Ukudla kwezimboni zezinyoni ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene akuhlinzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukukhiqiza okuphezulu. Ngakho-ke, abalimi balwela ukuthuthukisa ukudla ngokufaka izithasiselo ezahlukene zokudla. Imvubelo yesondlo isetshenziselwa ekwakhiweni kokudla kwesilwane, kanye nesithasiselo sokudla esimweni esiyinhloko sezinkukhu. Sizokhuluma ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwemvubelo kuphumelela nokuthi ungabanika kanjani izendlela ngokufanele.
Iyiphi imvubelo
Imvubelo iyi-fungus ene-celled eyodwa esetshenziselwa ukuvuthisa ubuningi be-liquid yomkhiqizo. Imvubelo yemifino iyinhlayiya eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, esetshenziselwa ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezinyoni. Imvubelo yindlela yokuvutshelwa kokudla okusanhlamvu komhlaba kanye nesinkwa se-leaven. Ngesikhathi sokucubungula, le nhlanganisela isetshenziselwa ngaphezu kwamavithamini nemifino ye-insulin. Inani lemvelo lomkhiqizo landa, kanye nokugaya izakhi. 
Umgomo wemvubelo ukuthuthukisa ukondla kwezinkukhu, ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kweqanda, ukusheshisa inzuzo yesisindo ngokudla inyama. Ukudla okubaluleke ngokukhethekile nokusetshenziswa kokudla okunothile ngesikhathi sebusika, ngoba kuthuthukisa ukudla kwezinkukhu ezinamavithamini alahlekile kanye nezakhi zokulandelela. Imvubelo ingaba okusanhlamvu, okusanhlamvu, izingxenye zezitshalo ezivela emthini. Uma ucebile ekudleni, ungangeza inyama nenyama yethambo ukuze ukwandise umsoco.
Uyazi?Imvubelo - i-microorganism yasendulo kakhulu esetshenziswa ngumuntu. Umsebenzi walezi fungus ezizuzisayo wasetshenziswa iminyaka engu-6000 BC. eGibhithe lasendulo ekukhiqizeni ubhiya.
Izinhlobo
Isenzo semvubelo fungi sisetshenziselwe ukukhiqizwa kokudla iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa. Uqobo izifungi namuhla zikhona izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-1 500. Ungawathola cishe cishe noma yikuphi okusetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo, kanye nobisi. Ezinye zazo kuphela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yokudla. Igama lomvubelo ubonisa injongo esemqoka yokusebenzisa kwabo.
- ibhakede - esetshenziselwa ukubhaka. Zikhulile emvelweni ezakhiwe nge-oxygen, ushukela nama-nitrogenous compounds. Itholakala kufomu elomile nelomanzi.
- wineries - ingabonwa ngendlela yokubeka amajikijolo amagilebhisi. Zibangela ekuthuthukiseni ukunambitheka kwemikhiqizo yewayini.
- ubisi - eyakhiwe ngo-sourdough. Isetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwemikhiqizo ye-lactic acid.
- izindlu zobhiya - elungiselelwe ukuvuthisa i-wort, etholakala ezikhungweni eziphezulu.
- utshwala - Lezi yizinkinga ezidalwe ngqo embonini yotshwala. Umsebenti wabo ukuvuna ngokushesha umkhiqizo.
Ukudla imvubelo kungaba:
- ukwakhiwa kwamanzi-hydrolysis okuvela emathunjini kanye nemfucuza yezolimo eyomile
- eziyingqayizivele - ezitholakala ekuchitheni ukukhiqizwa kotshwala;
- amaprotheni-amavithamini asetshenziswe ezintweni eziluhlaza ezingekho zemifino.
Uyazi?Imvubelo yeBrewer yaqala ukukhiqiza futhi isebenzise ekukhiqizeni inkampani yobhiya "Amalebhu amhlophe" kusukela ngo-1995. Futhi okokuqala bawuthola imvubelo yesendle ekwakheni isitshalo se-danish sase-Denmark esibizwa ngokuthi u-Emil Hanson ngekhulu le-XIX.
Kufanele nginike
Imvubelo iphezulu amaprotheni. Esikhathini sokuphila kwabo, i-oxidize i-glucose nekhabhoni, ibenza ibe amandla. Ukuba khona kwabo ekudleni kwandisa inani lamandla okudla, liyithuthukise ngama-protein namavithamini. Uhlaka luse-40% wamandla atholakele ekudleni ekukhiqizeni amaqanda. 
Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda ebusika ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamandla, okungena emzimbeni omncane, imvubelo inesifiso esihle kakhulu ekudleni kwama-hens. Babuye bathuthukise ukufaniswa kokudla komzimba futhi bafake isandla ekwakheni okukhulu kwezicubu zamascle ngama-broilers. Bakhulisa isisindo samaqanda kanye nezakhiwo zabo zokufakelwa, kanye nokwandisa ukuzala ngo-15%.
Yenza ukondla inkukhu ekhaya, futhi wenze ukudla okulungile.
Inani lomsoco
Imvubelo yesondlo ingaqukatha amaprotheni angu-40 kuya kwangu-60%. Amavithamini nama-trace elements aqukethe i-choline, i-thiamine, i-biotin, i-nicotinic acid, i-riboflavin, i-folic acid. Ziyi-concentrous yemvelo yamavithamini e-B. I-riboflavin ithonya ukuphefumula kwezicubu kanye nesimiso somzimba jikelele, kanye nokwahlukana kwamaqanda. I-Lecithin, okuyingxenye, ithinta isisombululo se-cell. Ngomthamo we-lecithin, imvubelo yesibhakabhaka iyesibili kuphela kwesikhupha samaqanda. 
Ukwakheka okwenziwe amavithamini kanye nama-microelements emvubelo kungashintsha ngenxa yohlobo lwefungi, izimo zabo zokulima kanye nezinye izici. Ucwaningo oluthile mayelana nezinguquko ezithinta inani lokudla okunomsoco ngemva kokuyisilonda akuzange kwenziwe. Sifunde izinkomba eziningana zokukhiqiza kwezinyoni ezondla ukudla - ezicebile futhi ezivamile.
Izinzuzo
Izinzuzo zesicelo:
Amaqanda:
- ukukhula kwanda;
- usayizi wokwanda;
- Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda ezinkukhu ngesikhathi sebusika kwanda ngo-23.4%;
Funda futhi mayelana nokunikeza izinkukhu bran, inyama kanye nethambo lesinkwa nesinkwa.
Ngenyama:
- ishesha ukukhula kwemisipha (izinkukhu, lesi sibalo singama-15.6%);
Izinyoni:
- kuthuthukisa ukudla;
- kuvimbela ukutholakala kwamavithamini;
- kwandisa ukugaya kokudla;
- kushukumisa ukukhiqizwa kwamasosha omzimba;
- ilawula amaprotheni imetabolism;
- kwandisa amaprotheni okugaya;
- Ukunikezwa kwamavithamini anenzuzo nezakhi zokulandelela kwanda.
Kubalulekile!Inqubo yokuvutshelwa inqanyuliwe uma uketshezi lweshukela emthonjeni obuthakathaka ukhathele. Ngakho-ke, uma imvubelo ingenzeki noma ihamba kancane. - faka nje amapuni wezipuni ushukela ophakelayo.
Ukungalungi
Ukudla okunothile kunikezwa izinyoni kuphela kusukela ku-November kuya ku-Ephreli. ngesikhathi kungekho imifino ekudleni. Ukuba khona kotshani nelanga ehlobo kunelungelo lokugcina zonke izinqubo emzimbeni wezinkukhu. I-fungi ekudleni kwasehlobo iholela ekudleni okuningi kwamaprotheni kanye ne-nitrogen. Lezi zifo ezilandelayo zivela ngokudlula kwamaprotheni:
- isifo sohudo ezinkukhu;
- ukuvuvukala kwe-cloaca ngenxa yokukhathazeka komzimba;
- ukuvuvukala kwamalunga;
- ukubulawa komuntu emphakathini.
Ukuze ugweme izimo ezibuhlungu, ukudla okunomvubelo kuqaliswa ezinkampanini eziningana, ngokuqala ngemithi encane - 5-7 g inkukhu ngayinye. Uma lesi sifo sibonakala ngokuzumayo, kubalulekile ukunciphisa inani lokudla okucebile ngo-50-70%.Izindlela zesisindo
Ubuningi bokuqala okusanhlamvu buchotshoziwe. Ukuze kube nenqubo efanele, kubalulekile ukuthi izingxenyana zibe ezincane ngangokunokwenzeka.
Izindlela zesisindo kukhona:
- i-spherical;
- bestopny;
- iqalisa.
Thola ukuthi yiziphi amavithamini ukudingwa kwe-hens.
Izici:
- Ukushisa kwamanzi akufanele kudlule ukushisa komzimba i. 36-38 ° C. Emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, i-fungi ifa.
- Umthamo lapho isisindo sikhukhumele khona kufanele kube ngu-2/3 ngaphezu komthamo wesondlo ohlanjululwe, kusukela ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa ivolumu iyakhula.
- Imvubelo kufanele ichithe ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kokwakhiwa kwezibani. Ukusheshisa inqubo, ungafaka 1-2 wezipuni ushukela.
Indlela yesiponji
Indlela yokulungiselela i-sponge iqukethe izigaba ezimbili:
- ukuxolela inhlama;
- imvubelo yokudla.
I-brew ilungiswa kusuka ku-200 g okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu futhi 10 g yemvubelo ihlanjululwe ngo-0.5 l wamanzi afudumele. I-opara efanelekayo kungakapheli amahora angu-4-5. Khona-ke ixubaniswe nakho konke okusanhlamvu - 800 g kanye nelitha lamanzi afudumele. Ukuphikelela amahora angu-4.
Kubalulekile!Ezinye izinhlobo zemvubelo zinama-pathogens anemibandela ukuthi, lapho uxhumana nomzimba, kubangela izinqubo zokuvuvukala. Ngakho-ke, sebenzisa imvubelo kuphela etholakala emthonjeni oqinisekisiwe ekuphekeni kokubeka ama-hens.
Indlela ngaphandle kwesiponji
Iresiphi: 1.5 l amanzi afudumele kanye no-0.2 g wemvubelo kuthathwa ngo-1 kg wezinhlamvu zokusanhlamvu. Hlanganisa isisindo semvubelo nokusanhlamvu, hlanganisa bese ushiya ukuvotela amahora angu-6-7. Ngenqubo yokuvutshelwa, ubukhulu kumele buxutshwe ngezikhathi ezithile, kusukela Ukufinyelela emoyeni kubalulekile emsebenzini. Uma ngesikhathi senqubo yokuvuthwa, uketshezi lwamafutha lugcwele ingxube, udinga ukwengeza izibuko ezimbili zamanzi afudumele. Ubuningi bunganikwa izinkukhu emva kwamahora angu-8, ngesilinganiso se-20 g ngayinye yenkukhu eyodwa. Imvubelo inganikezwa nsuku zonke noma zonke izinsuku. Ungagcina ukondla okulungisiwe okulungisiwe okungaphezu kosuku olungu-1. Kuvunyelwe ukukhipha ingxenye yokudla kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, kodwa inzuzo yokuyisebenzisa iyanciphisa kakhulu. 
Indlela ye-Sourdough
10 g yemvubelo ichitheka ngo-0.5 l wamanzi afudumele. Engeza u-0.5 kg wezinhlamvu okusanhlamvu. Gcizelela amahora angu-6 bese ufaka okusanhlamvu okusele - 0.5 kg no-0.750 amalitha amanzi, ugxume bese ushiya usuku. Isondlo sinikezwa izinyoni ngesilinganiso esingu-20 g ngayinye yenkukhu eyodwa.
Imvubelo ephumelela kakhulu
Ukuze wenze indlela ngayinye yemvubelo esebenzayo nekhwalithi, ungathuthukisa ukubunjwa kwesisindo sokondla ngokucebisa:
- Amanzi afudumele angashintshwa ngesondo elishisayo. I-Whey izokwengeza ubukhulu nobisi ushukela, i-whey amaprotheni, i-casein, kanye nezakhi zokulandelela - i-potassium, i-magnesium, i-phosphorus, insimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-serum iqukethe amavithamini weqembu B, i-ascorbic acid, i-tocopherol, i-choline nabanye.
- Ukwengeza ushukela kwandisa inani lokudla lokuthuthukiswa kwemvubelo futhi kwandise inani lokudla okunomsoco nge-15-20%.
- Ukwengeza ubuningi bemifino - beet abilisiwe, amazambane, amathanga akhulisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kanye nobuningi be-vitamin complex.
- Ukwengeza okusanhlamvu okuhluma nakho kuthuthukisa ukwakheka kokudla. Izinhlamvu ezihlwanyelwe ziyi-biostimulants. Banamakhemikhali e-antioxidant, ajwayelekile ukwenza imetabolism, athathe inzuzo ekusebenzeni kwenqubo yokugaya ukudla futhi abambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwe-microflora emathunjini enenzuzo.
Kuyothakazelisa ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zokudla kwezinkukhu ezikhona.
Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa imvubelo. Ukudla kwesinkwa kukwandisa inani lokudla okunomsoco, kunciphise izindleko zokudla, kuthuthukise ukukhiqizwa kwemfuyo, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise inzuzo yepulazi.
