Isitshalo sangaphambi kwezinsuku ezingama-lithops kusuka kuhlobo lwe-Succulents, umndeni wakwa-Aiza, uvame ukubiza itshe eliphilayo. Ikhula ogwadule lwase-Afrika (South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Chile). Abaqoqi bayayithanda ngemibala yayo ehlukahlukene namaphethini ahlukile kumaqabunga.
Lona kanye igama elithi "Lithops" lisuselwa embhalweni wamaGrikhi futhi lihumusha ngokweqiniso ngokuthi "ukubukeka kwetshe." Lesi sitshalo sangeniswa okokuqala e-Europe ngumcwaningi wezitshalo u-John William Burchel. Uhlangane nezindawo zokucima ukoma eCape of Good Hope futhi wachaza ikhathalogi yakhe ngejografi, eyashicilelwa ngonyaka we-1815.
Ukuchazwa kwama-lithops
Phezu kwenhlabathi, lesi sitshalo sibukeka njengamaqabunga amabili asikiwe, ahlanganisiwe, anamafutha ahlukaniswe yisitolo esincane futhi esifana namatshe amancane abushelelezi noma amatshe asolwandle. Ama-Lithops afunda ukulingisa umbala nokuma komhlaba kwenhlabathi, ethatha umbala kusuka kokuluhlaza okukhanyayo kuya kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kusuka ku-beige kuya ku-brown.
- Lesi sitshalo esincane sikhula sibe ngu-5 cm ukuphakama kungabi ngaphezu kwama-4 cm ububanzi. Akukho stem kuma-lithops.
- Amaqabunga mancane ngosayizi, anomumo oyindilinga ezinhlangothini, ngenhla kwesakhiwo esiyisicaba. Ukuphakama nobubanzi bawo bufana ncamashi - kufinyelela ku-5 cm. Amahlumela amasha nomcibisholo oveza imbali kukhula kuphuma phakathi kwegquma phakathi kwamaqabunga amadala.
- Izimbali ezinobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-2,5 ukuya kwele-23 ziyafana nama-daisies amhlophe naphuzi, kwezinye izinhlobo zombala osawolintshi (obomvu-ngamakhanda). Abanye banephunga elishiwoyo. Okokuqala, ama-buds avulwa ntambama. Izimbali zihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto.
- Uhlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo luthuthukiswa kakhulu, luphindwe kaningana kunengxenye yalo yomoya. Ngesomiso esinzima, izimpande zibonakala zidonsa amaqabunga emhlabathini, ngaleyo ndlela zisindise zona uqobo nasekufeni.
Izinhlobo ezaziwayo zama-lithops
Sekukonke, izinhlobo ezingama-37 zama-lithops aqoshwa futhi achazwa. Kepha lezi zitshalo zivame ukuvela ngokuthengiswa.
Okudumile:
| Isihloko | Kushiya | Izimbali |
| Olive luhlaza | Umbala weMalachite onamachashazi akhanyayo emaphethelweni aphezulu. Ifakwe ngaphezulu kokuphakama konke, inobubanzi obungama-2 cm. | Okuphuzi |
| Izinketho | Ihlukaniswe cishe kusuka esisekelweni, phezulu kancane phezulu. Umbala uluhlaza grey, ompunga. Kukhona abantu abanombala onsomi. | Okumhlophe, okunama-cream stamens. |
| I-Aucamp | Okumnyama, okuluhlaza okotshani, onsundu ebusweni. 3-4 cm ukuphakama. | Kuphuzi, kukhulu, kufinyelela ku-4 cm. |
| Leslie | Encane, hhayi ephakeme ngaphezu kuka-2 cm. Luhlaza okotshani, kumnyama kusuka phezulu, kubangwa. | Okumhlophe, nephunga elimnandi. |
| Imabula | Impunga, ngokushintshwa kombala kusuka phansi kuya phezulu kusuka kokukhanya kuya kokumnyama. Zikhula ziye phezulu, okwenza lesi sitshalo sifane nenhliziyo esesimweni. | Ngobubanzi, mkhulu kuneqabunga (5 cm). Umbala wesihlabathi. |
| Isi-brownish | UTselindrovidnye, uthambile phezulu. Umthunzi onsundu onsundu, cishe ushokoledi kanye namachashazi abomvu nemivimbo. | Umbala omncane ophuzi. |
| Volka | Bangama-chirp-like, babe ne-tint emhlophe. Umbala kusuka ku-bumpunga-mpunga kuye ku-brown-lilac. Ingaphezulu linamachaphaza. Isigaxa sijulile, sehlukanisa amaqabunga ama-lobes angalingani. | UGolide |
| I-Pintle | Onsundu nge-tint ebomvu ebunjiwe. Ndawonye zinesimo esidlulile esifana nobhontshisi wekhofi. | Ezinye ezinhle kakhulu futhi ezinkulu kunazo zonke. Ubukhulu bawo buyi-4 cm ububanzi. Umbala uguquka usuka kumhlophe maphakathi ube ngu-pink maphakathi nobovu be-coral emaphethelweni. |
| Muhle | Matte luhlaza ngokuqhuma okuhoqayo. Kukaliwe, kuhlakazeke ngokujulile, ngakunye kufana nethonsi, futhi, kuxhunyiwe ngababili, kubukeka njengenhliziyo eyaphukile. | Okumhlophe okuphakathi nendawo ephuzi emnyama, kuqhakaza ngoSepthemba, kufaka iphunga elimnandi. |
Kuze kube manje, ososayensi sebethole futhi bachaza izinhlobo ezintsha zama-lithops. Ngakho-ke, owokugcina, i-Lithops amicorum yavela ngo-2005.
Izicucu endle
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, impilo nentuthuko yalezi zitshalo incike enkathini, i.e. izinkathi zesomiso nezimvula:
- Ehlobo, ngenkathi eyomile enamahora amaningi emini, lesi sitshalo siphumule.
- Ngesikhathi semvula ewa ekwindla, ama-lithops akhula ngenkuthalo, aphonsa umcibisholo nge-bud, avele, enze izithelo.
- Ebusika, lapho isikhathi sasemini sifushane, kutholakala ukukhula kuqala kwesembozo ngaphansi kwesembozo samaqabunga amadala. Iyondla futhi ikhule ngokuchithwa yilezi ezisebusweni, ziyoma kancane kancane bese ziyenza ibe mncane.
- Entwasahlobo, isikhathi semvula siqala futhi, amaqabunga amadala aqhuma, aqale okusha. Nazo, zigcwele umswakama, zikhuphuke ngevolumu ziye kufana neqabunga elidala.
Ama-lithop asendaweni yabo yendabuko ancike ngobuningi bomswakama, ukushisa kanye ne-photoperiodicity, okungukuthi, ukukhanya. Lezi zinto kufanele zibhekwe lapho kukhula izitshalo endlini.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi igebe phakathi kwamaqabunga amasha ngalinye lilingana nelokuqala. Kwesinye isikhathi, esikhundleni ezimbili, amashidi amane angavela ekukhanyeni, afakwe ngababili. Kulokhu, uhlelo lwabo lwezimpande luzojwayelekile. Ngakho-ke ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ikoloni yama-lithops iyakhula. Babukeka njengezitshalo ezizimele, kepha banehlelo elijwayelekile lezimpande.
Ama-litches anakekela ekhaya
Ama-lithop afundile ukusinda lapho izitshalo ezejwayelekile zenzelwe ukufa. Zikhula kahle futhi ziyaqhakaza ekhaya ngokunakekelwa ngokucophelela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele ulandele imithetho embalwa.
Ukunisela
Enele amathisipuni angu-3-4 amanzi. Kufanele zisatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo emaphethelweni ebhodwe bese zisetshenziselwa ukuthambisa ipani. Amanzi akufanele avunyelwe ukuwa emaqabunga futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlala isikhathi eside kumasono.
Ukusuka kokunisela okukodwa kuya komunye, inhlabathi kumele yome ngokuphelele. Futhi iqiniso lokuthi lesi sitshalo sidinga umswakama, sizotshela ikhasi elincwebezelayo lamaqabunga.
Ama-lithops amaningi asaba ukugcwala. Amacembe enzelwe ukuqongelela umswakama futhi angabola uma ngokuniselwa ngokweqile. Ukusindisa izimo ezinjalo cishe akunakwenzeka.
Imbiza, inhlabathi, amanzi
Ekuthuthukisweni okugcwele kohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande, udinga ibhodwe elijulile nelibanzi, ezansi lapho kubekwa khona ungqimba lwamanzi. Ukugwema ukoma ngaphandle kwenhlabathi, amatshe amatshe noma okokuhlobisa angabekwa esitsheni. Inhlabathi iyafana ne-cacti: ukukhanya nokuphefumula.
Indawo, izibani
Njengawo wonke ama-suppulents, azithanda izindawo eziqhakazile. Akhula kahle futhi akhula kuma-sill e-windows abheke eningizimu noma empumalanga. Ukushisa kwelanga kungadala ukushisa okukhulu.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ama-lithops asendaweni eyodwa, angakwazi ukuhambisa, ukujikeleza, ngoba lokhu kungagulisa. Musa ukubekezelela okusalungiswa kanye nokushisa ngokweqile ebusika.
Umanyolo, ukucutshungulwa
Umanyolo awudingi. Kepha bakhetha ukushintshwa kwenhlabathi nokufakelwa okungenani njalo eminyakeni emi-2. Minyaka yonke, ekwindla sekwephuzile, amaqabunga kanye nenhlabathi ngaphansi kwawo kufanele kuphathwe nezinambuzane (i-Actara, Spark, njll.) Kufanele kuqashelwe. Izidakamizwa zinobuthi.
Izici Zokunakekelwa Kwesizini
| Isikhathi | Izimo | Ukunisela |
| Ihlobo | Isikhathi sokuphumula. | Kunqamuka. Uma kudingekile impela, ingaphezulu kuphela lomhlabathi elithambile. |
| Ukuwa | Isitshalo siyaphaphama. | Kudingeka kodwa kunqabile. Kuvela umcibisholo wezimbali phakathi kwamaqabunga. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali. |
| Ubusika | Ukukhula kuyehla. | Imise. Umbhangqwana omdala wamaqabunga uqala ukoma. Amazinga okushisa asekamelweni ancishiswe abe ngu + 10 ... 12 ° C. |
| Ntwasahlobo | Amaqabunga amadala ayashona bese esikhundleni sawo kubekwa amanye amasha. | Vuselela. |
Ukuzala, ukufakelwa
Ekhaya, kulula ukukhulisa ama-lithops kusuka kwimbewu. Ukuhlwanyela kubo kungcono entwasahlobo.
Isinyathelo-ngesinyathelo-somyalo wokukhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni:
- Lungisa umhlabathi. Hlanganisa i-peat, isihlabathi somfula, inhlabathi engadini, isitini esibomvu esichotshoziwe ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo, i-calcine.
- Ebhokisini lokungena elinezinhlangothi eziphansi, beka inhlabathi, ileveli, i-tamp kancane, qinisa ngayo.
- Cwilisa imbewu ngesixazululo se manganese amahora ayisithupha.
- Kuvele kwasakazwa ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi.
- Ukugcwalisa ngenhla encane yomhlabathi. Mboza ikhabethe ngengilazi noma uqinise ngefilimu yokunamathela.
- Setha ukuguquguquka kokushisa kobusuku nemini kusuka ku-+10 ° C kuya ku- +20 ° C.
- Nsuku zonke hlela umoya omncane imizuzu ethile, vula ingilazi, usule i-condensate, uncibilise inhlabathi ngebhodlela lokufafaza.
- Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-6-8, imbewu izoqhuma bese amahlumela avele.
- Qala ngokunisela kokuqapha kwangempela, yenza umoya omncane isikhathi eside, kepha ungasusi ngokuphelele indawo yokukhosela.
- Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5, lapho izitshalo zakhiwa futhi ziqiniswa, zingena ezimbizeni zezingcezu ezi-2-3. Uma ziqoqiwe, zikhula ngokwengeziwe.
Ama-lithops okufakelwa kufanele abe lapho ekhula kakhulu. Yenza lokhu ngokuqapha ukuze ungashisi indawo yokukhula futhi ungazivezi izimpande. Kungcono kumabhodwe akhanyayo ukuze uhlelo lwezimpande lungashisi ngokweqile.
Izifo kanye nezinambuzane zamacwecwe
| Lesi sifo | Izimpawu | Izinyathelo zokulungisa |
| I-Mealybug | Amacembe ambozwe nge-plaque emhlophe, kuvela amabala aphuzi. | Geza ngamanzi anensipho, phatha ngama-insecticides (Actara, Spark, njll) |
| Impande isibungu | Emaphethelweni ebhodwe ambozwe ngenhlanganisela emhlophe, izimpande zingwevu. | Ukufakelwa Izimpande zigezwa ngamanzi ashisayo, ziphathwe nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane. I-cache-pot iyathathelwa indawo. |
| Ama-aphid | Amahlamvu, isitsha simbozwe ngentambo enamathelayo enamathela, efana nesiraphu kashukela. Izinambuzane ezibonakalayo. | Sula ngesixazululo sensipho, olufafazwe nge-infusion kagwayi noma i-insecticides. |
Njengoba sesithenge kanye, akunakwenzeka ukuhlala unganaki ngalesi sitshalo esimangalisayo, sifana namatshe abandayo ngokubukeka, kepha ukugcina ucezu lwenkangala enkangala ngaphakathi. Ama-Lithops awathobeki futhi avulekele ukuhlangana nawo wonke umuntu, uphendula ngokubonga ngokunakekela futhi minyaka yonke uthokozela izimbali ezinephunga elimnandi futhi elimnandi.
