli gama elimangalisayo lisho i-dessert eliphakathi kwezinto ezihlukahlukeneyo ezinomusa omuhle kakhulu. Izihlobo zasehlobo zalesi sithelo, esibizwa nangokuthi "U-Williams ehlobo", abalimi be-amateur bazokwazi ukukhula engadini yabo kalula, bese bekwazi ukuvuna isivuno esicebile uma bekwazi futhi belandela imithetho ethile kanye nezimfihlo.
Umlando wokuzala
I-homeland ithini lamapheya alo lonke uhlobo olusetshenziswayo futhi olusebenzayo oluhlukahlukene lwe "Duchess" laliyisifundazwe eningizimu yeNgilandi - iBerkshire, lapho, emuva kuka-1796, lezi zinhlobo ezimangalisayo zakhiwe nguMbumbi we-Wheeler. Elinye igama lamapheya "I-duchess summer" igama elithi "Williams summer" noma "uWilliam Bon-Chretien." Yebo, lokhu akuyona iphutha, lezi zinhlobo zinegama lomunye umuntu - uWilliams, ngenxa yokuthi iqembu lalezi zithelo liye lasakazeka emhlabeni wonke futhi manje sinethuba lokujabulela i-aftertaste emangalisayo yesithelo. I-etymology yegama livela ngesiFulentshi "ducheese", okusho ngokwezwi nezwi ukuthi "udoti". 
Uyazi? E-China, i-pear ibhekwa njengophawu lokungafi, futhi i-pear tree ephukile ayiyona into embi.
Incazelo yomuthi
Isihlahla esithi "Ukuhlaziya Ihlobo" sinomumo obanzi we-pyramidal, ihlukaniswa ngokukhula okuqinile noma okuphakathi namahlamvu aminyene, kanye nokubekezela okuhle kwebusika. Amagxolo namagatsha anobuso obushelelezi futhi ahlukaniswe umbala obala obala. Amahlumela aqondile, ahlanganiswe futhi anzima, nenani elikhulu lamalenti. Amaqabunga amakhulu omumo ovalwe oval we-tapers ekugcineni ahlukaniswa ngokubushelela nobuhlakani bawo obuhle.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobo ezinjalo zamapheya njenge: "Dukhmyanaya", "i-Belarusian Late", "Thumbelina", "Ububele", "i-Rossoshanskaya dessert", "i-Everlasting", "i-pear yaseChina", i- "Krasulya", i- "Bergamot", "i-Just Maria "," Elena "no" Nika ".
Incazelo yezithelo
Amapheya "Williams Summer" anomumo obanzi ngobukhulu obuphakathi (80-180 g) ngendwangu ehlanganisiwe. Izithelo zine-tuber-like surface, i-peel encane yombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanye nephunga elitholakalayo elimnandi. Isakhiwo se-pulp sinethenda futhi sinamanzi ane-granules enemibala emihle. Ezingeni elingamaphuzu amahlanu, izithelo zilinganiswa ngama-tasters kuma-4.8 amaphuzu: namanje, emva kwakho konke, ukunambitheka kwewayini-okumnandi kwesithelo ngamanothi avela emascat ngeke kushiye noma ubani ongenandaba. 
Kubalulekile! I-pear juice inezakhiwo eziyingqayizivele ezingasusa izibonakaliso zomzimba zomzimba. Isithelo sidume kakhulu ngezinhloso zokwelashwa - kuyingxenye yemithi eminingi elwa namakhaza, futhi okuqukethwe kwekhalori ephansi yezithelo kuvumela ukuba bafakwe kwimenyu yokudla.
Izidingo zokukhanyisa
Kungaphethelelwa ekuchazweni kokubukeka kwe-Pear Williams Summer (umqhele ongavamile, ukuhlanganiswa okubuthakathaka nokuhlukanisa okubanzi) ukuthi lokhu kuyintando ehlukahlukene. Ukuze uthole ukuphila okunethezeka nokuvunwa okukhiqizayo, kubalulekile ukutshala endaweni engenelanga yensimu, ngoba uma kungabikho ukukhanya okwanele umuthi uzokhula kahle.
Izidingo zomhlaba
Inhlabathi evundile enomhlabathi omnyama noma enhlabathini yonke, ukukhanya okukhanyayo kanye nokuqinisekisa umswakama okwanele - kuyisihluthulelo sokuvuna okuphumelelayo "kwe-Summer Duchess". Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukunakekelwa ukuthi izimpande ngaphakathi komhlaba zinethuba lokukhula ngaphakathi nangakwesokunene, kodwa izimbobo kudingeka zenziwe okungaphezu kuka-1 m ukujula no-70 cm ububanzi. Ukutshala kuvame ukuqhutshwa eminyakeni eyishumi yesibili ka-Ephreli, ngaphambi kokuba izihlahla zihlume ezihlahleni. Ukumbozwa komhlabathi ngomquba (ukhula, humus noma utshani) kumele kwenziwe ekwindla ngaphambi kokudonsa kokuqala kokushisa nemvula. 
Uma uhlwanyela umuthi, kunconywa ukuba ufake isisekelo sokulwa nomoya - isigxobo esitshalwe ngokujulile emhlabathini eceleni kwesithombo futhi siboshwe ngayo indlela ye-G-8 ifanele lokhu.
Kubalulekile! "I-Summer Duchess" ikhula kabi ngamatshe anesihlabathi futhi achotshoziwe, futhi ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinomsoco noma ezinamanzi.
Ukuvota
Lokhu kuhluka kungokwamaqembu okuzitholela, ngakho-ke ukuhluma kwayo kubalulekile indawo yabanye abavolontiya. Okufanele kakhulu ukuvota imifino yezinto ezinhlobonhlobo "Williams Summer" kuyoba yizinhlobo zayo: izinhlobo zasendle noma zasendle "Forest Beauty", "Pass Krassan", "Klapp's Pet", "Olivier de Serre", i-Bere ezihlukahlukene "i-Ardanpon" ne "Bosc".
Fruiting
Inqubo ye-fruiting ivame ukuqala iminyaka emihlanu ukuya kweyisithupha emva kokutshala. Izithelo ziboshwe ezinxenyeni ezimbili-ezintathu futhi zixhunywe ngokuqinile esitsheni, okuvumela ukuba bahlale emagatsheni isikhathi eside.
Isikhathi sokumbali
I-inflorescences yesitshalo sase-Williams Summer ivame ukuqoqwa ngezimbali ezingu-6-7. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza sisimiso eside futhi sekwephuzile; Kodwa-ke, phakathi nalesi sikhathi, lesi sihlahla sihambisana kahle nokushisa kwomoya kanye nombuso jikelele wesimo sezulu. 
Isikhathi sokubeletha
Ukuhlabelela izithelo ze "Ukuhlanza ihlobo" kuqala ngo-Agasti. Lapho echaza inqubo yokuvuthwa kwekhasi elithi "Duschess Summer", okokuqala, kufanele uqaphele ukushintsha kombala wezithelo: ikhasi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka libonakala futhi liba liphuzi elikhanyayo ngamachashazi amancane omnyama.
Uyazi? Izinkuni zamaparezi zihlaba amandla ngamandla alo: namuhla, ifenisha, izinsimbi zomculo, ababusi bezakhiwo nezakhiwo, kanye nezitsha zamakhishi (amapuleti nama-mugs) nezinye izinto zokusebenza ezenziwe kulokhu okushiwo.
Ukuthela
Ukukhiqiza kuhle kakhulu futhi kufinyelela ezingeni lika 250 kg emthini owodwa. Qala ukuvuna amapheya maphakathi no-Agasti ekupheleni. Ngenxa yokuthi izithelo azitholakali, awukwazi ukugijima ukuzithatha ngokushesha ngemva kokuvuthwa. 
Ukuthutha nokugcina
Ikhono lokuthutha izithelo lisezingeni elihle uma amapheya ahlala eqinile futhi engapheli. Isithelo singagcinwa isikhathi eside, kuqala emithini, bese kuthi esiqandisini ngemuva kokuvuna. Impilo yeshefu yezithelo eziqhekekile zisukela ezinsukwini eziyisihlanu kuya kwezingu-7, lapho kuvunwa amapheya ezinzima - izinsuku ezingu-14, futhi uma izimo zokugcina zibandayo - kuze kufike ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5.
Izifo nokuphikiswa kwezinambuzane
Ngeshwa, lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nezifo nezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene, okuholela ekulimaleni okuvamile emthini nge-fungal disease - isikhumba. Phakathi kwezinambuzane eziphazamisa ukuthuthukiswa okuvamile kwesihlahla, zingabizwa ngokuthi ama-aphid kanye nezingane zokubeletha. Ngisho nabathandi bomuthi ugoba, ngakho-ke uma amagundane eqala ukuvakashela isayithi lakho, kufanele unakekele ukwakhiwa kocingo noma olunye ucingo. 
Kubalulekile! Ngokumelene nesibalo, ukwelashwa kwesitshalo ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuqhakaza ngokukhipha ithusi ye-oxychloride (0.5%) kusiza, kuyilapho amaqabunga acindezelwe kakhulu kufanele ashiswe. Umhlabathi ozungeza umuthi uphathwa nge-nitrafen (0.3%).
Ngaphambi kokuvela kwamafucumfucu emithini, kubalulekile ukwenza ukwelashwa okuvimbela noma okunokwelapha kwe-hedgehog ngesisombululo se-Olekuprit noma i-Karbofos ekulinganisweni kwe-90 g yomkhiqizo wokwelapha kuya ku-10 amalitha amanzi.
Ukubekezelelana kwesomiso
Uma sikhuluma ngokujwayela kwe-pear "Ukuchitha ihlobo" ukuze kuguqule noma kushintshwe izinguquko ezimweni zesimo sezulu, izinga lokumelana nesomiso liphansi. Ngokuqondene nokunisela, kulo magazini umuthi omncane uyanxusa kakhulu, ngoba izimpande zesitshalo azange zenziwe ngokuqinile. Kudingekile ukuba uphuze ngezikhathi ezandulela ukusabalalisa kwentwasahlobo, emva kokuphela kokugcina, kanye naseminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala ekwindla. 
Ngemuva nje kokuba uhlelo lwempande lukhule kakhulu enhlabathini, lesi sitshalo sizokwazi ukondla ngokugcwele umswakama ngenxa yezingxenye zomhlaba ongaphansi komhlaba. Ukugwema obvetrivaniya, kufanele ukhethe ukufika okuvikelwe endaweni yomoya.
Uyazi? Ngaphambi kokuba iYurophu iqale ukubhema ugwayi wangempela, izakhamuzi zasezwekazi zibhema amaqabunga amancane. Namuhla, ukuhlanza njalo umlomo nge-decoction yeqabunga lamagatsha kanye ne-cranberries kungasiza ukuyeka ukubhema njalo lapho ufuna ukubhema. Ukudla i-citrus, i-currant emnyama kanye namapheya kuzosiza ukukhipha i-nicotine bese ugcwalisa ama-vitamin C emaseleni omzimba, okuyinto eyancipha ngesikhathi sokubhema.
Ubusika obunzima
Izinga lobunzima bebusika "Ukuhlambalaza" liphansi, ngakho-ke kunengqondo ukummboza ebusika. Kunconywa ukumboza phansi kwesihlahla ngendwangu yokotini noma ephephandabeni. Ukushintshana okushisayo phakathi kwezimpande kanye nezinye izingxenye zesitshalo kunikezwa ngosizo lweqhwa eliwile: lokhu, inani elikhulu leqhwa libekwe nxazonke.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezithelo
Amapheya ezinhlobonhlobo zasehlobo "Duchess" noma "Williams" kuhle ukusebenzisa kokubili ifomu le-dessert elisha nelisetshenzisiwe (ama-compotes, ama-juice, ama-jams, izithelo ezifakiwe). Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapheya omisiwe asetshenziswe njengamafutha asekuseni.
Amandla nobuthakathaka
Izithelo kwanoma yiziphi izinhlobo eziphakathi kwamapheya angeke ziphelele ngokuphelele, ngayinye yazo inezinzuzo zayo, kodwa uma wazi amaphuzu obuthakathaka, ungagcina umuthi emiphumeleni engalungile futhi uqoqe isivuno esihle.
Seluleka ukuba uzijwayele nazo zonke iziqili: ukutshala (ekwindla noma entwasahlobo), ukuxhunyelelwa nokunciphisa umuthi we-pear.
Izinzuzo
Phakathi kwezici ezinhle zamapheya afana ne "Duchess" noma "Williams Summer" zingabizwa ngokuthi:
- isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele samavithamini namaminerali esithelweni;
- isivuno esicebile, sikhula ezimweni ezihlukahlukene zezulu;
- Ukubukeka okukhangayo kwesithelo, inyama enomusa neyomnandi, ukunambitheka okumnandi okubabayo;
- Ukukhetha okubanzi ukusetshenziswa;
- ukungazitholi ekulimeni (kokubili amasimu engadini, nezindawo ezinkulu zezimboni);
- isikhathi eside sokugcinwa kwezitshalo ezivunyiwe;
- ukuvuselelwa kabusha.
I-Cons
Naphezu kohlu olubalulekile lwezinzuzo, amapheya alokhu okuhlukahlukene anempahla emibi:
- ukumelana kabi nezifo nezinambuzane ezinambuzane;
- izinga eliphansi lokumelana nesomiso;
- ukubekezelelana okuvamile kwenkathi ebandayo kanye neqhwa.
Ngakho-ke, sifunde ngezici zokutshala nokukhula kwamapheya ezinhlobonhlobo zasehlobo "Dyushes", kanye nokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokuvuna olulindele ngenkathi sigcina yonke le mithetho. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lolu hlobo lwezithelo luhlala luyintandokazi hhayi kuphela yabalimi, kodwa futhi nemindeni yabo, ikakhulukazi izingane, ezijabule kakhulu nge-pear treat.
