Uma usufuna izinhlobo eziphakathi kwezinto eziphakathi kwezinto ezingafani kuphela nokulondoloza ikhwalithi yezithelo zawo, kodwa ngisho nesikhathi sikwazi ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zabo ze-organoleptic - lesi sihloko, ngaphandle kokungabaza, senzelwe wena. Kuzogxila kulowo obuka phambili waseBelarusian, incazelo yalezi ezihlukahlukene, izinselele zokutshala nokuzinakekela.
Umlando wokuzala
Lolu hlobo lomuthi lwatholwa ngokuhlwanyela imbewu yempova yamahhala ezinhlobonhlobo zepeyari eFrance "Good Louise". Ngokokuqala ngqa, le ndlela yanconywa ososayensi be-Belarusian Research Institute of Horticulture, manje ebizwa ngokuthi i-Institute of Horticulture, iNational Academy of Sciences yaseBelarus.
Uyazi? Ngesikhathi saseGrisi lasendulo, isithelo sepeyari sisetshenziswa njengendlela yokugula ukuhamba. Izilwane zasolwandle zaseGrisi zithatha izingcezu ezincane zalezi zithelo kuze kube yilapho izimpawu zesifo ziphazamiseka.
Abalobi balezi zinhlobonhlobo bacatshangwa ngezinga nabalimi aba-3: uG. K. Kovalenko, uMnu G. Myalik noN. I. Mikhnevich. Kusukela ngo-1989, lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziye zafakwa kwiRejista Yombuso Yezinhlobonhlobo Nezifuyo ze-BSSR, futhi kusukela ngo-2002 kuye kwafakwa kwiRejista Yombuso Yezenzuzo Zokuzalisa, okuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa eRussia.
Incazelo kanye nezici ezihlukile ezihlukahlukene
Kumele uqaphele ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo zathola igama layo ngesizathu. Ingxenye yokuqala yayo, njengoba isivele icacile, ibonisa ukuhlanganyela komkhakha wesibhakabhaka sokuqala kulezi ezihlukahlukene, okwesibili kusho ukuthi izithelo zalesi sihlahla zivuthwe ekwindla nasebusika.
Izinkuni
Lesi sihlahla sinokulinganisa okulinganiselwe. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo somuntu omdala akudluli u-5 m, umthamo womqhele uhluka kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-4.5 m. Umqhele unesakhiwo esihle kakhulu, isakhiwo esiyindilinga, amagatsha amakhulu akha ama-90 ° ngokuphathelene ne-trunk. Amahlumela anesisindo esiphakathi, isigaba esinqunyiwe futhi sigcwele amafayili, umbala wawo ohluka emhlophe okhanyayo kuya obala obomvu.
Hlola izinhlobo ezinjalo zamapheya njenge: "Otradnenskaya", "Kokinskaya", "Fairytale", "Nika", "Rogneda", "Elena", "Lada" ne "Rossoshanskaya dessert".Izinso ziyi-cone, ezincane, zingenalutho. Amagatsha agcwele ama-lentile ahlukahlukene. Amaqabunga aphakathi kobukhulu obuphakathi, ukuma - kusuka nxazonke kuya oval. Umkhawulo weqabunga u-wavy, ongeke wagijima, ufana ne-saw nezinyosi ezinhle. Umbala - oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obushelelezi kuya othintweni, obukhulu kakhulu. Izimbali ziningi ngobukhulu, zinamacilisi e-ellipsoid futhi zimhlophe ngombala.
Izithelo
Ubukhulu be-fetus uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye abamele abaningi balezi zilwane - eziphakathi. Isisindo esilinganisweni silinganiselwa ku-100-120 g. Izithelo ziyancipha, isikhumba sinomzimba omncane kakhulu, sithwala kakhulu. Lonke ubuso ligcwele ukukhanya okubomvu okukhanyayo. Imibala ixhomeke esimweni sokuvuthwa kanye nesikhathi lapho umntwana elele khona efomini ephukile. Njengomthetho, ngesikhathi sokuvuna kuphelile, umbala wamapheya unamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onamabala obomvu obomvu, kanti ngesikhathi esifanele kakhulu ukusetshenziswa, bathola umbala ophuzi ngotshani obomvu obomvu.
Uyazi? Iphakathi - isihlobo esiseduze se rose, ngoba kanye nemithi yokugcina, kanye ne-hawthorn, i-apula kanye nezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-2000 eziyinkulungwane, kungokwezifiso zeRosaceae.
Ingaphakathi lamapheya amhlophe, ane-pear elimnandi, ehlonishwayo elimnandi eliphunga elimnandi nge-vanilla, elinomsoco kakhulu, elimnandi nelomngcweti ukunambitha. Ukwakhiwa kwe-pulp kuhle-kuhlungwe kahle, ku-oily kuya kokuthinta.
Yini okufanele ubuke lapho uthenga izithombo
Okokuqala, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kungenjalo umuntu angakwazi ukuthenga ezimakethe ezizenzekelayo, njengoba abathengisi babo behlupheka kakhulu noma bengalandeli ukuhlanzeka kwezilwane zezithombo zabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulezi zimakethe, ngokuvamile izimpande zezihlahla ezincane ziboshwe ngezikhwama zepulasitiki, ezibalimaza kakhulu futhi zibe nemiphumela emibi kakhulu ekusindeni kwabo esikhathini esizayo. Ngisho noma unenhlanhla ngokwanele ukuthola isithombo esinamandla, amathuba okuba lokhu kuzoba yihlane kuyoba phezulu kakhulu. Kuyinto efiselekayo kakhulu ukuthi imbewu ikhule futhi itshalwe endaweni yendawo yezulu, okuzohambisana nendawo lapho uhlose ukutshala khona umuthi omncane. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula ukuqhuma kanye nokwenza ngcono ekuthuthukiseni kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo esizayo.
Kubalulekile! Ukuqaphela ikakhulu kumele kuhokhwe ohlelweni lwempande yesitokisi. Kumele kube nesakhiwo esinamandla nokubukeka okunempilo okuyokwenza kube nomthelela ekuqhumeni okuphumelelayo nokuthuthukiswa okufanele kwenzalo.
Izithombo zamapheya zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zivame ukuhlanganiswa ezinhlangothini ezihlukahlukene zama-pear, okumele kube nokuphikisana okukhulu nesomiso. Akudingekile ukuthatha izithombo zama-pear ezihlanganisiwe ku-cotoneaster, hawthorn, irgu kanye ne-quince, ngoba abanalo izinga eliqinile lokubekezela kwesomiso.
Ukukhetha indawo kusayithi
Indawo engcono kakhulu yokutshala lolu hlobo lwepeyari kuyakuba yisakhiwo esithonywa ilanga isikhathi eside kunazo zonke phakathi nosuku, ngoba i-pear isitshalo esithandekayo. Kubuye kubalulekile ukucabangela ubukhulu bomuthi omdala, kusale ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kube okungenani u-4 × 4 m. Inhlabathi efanelekile ukutshala amapheya inhlabathi emnyama ecebile ezindabeni ezihlukahlukene eziphilayo.
Ukutshala emgqeni ophakathi kukhona izinhlobo ezifanele ezifana nalezi: "Marble", "Duchess" ne "Intandokazi Yakovlev".Inhlabathi kumele ibe ne-airme and water enmeability eyaneleyo. Uhlelo lwempande lwalolu hlobo lwamapheya luba yingozi ikakhulukazi lapho kwenzeka khona izifo ezihlukahlukene zefungal, ngakho-ke inhlabathi akufanele ixutshwe ngobuningi obuningi. Izitshalo zehlabathi nezomhlabathi zifanelekile ukukhuphula amapheya kunabo bonke, ngoba ezweni elinjalo lesi sitshalo asikwazi ukuthuthukisa ngokugcwele uhlelo lwayo lwempande, okuholela ekuthuthukiseni okunganele.
Umsebenzi wokulungiselela ngaphambi kokufika
Ekuqaleni, umuthi omncane uzodinga kahle-ukhululeke futhi uhlolwe ngenani elikhulu lamaminerali inhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukubeka ingxube emgodini ohloswe ukutshala, oqukethe amabhakede amabili omquba, 2 amabhakede esiliva, 35 g wezinto eziqukethe i-potassium, no-20 g we-superphosphate. Qinisekisa ukuthi ukhulula inhlabathi, ohlose ukufafaza isitshalo esincane, futhi ukhula wonke ukhula endaweni yalo. Kufanelekile ukunakekelwa ukuthi zonke izinhlobo eziphakathi kwezinto eziphakathi kwezilwane zasuswa zivela enhlabathini, ngoba zingase zithole igciwane lesandulela ngculazi nezifo ezihlukahlukene zalezi zinhlobo zezitshalo.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze uthuthukise inqubo yokwenza uhlelo lwempande, kunconywa ukucubungula isiteji ngosizo lwe-stimulator yokukhula kwezimpande, isibonelo, i-Charkora.
Okulandelayo ukulungisa isiteji. Ukuze benze lokhu, baqeda wonke amaqabunga futhi basuse amagatsha nezingxenye zezimpande ezithwala umonakalo obala. Ngemuva kwaloko, izithombo kufanele zifakwe emanzini, zibeke izimpande kulolu ketshezi okungenani amahora amathathu. Khona-ke ungaqhubeka nenqubo eqondile yokufika.
Inqubo ngesinyathelo-sinyathelo sokutshala izithombo
I-pearry-grade grade yeBelarusian ine-algorithm elandelayo yokutshala:
- Ekuqaleni kunesidingo sokulungisa umgodi ngobubanzi obuyi-1 m nobubanzi obungaba ngu-80 cm. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi izimpande zesitshalo zimbozwe ngezindwangu zomhlaba, umgodi ugujwa ngokuhambisana nobukhulu bawo.
- Okulandelayo, isitshalo esincane sigxila emgodini ngendlela enjalo, ukuze izimpande zawo zibekwe ngokugcwele kuwo futhi zingalokothi zigobe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, intamo impande kufanele iqhubekele 6-8 cm ngaphezu komhlaba.
- Umgodi onomsila ogcwele phansi ugcwele ungqimba oluvundile lwenhlabathi, oluhlanganiswa njengoba lengeziwe.
- I-pear encane ithululelwa ngamanzi amaningi (cishe ama-3-4 amabhakede).
- Ngemuva kokumunwa kwamanzi, kuyakulungele ukugubha inhlabathi eduze nesitshalo sitshalo ngosizo lwe-humus, amaqabunga awile noma u-hay.
Izici zokunakekelwa kwonyaka
Amapheya awunakuzithoba ngokwemithi yokunakekelwa kwesihlahla. Izinsika eziyinhloko ekuvuneni okuphumelelayo yilezi: ukusika izihlahla ngesikhathi esifanele, ukukhulelwa ngesikhathi, nokuvimbela izifo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinambuzane.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
Phakathi neminyaka emibili yokuqala emva kokutshala, kuyadingeka ukuba uqaphele ngokuqinile isimo somhlaba esungeze isiqu: ukukhula ngesikhashana ngesikhathi esifanele futhi umhlabathi ongajulile ukhululeka (5-7 cm). Ukuze ulwe nokhula, ungasebenzisa izixazululo ezihlukahlukene zokubulala ukhula.
Kubalulekile! Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izixazululo ezisebenzayo ze-herbicide aziwa ezitshalweni ezihlwanyelwe, ngoba lokhu kungabangela ukulimala okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukupomfaza nabo kuyenzeka kuphela ngesimo sezulu esithulile.
Ngemuva kwesikhathi, ezinye izinhlobo zotshani zingatshala eduze kwesihlahla, isibonelo, uhlobo oluthile lwe-clover, i-red fescue noma i-meadow bluegrass. Lezi zitshalo, emva kokugaya, zizoba umthombo omuhle kakhulu womanyolo wamaminerali ophakathi kwakho. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamapheya zinokumelana ngokuqinile nemibandela eyomile, ngakho-ke, njengomthetho, akudingi umswakama owengeziwe. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni zokushisa ngokweqile, lezi zihlahla zincoma ukuchelela izikhathi ezimbili ngosuku, ngesilinganiso samabhakethi angama-5-7 emithini yomuthi ngamunye omdala.
Ukuxubha njalo emjikelezweni wesihlahla somuthi kwenziwa kuphela eminyakeni yokuqala yokuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo kwamapheya amancane, bese kusetshenziselwa ngezikhathi ezithile lapho izimo ezomile kakhulu zenzeka, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhuphuka ngokweqile nokushesha okukhulu komswakama emhlabathini. Ukunciphisa umzimba kwenziwa nge-hay, humus, utshani obusha noma amaqabunga awile.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Entwasahlobo, kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe 2 izimpande zokugqoka: eyodwa ngesikhathi sezimbali kanye nesinye ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho. Zombili lezi zokugqoka kufanele zibe nama-fertilizer amaminerali. Okokuqala, isisombululo se-nitrate senziwa ngesilinganiso se-1:50 futhi ukuphuza okuqhubekayo kwenziwa ngezinga lika-30 g we-nitrate ngomitha wesikwele ngamunye wezinga elikhulayo eliphakathi kwe-pear. Ukugqoka izimpande kwesibili kungaba yisisombululo se-urea, ngesilinganiso sika 180-220 g wezinto eziphilayo ngebhakede lamanzi.
Amaminerali amaminerali yizona zokudla okuyisisekelo sezihlahla zezithelo nezitshalo.Cishe amalitha angu-5 alesi sixazululo ayokwanela ukutshala umuthi owodwa. Ehlobo, kungcono ukutshala usebenzisa indlela ye-foliar. Kungcono kakhulu uma lezi zithako ziqukethe izinto ezicebile ku-phosphorus ne-potassium, isibonelo, i-nitroammofosku, i-ammofosku noma isisombululo se-magnesium sulphate. Ukucubungula kwenziwa ngokulandela imiyalelo ehlinzekwe kwiphakheji nomuthi. Ekubeni, kudingeka ukugqoka eyodwa, okungcono ngasekupheleni kukaSeptemba, okuzoba nomthelela omkhulu wezinto eziphilayo.
Lokhu kungase kube ukuhlwanyela kokhula, kuvundiwe futhi kuhlanjululwe 1:10 izinyoni zezinyoni noma i-mullein egcwele amanzi. Ungaphinda wengeze umuthi wokhuni ngesilinganiso se-1 indebe ngayinye isikwele. m inhlabathi. Ukuphoqelelwa kwezitshalo kuwukugqoka kuphela okwenziwe ngezikhathi zentwasahlobo nasekwindla. Izicelo ze-Summer foliar zenziwa ngokusekelwe kwesidingo sezitshalo ezinjalo, ezingabonakalisa ekushintsheni kokubonakala komuthi noma izinga lesitshalo.
Ukwelashwa okuvimbelayo
Ukuphalaza okuvimbela ukusindisa isivuno kusuka ezinambuzane nezifo kufanele kwenziwe ngezikhathi zamasonto amabili. Ungasebenzisa lezi zixazululo ze-fungicides ehlukahlukene kanye nezinambuzane eziphilayo, okunye okunye okuyizinto eziqhamukayo zamalungiselelo nezindlela zokucubungula, okungahle kuhlanjululwe emaphaketheni.
Kubalulekile! Ukucubungula kokugcina kwezihlahla kumele kwenziwe ngaphandle kwenyanga ngaphambi kosuku olulindelekile lokuvuna.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi noma yikuphi ukucubungula kwalezi zinto kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi sezulu kungekho mlilo nhlobo. Izidakamizwa ezithandwa kakhulu futhi ezithandekayo zihlanganisa i-Bordeaux liquid, isisombululo se-urea esingu-5% nesisombululo se-5% se-potassium permanganate.
Ukudubula
Izihlahla ezincane zidinga izihlahla, ezenzelwe ukwakha umqhele wabo ozayo. Ngalesi sizathu, umlingana osemncane ushiywe ngaphakathi kwamagatsha amahlanu athile kakhulu futhi i-trunk inqunywa ngu-¼. Abantu abadala bajwayele ukuqina komqhele. Isithombe semithi evuthiwe senziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nangaphambi kwesiteleka sokuqala se-autumn frosts. Ihlose ukususa wonke amahlumela amancane amancane namagatsha awonakele. Ukuqhuba izihlahla zokusika izihlahla, kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi umqhele kufanele ube nesakhiwo sokunyuka ngokufanayo. Uma amagatsha aphakathi kwezihlahla eziseduze ahlangana, kufanele afushane.
Ukuvikelwa emakhazeni namakhaza
I-"Belarusian Late" ebangeni eliphakathi kwe-pear lihle kakhulu ukumelana ne-frost, kodwa, uma ubusika esifundeni sakho bungekho iqhwa, kunengozi yokuqandisa izimpande ezisemhlabathini ongqimba. Ngakho-ke, ebusika, kunconywa ukumboza inhlabathi ezungeze isiqu nge-sawdust noma humus. Iziqu zemithi esanda kutshalwa zingafakwa ephepheni. Ukuze uvikele emelene namagundane ahlukahlukene, ungasebenzisa indlela eshibhile futhi enokwethenjelwa - ukuhlanganisa isihlahla somuthi nge-conifers.
Ungasebenzisa futhi umhlanga noma uthathe amahlumela okusajingijolo. Kukhona, ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhemikhali amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene aklanyelwe ngokuqondile ukulwa namagundane futhi abe ne-composition creolin noma amanye amakhemikhali aklanyelwe ukwesabisa izilwane. Sithemba ukuthi lo mbhalo ususize ekutholeni izimpendulo zemibuzo yakho mayelana namapheya wezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zeBelarusian. Ukuqaliswa okunamandla kwazo zonke lezi zincomo kuzokuqinisekisa ukuvuna okukhulu. Inhlanhla kuwe kanye nensimu yakho!
