Unyaka ngamunye kuba nzima ukufezekisa ukuhlanzeka kwemvelo kokuvunwa. Ngisho noma ungasebenzisi imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali ekhiqiza izitshalo zensimu futhi ulandele imikhuba ye-agronomic yokuqala eyenziwa futhi yenziwe ngemvelo, awukwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukhukhamba noma i-parsley yakho iphephile futhi ayinayo izinto ezilimazayo.
Zitholakala ekuqothuleni amagesi, emakhemikhali omkhaya, aphefumula futhi ahlakaze emanzini, emalungiselelweni okwelapha, aphethwe ngokwemvelo emzimbeni futhi angene emhlabathini, epholisini, lapho imishini yokulima isebenza khona futhi ingena kuyo ngesikhathi sokulima.
Enye yezindlela zokuvimbela izinto eziyingozi ekungeneni izitshalo ezisenhlabathini akufanele zisebenzise inhlabathi nhlobo. Lokhu kuzosiza i-hydroponics - yesikhathi esidala futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo nendlela yesimanje neyenyukayo yokutshala izitshalo ngaphandle kwenhlabathi.
Hydroponics
I-hydroponics ikuvumela ukuba utshale izitshalo futhi ungasebenzisi umhlaba - ukudla okudingekile kuza ezitshalweni ngokuqondile esixazululweni, okubunjwa kwawo okulinganiselayo futhi okulungiselelwe ngokuqondile kulo mvuno ngokulingana okudingekayo kuwo. 
Lesi simo asikwazi ukuhlangana nokutshalwa kwendabuko emhlabathini.
Igama elithi "hydroponics" liqukethe amagama amabili esiGreki, okubangelwa esikhathini esidala: indlela yokusebenza - amanzi kanye ne-πόνος - umsebenzi owenza igama elithi "hydroponics", ngokwezwi nezwi, lokhu kuhunyushwa ngokuthi "isisombululo sokusebenza".
Uyazi? Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-hydroponics - Indlela eqhubekile egxile esikhathini esizayo, umlando wayo ubuyela emlandweni wangaphambili wezinganekwane. Kukholelwa ukuthi enye yezimangaliso eziyisikhombisa zomhlaba - izididi ezilenga ze-Semiramis, ulwazi olusifinyelele kuyo emithonjeni yemigqa futhi eyayikhona ngekhulu lesibili BC. i-er eBabiloni ngesikhathi sokubusa kwenkosi ethandekayo uNebukadinezari inkosi, yakhula ngosizo lwe-hydroponics.
Okuyinhloko yendlela
Le ndlela isekelwe ekutadisheni isidingo sesitshalo sezingxenye ezithile nokuthi indlela yezimpande ibadla ngayo. Iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-12 iye yaqhubeka ukuze ithole ulwazi lokuthi kanjani, yikuphi nokuthi yikuphi okwenziwa yizimpande ezisuka enhlabathini. 
Izilinganiso zenziwe ngokusekelwe ekutshaleni isitshalo emanzini acwecwe, lapho izakhi ezithile ezongezwayo zenziwa khona - amaminerali amaminerali.
Ngokweqile, kwatholakala ukuthi isitshalo sokuthuthukiswa okugcwele sinomuzwa wokuthi:
- i-potassium ngokukhula okugcwele;
- isulfure ne-phosphorus for protein synthesis;
- iron kanye magnesium ukuze i-chlorophyll ingakhiwe;
- i-calcium yokuthuthukiswa kwezimpande;
- i-nitrogen.
Uyazi? Champas - izivande ezithantayo zama-Aztec, ezazihlala ngaphambi kokunqotshwa kweSpain eMelika Ephakathi. Zitholakala ezigodini ezigcwele uhlaka lwe-silt echibini futhi zazingaphezu nje kokusetshenziswa komsebenzi we-hydroponics. Ukugcina ungqimba lwe-silt, owawusebenza njenge-substrate, izitshalo zingafinyelela ezimpandeni zamanzi. Le ndlela yabavumela ukuba bakhule kahle futhi bathele izithelo.
Ekuqaleni, le nqubo yayihilela ukutshala izitshalo emanzini, kodwa ukucwiliswa kuwo kwakuthinta iqiniso lokuthi i-oksijini eya ezimpandeni yayincane kakhulu, futhi lokhu kwaholela ekufeni, ngakho-ke ukufa kwesitshalo. 
Lokhu kwaholela izingqondo zesayensi ukuthuthukisa ezinye izindlela, ezinye izindlela. I-substrate iqala ukudlala - into engenayo isingeniso ngokwempilo, isetshenziswe kwisisombululo esilungiselelwe ngokuhambisana nezidingo zesitshalo.
Funda mayelana nokutshala kwe-hydroponic yemifino, utamatisi, ukhukhamba, ama-strawberries.Ikhwalithi ye-substrate yanikeza igama ngezindlela ezehlukene:
- aggregatoponica - ukusetshenziswa kwe-substrate yemvelaphi engavamile: ubumba obunwetshiwe, igravel, igravel, isihlabathi, njll;
- i-hemoponics - ukusetshenziswa kwe-moss, sawdust, peat nezinye izinto eziphilayo njenge-substrate, okwamanje, engabonakali ukubaluleka komsoco wesitshalo ngokwawo;
- Ionitoponics - ukusetshenziswa kwama-resin exchange resins - izinto ezingenayo i-granular ezingenayo i-ion umsebenzi wokushintshanisa;
- i-aerooponics - ukungabi khona kwe-substrate njengalezi, kanti izimpande zikhona ku-limbo ekamelweni elivikelwe ekukhanyeni.
Kubalulekile! Ngakho-ke, indlela ye-hydroponic iqinisekisa ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo, esingatshalwa hhayi enhlabathini, kodwa e-substrate - esikhundleni sayo, hhayi ukuhlinzeka ngesitshalo nganoma yiziphi izakhi, kodwa kuphela ukunikeza izimpande ukwesekwa okuqinile. Zonke ukudla zesitshalo zinikezwa ngesisombululo, ngenxa yokuthi indlela ye-hydroponic inegama layo.
Isitshalo, imvelo eyabelwe ukusebenza ngokungazeleleki, ukukhipha ukudla emhlabathini kanye nokugcina umncintiswano nomakhelwane bayo, ayinaso isidingo esinjalo uma ikhula nge-hydroponics. 
Ayinakho ukuswela kwezakhi, futhi ifika ezimpandeni kwifomu efinyeleleka kalula, njengokungathi umuntu uphuthele ukudla futhi unqatshelwe isidingo sokuhlafuna.
Lesi sitshalo asisona umuntu, futhi asijwayele ukukhathazeka ngobuvila. Amandla akhululiwe asebenzisa kakhulu ukulinganisa: ikhula futhi ikhula ngesivinini esheshayo.
Amanzi asetshenziselwa ukutshalwa kwe-hydroponic ayisebenzisi kangako kunokutshala okwejwayelekile; lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma izinga lokukhiqiza liyizimboni.
Ngakho-ke, indlela ye-hydroponic yenza kube lula ukulawula izimo zezitshalo - ukulawula phezu kombuso wokudla okuqinisekisa ukuthi kunesidingo samaminerali nokulandelela izinto.
Kubalulekile! I-Hydroponics ihlose ukuhlinzeka izitshalo ngezimo ezihle ngenxa yokuthi isivuno esikhulu sizotholakala esikhathini esifushane kakhulu.Futhi, indlela ibhekana ngokuphumelelayo nokulawulwa kwe-gas exchange, umswakama kanye nokushisa kwemoya, imodi yokukhanya - izici eziyinhloko empumelelweni yokuvuna okuhle.
Umlando omncane
Indlela yesayense yokuchazwa kwesimiso sokudla kwezitshalo ezakhiwa kuqala isetshenziswa ngu-Aristotle, nguye ophetha ngokuthi umkhiqizo wokugcina ofika ezimpandeni njengokudla unomhlobo ophilayo.
Ngemuva kwemisebenzi ka-Aristotle, le mpikiswano yabuyiselwa kuphela ngekhulu le-17, lapho ososayensi baseDashiya uJohn Van Helmont baqala ukuhlola, ngenhloso yokuthola ukuthi izitshalo kanye nesimo salokudla kwakuthola kanjani ukudla.
Emakhulwini eminyaka amabili alandelayo, ososayensi baye basungula ukuthi amangqamuzana esitshalo akhiwa ngezinto eziguquguqukayo, futhi le nqubo ayinakwenzeka ngaphandle kwe-oxygen.
Lezi zitholakale zithokozile ngenxa ka-Edma Mariotte, uMarcello Malpighi, uStefan Heles, uJohn Woodward, owayesondelene kakhulu nezincazelo zakhe zokutshala izitshalo eduze ne-hydroponics, manje. 
Sibonga isazi sezinhlanzi esingumJalimane u-Justus von Liebig, owekhulu le-19 oye wafunda izimiso zokudla okunomsoco wezinto eziphilayo, kwaziwa ukuthi zondla izinto ezingezona ezejwayelekile.
Imisebenzi yakhe isibe usizo olubonakalayo esizukulwaneni esilandelayo sesosayensi.
Amaprofesa aseJalimane we-Botany uJulius Zachs (University of Bonn) noWilhelm Knop (i-Leipzig-Mekkern Test Station) aphethwe ngo-1856 ukuze akhule izitshalo ezivela imbewu kuphela kwisisombululo somsoco.
Ngenxa yalokhu, kwaziwa ukuthi yiziphi izakhi ezazidinga "ukudla" okugcwele kwezitshalo.
Uyazi? Emkhiqizweni wezitshalo ezingenasisekelo, isisombululo se-Knopp se-hydroponic system, esakhiwe phakathi nekhulu le-19, sisasetshenziswa namuhla.
Ngo-1860, ukwakhiwa kwesixazululo kwafezwa. Kukholelwa ukuthi kulo nyaka wabeka isisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo zanamuhla ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwenhlabathi. 
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokufanayo no Knop noZaks, izingqondo ezifuywayo zasekhaya ezifana noKliment Arkadyevich Timiryazev noDmitry Nikolaevich Pryanishnikov, owahola uMnyango wezokuFundela we-Fertilizer ngemuva kokufa kwakhe, wasebenza ngalolu daba.
Kwakukhona kulesi sikhungo ukuthi kwakukhona ukufakwa okukhulu - imishini ye-hydroponic ukulima.
Uyazi? Ngenxa yokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene nokucwaninga kwesayensi eSoviet Union, ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu nesishiyagalolunye ekhulwini lokugcina, kwaba khona ukukhula imifino yokuqala ngaphandle kokusebenzisa inhlabathi. Imiphumela ngokushesha yanquma ukuhlola ngokusebenza, ukuhlinzeka imifino emisha enye yezinyawo ezihamba phambili.
Indlela yokukhethwa ngenxa yemizamo ephikisayo yezizukulwane eziningana zesayensi iye yaba izinto ezaziwayo ezidingekayo ukuba zibe khona esixazululweni ukuze izitshalo zikhule ngokugcwele futhi zikhule, kanye nesilinganiso sabo. 
Le ndlela yabizwa ngokuthi "i-hydroponics" kusukela ekukhanyeni kwe-American phytophysiologist, uprofesa eYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, uWilliam Gerickke.
Washicilela imiphumela yocwaningo lwakhe ngo-1929, futhi baphumelela kangangokuthi bathola ukusebenza kwabo ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Amasosha aseMelika ayedla imifino ekhulile emachibini e-hydroponic adalwa ukuqhuma edwaleni eliyidwala.
Kubalulekile! Igama elihlongozwa nguGerikke laphumelela kakhulu kangangokuthi laqala izimpande kwisayensi futhi lisasetshenziswa nanamuhla.
Iminyaka yama-1930 yabonakaliswa ngempumelelo yesayensi, kuhlanganise nokuphilayo.
Ngakho-ke, isiPolish (ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kukaProfesa V.Piotrovsky) nesiHungary (ngaphansi koqondiswa nguProfesa P. Rechler) ngaleso sikhathi, izinhlelo ze-hydroponic zafakwa ezintabeni zaseCarpathian, lapho izitshalo zokuqala zemifino nezitshalo zokuhlobisa zazikhulile ngempumelelo. 
Isistimu ye-hydroponic eyasungulwa nguprofesa waseJalimane uHering, owasungulwa ngo-1938 eN Westphalia, indawo kaSteinheim, isebenza ngempumelelo manje.
Njengamanje, izindlela ze-hydroponic zisetshenziswa kuwo wonke amazwekazi ekutshaleni imifino, amakhambi, izitshalo zokuhlobisa.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokutshala imifino enjengamatamatisi, ukhukhamba, izaqathe, amazambane, i-beet, i-pepper, i-zucchini, iklabishi, i-broccoli, ubhontshisi, i-lagenaria, i-turnips, isithombo, u-anyanisi, isitshalo seqanda, ubhontshisi, i-okra, i-patisson, i-parsnip.I-Hydroponics isanda kakhulu kangangokuba le ndlela ingasetshenziswa ekhaya.
Izinhlelo eziyisisekelo ze-hydroponic
Ngokutshalwa kwemvelo, ukudla okunomsoco kuya ezimpandeni kukhishwa emhlabathini, ngokungafani nendlela ye-hydroponic, lapho izakhi zinikezwa ohlelweni lwempande ngesisombululo lapho zichithwa khona.
Amanye amasistimu e-hydroponic anikezela njenge-substrate ukuba khona kwemishini engathathi hlangothi, ekhonza njengenkxaso yesistimu yezimpande, abanye banganaki izigaba eziphakathi, ukumisa izimpande emoyeni ngaphakathi kokufakwa okukhethekile. 
Ngokusho indlela yokunisela, izinhlelo ze-hydroponic zihlukaniswe ngokuthi:
- okungahambi kahle, lapho isisombululo sinikezwa khona ngamandla we-capillary;
- esebenzayo, lapho amaphampu asetshenziselwa ukukhipha isisombululo sokusebenza;
- kuhlangene, lapho kuzohlanganiswa khona izimiso zombili, futhi okubhekwa njengendlela efanele yokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo ze-hydroponic.
Wick
Uhlelo lwe-wick yilona uhlobo oludala kakhulu lwe-hydroponics. Kuyinto engavamile futhi ayiqukethe izingxenye ezihambayo. Isixazululo sokusebenza sesitshalo sitholakala ngokusebenzisa amabutho e-capillary ngokusebenzisa ama-wicks. Ifakwa kancane kancane ibe yi-substrate.
Izinhlobo eziningi zokugcwalisa ziyatholakala lapha, ezithandwa kakhulu yizo:
- i-perlite;
- i-vermiculite;
- ukhukhunathi fiber nezinye.
I-bandwidth ye-wick isincane kakhulu, futhi ikwazi ukunikeza isisombululo esanele sokwanela kwezitshalo ezikhula kancane ezingadingi ubuningi bomswakama kanye nokudla okunempilo, njengezimbali zasekhaya ezihlobisa.Yesikhulumi esivuthayo
Uhlelo olulula kakhulu lwe-hydroponic - ipulatifomu ehambayo. Kuyinto eyisisekelo se-foam nezimbobo lapho izitshalo zihleli khona. Le raft foam isondela echibini ikhambi izakhi, kuyilapho umoya uphefumle nge oksijini okudingekayo izimpande.
Uhlelo lufanelekile ngokutshala izitshalo ezikhula ngokushesha futhi njengamanzi amaningi. Kunconywa abaqalayo abadingekile kuphela ukuthola amakhono athile ekukhiqizeni izitshalo ezingenasisekelo. 
Izikhukhula ngezikhathi ezithile
Elinye igama lenqubo yezikhukhula ngezikhathi ezithile yindlela yokuphuma nokuphuma. Uhlelo lusekelwe ekungeneni kwesikhashana kwesisombululo sezakhi emathini lapho izitshalo zitholakala khona kanye nokuphuma ku-tank lapho kugcinwa khona. Lesi simiso sibhekene nezinhlelo eziningi ze-hydroponic ezitholakalayo.
Umjovo wesixazululo unikezwa ipompo elifakwe kulo, elilawulwa yisenjini yesikhathi. Ixhaswe yi-timer, iphompo iphonsa isixazululo emkhunjini lapho izitshalo zihlala khona.
Uzobe nesithakazelo sokufunda ngokutshala okuhlangene kwemifino, ngokutshala imifino ngaphambi kwebusika.Uma ivuleka, uketshezi luketshelwa emathini ngamandla adonsela phansi. Lokhu kwenzeka izikhathi eziningana ngosuku.
Izilungiselelo ze-timer zibekwe ngokuvumelana nhlobo luni lwesitshalo, yikuphi lokushisa nomoya wokufudumala, yiyiphi i-substrate esetshenziswayo. 
Isendlalelo sokudla
I-Technique yesendlalelo sezakhi - ejwayelekile kunazo zonke izinhlelo ze-hydroponic. Itholakala ukuthi isixazululo sithatha phansi kwe-tank, sihlala lapho ungqimba olujulile. Ihlale ijikeleza ohlelweni oluvaliwe, ngakho-ke akudingeki ukuba unikeze ipom nge-timer.
Akuzona zonke izimpande ezifakwe esixazululweni, kodwa kuphela amathiphu ayo, futhi isitshalo sigxile embizeni ngezindawo zokuphuma ngaphandle kwezimpande. Le ndlela ayidingi ama-substrates. Ngaphezulu kwesisombululo, umoya unomswakama, futhi unikeza oksijini ngokwanele ezimpandeni.
Kubalulekile! Ukuxhumana okubuthakathaka kule ndlela kuxhomeke ku-ugesi: ngokushesha lapho ukusakazwa kweka, njengoba izimpande ziqala ukoma, lesi sitshalo sifa ngokushesha.Ukusetshenziswa kwalolu buchwepheshe, olungasebenzisi ama-substrates, kuletha imali enkulu.
Ukunisela ukuchelela
Uhlelo lokunisela lokunisela lusebenzisa ama-fillers ahlukahlukene:
- amatshe;
- umugqa;
- i-basalt granules;
- uboya obunamaminerali;
- ama-chips amakhukhunathi;
- i-perlite;
- ubumba obwandisiwe;
- i-vermiculite, njll.
Kubalulekile! Nokho, njengokwedlule, uhlelo luxhomeke kugesi, futhi isixazululo kufanele siphume njalo. Uma inqubo iphazanyiswa, izitshalo zizosongelwa ngokumiswa okusheshayo, okungakhathaliseki ukuthi, kungagwenywa ngokusebenzisa i-substrate ebamba amanzi.Izimila zihlala esitsheni esivamile noma ezimbizeni ezihlukene, okwenza kube lula uma udinga ukuhlela kabusha izitshalo, wengeze ohlelweni, noma ususe lapho. Isixazululo sokusebenza esitokisini ngokusebenzisa ipompu sondliwa esitshalweni ngasinye ngokusebenzisa amashubhu.
Aeroponica
Indlela yesimanje kanye nezobuchwepheshe kakhulu yi-aeroponics. Kuhilela ukuchelela okunomphela kwesimiso, ngenkathi sonke isikhala sithatha umoya ogcwele amanzi, sondla isitshalo ngamaminerali kanye ne-oxygen.
Izimpande ezisuka emoyeni akufanele zime.
Inqubo ilawulwa yi-timer ebekwe kumaminithi amabili. Le ndlela isebenza ngisho nasezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa kwesisombululo, okwenza kube yamukelekile ngisho nakwezinye izindawo lapho isimo sezulu sesishisa khona.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko nokungalungile
Noma yibuphi ubuchwepheshe obungenasisekelo, okuqinisekisa ukuthi kusetshenziselwa ukusabalalisa, nokunye ukuphazamiseka, futhi lesi simo sisebenza ngokuphelele kuma-hydroponics. 
Izinzuzo
I-Hydroponics yenza ukunciphisa inqubo ekhulayo, futhi lokhu kungenxa yezici eziningana ezenza kube lula ukusebenzisa kabanzi ubuchwepheshe futhi zifake ngokusemthethweni ekuphileni.
- Izitshalo kanye nezindleko zokukhula zikhuphuka kakhulu ngenxa yokonga amandla esitshalo ekukhipha izakhi ezisemhlabathini. Ikhula kahle futhi ibukeka kahle, ibonisa izintambo eziqhubekayo ezinhle ngenxa yezimo ezizinzile.
- Ezitshalweni azikho izakhi eziyingozi ezingase zithole emhlabathini uma kwenzeka ukulima kwendabuko. Iqukethe kuphela lezo zinto ezanikezwa yona ekubunjweni kwesisombululo sezakhi - hhayi, hhayi ngaphansi.
- Ukunciphisa inhlabathi yansuku zonke akudingekile, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulawula inani lomkhuhlane kwenziwa lula: isitshalo ngasinye siyayithola njengoba sidinga.
- Ukumisa nokusikwa kwamanzi akukhipha, okungenakwenzeka ukuhlinzeka kwezolimo zendabuko.
- Izikhathi ezingapheli zilula kakhulu ukutshala: kulula ukugwema ukulimala ohlelweni lwempande, okungenakugwema uma kutshalwa emhlabathini.
- Ama-pesticide awasetshenziselwa i-hydroponics, ngoba azikho izinambuzane, isikhunta nezifo ezihlala enhlabathini futhi ziyakhangwa izitshalo eziseduze. Imbewu enokhula, okuyinto ngokukhula kwayo okusheshayo ingayilalisa isitshalo esitshalwe, ayikho nasesixazululweni, ngokungafani nenhlabathi.
- Inkinga yokushintsha inhlabathi iyanyamalala, futhi iyanciphisa izindleko zomsebenzi onjengoba izitshalo zangaphakathi zokuhlobisa izimbali.
- Ukunakekelwa okulula kwezitshalo uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abakhula emhlabathini: azikho nobunuka obungaphandle, ukungcola, izinambuzane njalonjalo.
- Izindlela zokucubungula zendabuko ezifana nokukhulula nokusilalisa akudingeki; esikhundleni salokho, ungakwazi ukuzenzekela ngokugcwele inqubo yokukhula futhi uthathe cishe awukho ingxenye kuyo.
Kubalulekile! Ngokufanelekile kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izithombo zisakhula ngokusebenzisa indlela yendabuko, bese zifakwa endaweni esetshenziswe ngendlela ethile, futhi zihlonywe ngokuhambisana nobuchwepheshe.
I-Cons
Kukhona ezinye izinkinga ezingakwazi ukubizwa kanjalo. Kunalokho, lezi yizici zendlela engafanele wonke umuntu.
- Izindleko eziphakeme ezihlobene nenqubo. Kuyadingeka ukuba utshale ngokushesha imishini ethile imali ukuze ulungise inqubo. Leli nani liphakeme kakhulu kunezindleko zesikhathi esisodwa okudingekayo ekuthengeni inhlabathi.
- Ukuqoqwa okuzimele kwesistimu ngaphezu kokutshalwa kwezimali kwezimali kudinga ukutshala izimali zabasebenzi kanye nesikhathi esiteji sokuqala, okungakhathaliseki ukuthi, singakwazi ukukhokha masinyane ngenqubo ehlelekile, ngoba ukukhula okusheshayo kwezitshalo nokukhululeka kokubanakekela ngokushesha kuzozikhokhela.
- Indlela yokungazi ihlukana nendlela yabantu abantu abahlala kuyo i-hydroponics ehlotshaniswa nento ethile, engekho engokoqobo, ngakho-ke ayinempilo, cishe inobuthi.
- I-Hydroponics ayizange ifunde ukukhula izimpande. Izilimo eziyizigaxa, ezitshala izimpande, ungabeki ukubekezelela umswakama obuningi futhi "ukubuyisela" ukubola.
Imithetho eyisisekelo yokutshala izitshalo
Ukuma kwezimpande kuxhomeke kakhulu kwimvelo abahlala kuyo. Uma bekhulile emanzini besebenzisa indlela ye-hydroponics, bayoba nokukhanya, ama-juicy, anikezwa nge-villi eminingi.
Uma ukufakelwa isitshalo esasakhula emhlabathini, kungena emzimbeni we-hydro-culture, kubalulekile ukugcina izimo ezithile ezizoqinisekisa ukukhula okuphumelelayo nokuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo.
Kubalulekile! Izitshalo zichitheka kuye kuphela emva kokuba isitshalo seshintshele izimo ezintsha.
Indlela yokutshala
- Lesi sitshalo sisuswa ku-tank, lapho sakhula, futhi sabekwa ebhaketheni lamanzi. Kufanele kube sezingeni lokushisa lokushisa.
- Ukuphuza izimpande ngamanzi avela kumuggi noma ukuchelela kungaba (ukusakaza kufanele kube ukukhanya, hhayi ngaphansi kwengcindezi), ugeze ngobumnene.
- Ngemva kokuhlanzwa, izimpande ziqondisa futhi zilale phansi. Lesi sitshalo akudingeki sithinte izimpande zendlala yamanzi, isixazululo sizothola kubo, sihamba ngezinyawo ze-substrate. Futhi emva kwesikhathi esithile bazokhula njengoba kunesidingo.
- I-substrate ithululelwa phezulu kwamanzi, ithululelwe esiqukathini nge-substrate ezingeni elifunayo bese imnika cishe isonto ukuzovumelanisa.
Indlela yokunakekela
Izidingo zezitshalo zifanayo, ngaphansi kweziphi izimo ezingeke zikhule, kodwa izici zokunakekelwa zihlukile.
- Ukuze ugweme ukukhululeka kwamaminerali ezitshalweni, isisombululo sinconywa ukuba sishintshwe njalo eminyakeni emibili kuya kweyithathu, ukugeza ngamanzi ahlanzekile zonke izinto ezihlangene nazo.
Kubalulekile! Uma usebenzisa umquba wokushintshanisa ion ionon-exchange, izinto ezingaphezu kwamaminerali azikhishiwe, isisombululo sishintshwa kuphela uma kunesidingo, isibonelo, ukungcola.
- Kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho yokuhlanzeka: ukususa isitshalo sezingxenye ezifile futhi uzivimbele ukungena esixazululweni.
- Ukushisa kwesisombululo sokusebenza akufanele kube phansi kakhulu noma kuphakeme, kulungile uma kugcina inani le-+20 ° C. Lokhu kufanele kuhlolwe ngokucophelela, ikakhulukazi ebusika, lapho isitshalo se-potted singakwazi ukuncibilika phezu kwe-windows sill esibandayo kakhulu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kufanele usebenzise izinto zokushisa ezishisayo, njengezinkuni noma i-foam, ukubeka ngaphansi kwembiza.
- Kulezi zinambuzane ungaqala isicabucabu noma ama-thrips. Ukuhleleka kwezimbali zesisombululo akukhiphi ngaphandle uma isitsha sangaphandle senziwe ngezinto ezibonakalayo.
Hydroponics and Agronomy
Ezweni lanamuhla, isiko le-hydroponic likhula ngokukhipha imifino nemingcele, besebenzisa ngokubaluleka ukuthuthukiswa kwesosayensi abaningi abaye basebenza kule nkinga.
Isimo namhlanje
Izinhlelo zanamuhla zakhiwa zisebenzisa amaplastiki kuphela, kufaka phakathi amaphampu ahlanganiswe ne-epoxy. Lezi zinto zingenabungozi futhi zihlala ziqinile, futhi zihlangene nezendlalelo ezingathathi hlangothi ze-substrates zikhonza ngokwethembeka isikhathi eside.
Ngenxa yamapulangwe epulasitiki, kwenzeka ukuba athumele ezakhiweni zensimbi zokuthula ezifanelekayo, eziyingozi futhi ezingabizi.
Izentuthuko zanamuhla, eziye zathola uhlelo lokusebenza kuma hydroponics, zithuthukisa ukuba zigcwalise futhi zenzeke ngokuzenzakalela futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukunciphisa izindleko. 
Ngokwehlukana, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuqhubeka kocwaningo kanye nokusetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa kwemiphumela esivele itholakale yokuthuthukisa isisombululo esinomsoco wezitshalo.
Kakade, ubuchwepheshe buyintandokazi kuwo wonke amazwekazi emhlabeni. Emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, asevele ashintshela i-hydroponics, ekhulayo izitshalo ezithile, ezifana nezitshalo ze-strawberries, ezikhula njengemvubelo, kanti isivuno kulula ukuvuna.
Ukwakhiwa kwezixazululo ezakhiwe kuvumela ukwandisa isivuno sezitshalo eziningi, kanti kunciphisa indawo eyabelwe ukuhlwanyela.
Namuhla izinhlelo ze-hydroponic zithola ukuthandwa: kukhona ukwanda kwesidingo semishini ye-hydroponic ekukhuleni kanye nezisombululo, okunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza okubizayo nokunciphisa izindleko zendlela enjalo engavamile njengama-hydroponics. 
Ngenkathi kudala izinhlelo, abathuthukisi basebenza ukwenza kube lula ukugcwalisa ngokugcwele ivolumu yamagumbi abelwe izitshalo ezikhulayo ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-hydroponics.
Ngenxa yalokhu, kukhona imali enkulu esesikhala, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukwandisa isivuno, ngakho-ke imali engenayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umsebenzi uqhubeka ukunciphisa izindleko zomsebenzi.
Ingabe ikusasa?
Njengamanje, kunenqubo yomhlaba wonke yokunciphisa inani labantu basezindaweni zasemaphandleni nokwandisa idolobha, elingeke lihlanganyele ekutshalweni kwemikhiqizo yezolimo, kodwa lizohlala lingumthengi walo.
I-Hydroponics ivumela ukuthi sihlinzeke ngemiphakathi yemikhiqizo enomkhiqizo okhulile okhiqizwa khona lapho, okusho ukuthi izindleko zokuthutha ngeke zifakwe entengo yayo, futhi izinga lokuhamba ngeke liphazamiseke noma. 
Olunye uhlangothi lwenkinga yingozi yokungcola kwenhlabathi ngezinto ezinobungozi ezihlukahlukene nokunciphisa ngenxa yokulima nokungafundi, ukuhlukunyezwa kwamakhemikhali, njll.
Emhlabathini we-hydroponic akudingeki nhlobo, futhi uma ungagcini lesi simo, imvelo ingawubuyisela emva kwesikhathi esithile.
Ukuze zizinakekele ngokwabo, inzalo yabo kanye nesiphetho sesintu, ukukhonjwa, noma okuncane, izinyathelo kufanele zithathwe, enye yazo, kanye nokuseshwa kwemithombo yamandla eminye, izidakamizwa ze-AIDS nomdlavuza, izixazululo zokungcola, nezinye eziningi, ukuguqulwa kwe-hydroponics. .
Inhloso ye-hydroponics ukuqoqa ukuvuna okungenzeka kunakho konke futhi okunemvelo kusuka endaweni encane kunazo zonke, kanti ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlela kwenziwa ukunciphisa izindleko. 
Abadwebi bezakhiwo nabadwebi, abaphefumulelwe yilo mbono, kanye nezitidi ze-Semiramis, bathuthukisa amaphrojekthi emasimini asezindaweni zasemadolobheni futhi bakhiqize nezinye imibono ezithakazelisayo ezingenakho umusa nokusebenza.
