I-Alyonushka iyinhlobonhlobo ekhangayo ye-Chinese plum engaphelelwa ukuthandwa. Ukutshala nokutshala kwayo kuhlotshaniswa nobunzima obuthile ngenxa yezimpawu zezinhlobonhlobo. Sizofunda umlimi nabo ngokuningiliziwe futhi sinikeze imiyalo edingekayo yokutshala nokunakekela.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo ze-plum Alyonushka
I-Alyonushka iyinhlobonhlobo encane yensimu yama-Chinese (ye-loosestrife). Kwatholakala esifundeni sase-Oryol ngabazalisi be-All-Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK) ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Ngo-2001, yabhaliswa Kwirejista Yombuso yeSifunda Esimnyama Somhlaba.
Umuthi we-Alyonushka awukhuli phezulu - imvamisa ukukhula kwawo kuluhlu lwamamitha amabili kuya amabili nengxenye. Amahlumela aqondile anamaxolo abushelelezi ansundu avela esiqwini nge-30-40 °. Amagatsha akhulayo omaphakathi aphakathi enza umqhele ophakeme we-pyramidal. Izimbali zemifino zibekwa kumahlumela ezithelo. Ziqhakaza eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaMeyi, futhi izithelo ziyavuthwa engxenyeni yesibili ka-Agasti.
Isithelo sezithelo ukwakheka kwezithelo okwenziwa minyaka yonke, phezu kwawo okuyimbali yezimbali.
IPlum Alyonushka ithela izithelo ezindongeni zezithelo
Umuthi unobunzima bezinkuni obumaphakathi nobukhulu futhi bukhuphuka ukumelana nesithwathwa kwezimbali. Ngakho-ke, ukubekezelela isomiso kuhlukile. Izinhlobonhlobo zithambekele ekufudumaleni kwamagxolo ezansi kwesiqu ngenxa yokuqongelelwa kwamanzi ngezikhathi ezithile. Ine-immune immune elinganiselayo kwi-moniliosis ne- kleasterosporiosis. Ithinteka kakhulu ngama-aphid, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yokuqala yesikhathi sokukhula, lapho amaqabunga kanye namahlumela amancane emnene.
Izinhlobonhlobo zingezokuzenzisa, ngakho-ke ukuba khona kwe-pollinators kuphoqelekile. Ngokwekhwalithi yabo, i-skoroplodnaya iplamu ilungele kangcono, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zama-plums amaShayina nezasekhaya, ukuqhakaza kwazo okuhambisana ngesikhathi. I-Alyonushka inokuvuthwa okuphezulu kokuqala - amajikijolo okuqala anganambitheka ngonyaka wesithathu ngemuva kokutshala, futhi iplamu ifinyelela umkhiqizo wayo omkhulu ngeminyaka engama-7-8. Ukukhiqiza kuphakeme futhi kuvamile. Ukusuka ehektheleni elilodwa, ngokwesilinganiso, kutholakala amasentimitha ayi-147, kanti isivuno esiphezulu esiqoshiwe salungiswa ku-199.8 c / ha.
Izithelo ezimile zinobukhulu obuqondaniswe nesisindo esimaphakathi sama-gramu ayi-35. Inyama ye-orange Juicy inesakhiwo esihle kakhulu nokunambitheka okumnandi nokumnandi kakhulu. Ithambo lincane, lihlukaniswe kabi ngepulpiti. Ukuhlola ukunambitha kuya endaweni yokutshala kusuka ku-4.2-4.8 amaphuzu. Ukumelana nokuqhekeka kanye nokwehlukaniswa okuhle kwezithelo ezivela ku-peduncle kubangela ukuthutha okuphezulu. Ukuqokwa kwezithelo - itafula. Izinhlobonhlobo zisetshenziswa kabanzi engadini yasekhaya nasekutshaleni izimboni.
IPlum Alyonushka inezithelo ezimnyama eziyindilinga ezibomvu
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwezinhlobo ze-plum Alyonushka
Ukufingqa incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo, siklelisa ngamafuphi izici zayo ezinhle nezingakhi. Ngakho-ke, mayelana nezinzuzo:
- Ukuvuthwa kokuqala okuphezulu.
- I-compact, umuthi ophansi onomqhele o-sparse.
- Ukuqina kobusika obuhle, kufaka phakathi nezinhlamvu zezithelo.
- Izithelo ezijwayelekile nezivame.
- Ukunambitheka okuhle.
- Izinga eliphakeme lokuhweba lezithelo.
Ukubuyisa okubaluleke kakhulu kwezinhlobonhlobo kusengozini yayo eqinile yama-aphid. Ukubuyiselwa kwesibili ukuthambekela kwangaphambi kokuqala kwentamo yezimpande.
Ukufakelwa
Ngokunikezwe ukuthambekela kwe-Alyonushka iplamu yokushisa isiqu, lapho ukutshala kufanele kunikeze izithombo izithombo ezixhunyelelwe ezitokisini ezinzile zezinhlobo zasekhaya noma umdlalo. Ukuphakama kokugoma ngenhla komhlabathi akufanele kube okuphansi kunezinga leqhwa elibonisa ubusika bendawo. Uma usasebenzisa isithombo esinezimpande zokutshala, kuyodingeka usitshale egqumeni. Lapho ukhetha isiza sokufika, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi i-Alyonushka ngeke ikhule enhlabathini ene-acidic - ukungathathi hlangothi noma i-alkaline emfanele. Izinga elivumelekile lamanzi aphansi komhlaba ngeke libe ngaphansi kwamamitha amabili. Ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla zilandelana ngesikhathi sokutshala kweqembu kufanele libe ngaphakathi kwamamitha ayi-2-3, futhi ukuhlukaniswa komugqa - amamitha amane. Esifundeni esiseMiddle Black Earth, kungcono ukutshala ama-plums ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (ngaphambi kokugcwala kwamahlamvu). Ngokuvamile, inqubo yokutshala ayinazici eziqukethwe kulokhu okuhlukahlukene, futhi ijwayelekile. Bhala kafushane izinyathelo eziphambili zesinyathelo ngesinyathelo:
- Ekwindla, umgodi wokufika ulungiswa ngokujula kwamamitha ayi-0.8 nobubanzi obufanayo.
- Uma inhlabathi isindayo, khona-ke ungqimba lwamanzi obukhulu obungu-10 cm lubekwa phansi.
Uma inhlabathi isindayo, khona-ke ungqimba lwamanzi obukhulu obungu-10 cm lubekwa phansi komgodi wokufika
- Umgodi ugcwele inhlabathi evundile evulekile ngokufakwa kwezinto eziphilayo (amabhakede ama-2-3 ngesithombo ngasinye) kanye ne-superphosphate (amagremu angama-80-100 ngegodi lokutshala).
- Entwasahlobo ngosuku lokutshala, izimpande zesithombo zikanyelwa amahora amaningi emanzini ngokufakwa kweHeteroauxin, iZircon noma enye inkampani ebamba izithombo. Umthamo - ngokusho kwemiyalo.
- Ingxenye yomhlabathi iyasuswa emgodini wokufika ukuze kwakheke umgodi phakathi nendawo ngenani elanele ukuhlalisa isistimu yezimpande zezithombo.
- Maphakathi nomgodi, udinga ukwakha indunduma encane, lapho isithende sezimpande zesithombo siphumule khona, futhi izimpande zisatshalaliswa kanye nokuthambekela.
Maphakathi nomgodi, udinga ukwakha indunduma encane lapho isithende sezimpande siphela, nezimpande zisatshalaliswa kanye nasemithambekeni
- Zigcwalisa imbobo bese zihlanganisa inhlabathi ezungeze isitshalo kahle. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi intambo yempande ayiphendukanga ukuthi ingcwatshwe - kungcono ukuqala ukuyiphakamisa ibe ngu-5-7 cm ngaphezu komhlaba, kuthi ngemuva kokulungisa inhlabathi izokwehla ifinyelele ezingeni elifunekayo.
- Kwenziwa umbuthano wesiqu eduze nobubanzi bomgodi wokufika.
- Nisela kakhulu i-sapling ngamanzi kuze kube yilapho isiyingi sesiqu sigcwalisiwe. Ngemuva kokumunca amanzi, ukuchelela kuyaphinda futhi.
- Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3, inhlabathi iyathukululwa futhi ifakwe nge-humus, i-peat, i-hay noma enye into efanelekayo.
- Umqhubi osenkabeni unqunywa ubude bungu-0.8-1.2 m, uma kukhona amagatsha, ancishiswa ngo-50%.
Endabeni yokutshala izithombo ezimpande ngaphezulu komgodi wokutshala olungiselelwe, kugxotshwa igquma lomhlabathi ovundile ngo-0,5-0.6 m ukuphakama nobubanzi obuyi-1,2-1,5 m. Kulesi simo, umgodi wokutshala wembiwa enkabeni yegquma futhi ngenye indlela wenza njengokuthi kuchazwe ngenhla.
Izithombo ezakho kufanele zitshalwe ngobuningi noma egqumeni lemvelo
Izici zokutshala nobuqili bezokunakekelwa
I-Plum Alyonushka isezikhukhumezayo lapho ishiya. Bayayikhulisa ngokuya ngemithetho efanayo nezinye izinhlobo zamaplamu ne-cherry plum. Kepha kunamaphuzu ambalwa abalulekile okufanele abhekwe kakhulu.
Ukwakhiwa komqhele
Kungcono ukunika leli banga leli banga, umqhele ohlotshisiwe womqhele, okulungele ukunakekelwa nokuvunwa. Ukwakheka kuqalile ngesikhathi sokufika, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngenhla, futhi kwenziwa iminyaka yokuqala engama-4-5.
Ukunisela
Njengoba izinhlobonhlobo zingabekezeleli isomiso, zidinga ukuniselwa njalo. Ukunisela kubaluleke kakhulu ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli ngaphambi kokuba kuqhume izimbali ze-plum, maphakathi noMeyi ngemuva kokuba izimbali ziwe, futhi ehlobo ngokuphumula kwamasonto ayi-1-2. Ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti kuze kube sekupheleni kokuvunwa, ukuthambisa kuyekwa ukuze kungabangeli ukuqhekeka kwezithelo. Ngo-Okthoba - Novemba, ngokwemithetho ejwayelekile, ukuchelela amanzi okushaja kuyenziwa.
Ukuvimbela isisekelo esishisayo
Ngale njongo, ekupheleni kobusika, kuyadingeka ukweqa iqhwa kusuka eziteshini zezitshalo ezimpande bese kwakheka imifantu ukuze kukhanye amanzi ancibilikisiwe. Okufanayo kusebenza kwizithombo ezihlanganisiwe, amasayithi okuxhunyelelwa kuwo abekwe ngaphansi kwezinga leqhwa. Uma isifunda sibonakaliswa ngamawele ebusika ngamafrimu alandelayo, khona-ke indawo yeqhwa kufanele ihlanzwe njalo ngezikhathi ezithile kuya kwisizini.
Izifo nezinambuzane: izinhlobo eziphambili nezisombululo zenkinga
Njengoba izinhlobonhlobo zinokumelana okuphakathi kwezifo ezinkulu zokukhunta, ngeke sizihlalele kuzo ngokuningiliziwe. Ezimweni eziningi, izindlela ezijwayelekile ze-prophylactic zanele, uhlu nokwakheka kwalo, kufushaniswa kwetafula.
Ithebula: izindlela zokuvimbela izifo kanye nezinambuzane zama-plums
| Nini | Yini | Kanjani | Bathola muphi umphumela? |
| Ukuwa | Qoqa amahlamvu awile bese ushisa | Izilokazane nezinhlwayi zamagciwane angena fungal ebusika emaqabunga kanye nokuqhekeka kwamagxolo kuyabhujiswa | |
| Izihlahla zokuhlanzeka | Sika wonke amagatsha awomile, aphukile futhi onesifo, abese eshiswa | ||
| Ukuwa kwesikhathi | Umhlabathi wokumba ngokujulile | Inhlabathi emibuthanweni eseduze-isiqu yembiwa ekujuleni kogqolosholo lwefosholo, ijikisa izingqimba zomhlaba | Izinambuzane nezikhunta zibanda ebusika ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zenhlabathi ziphakanyiselwe phezulu, emva kwalokho zibulawa yiqhwa |
| Icubungula umqhele nge-vitriol | Fafaza amagxolo awo wonke amagatsha nesiqu ngesisombululo esingu-5% we-sulfate yethusi noma uketshezi lweBordeaux | Ukuvimbela izifo zokukhunta nezinambuzane | |
| Intwasahlobo yokuqala | |||
Intwasahlobo:
| Ukwelashwa okuphelele ngokumelene nesikhunta nezinambuzane | Kathathu wafafaza umqhele ngengxube yethangi likaHorus (ukhunta) kanye noDecis (isinambuzane) | |
I-Fungicides - iqembu lezidakamizwa zamakhemikhali nezemvelo ekwelapheni nasekuvimbeleni izifo zokukhunta.
Ama-insecticides - iqembu lamakhemikhali namalungiselelo emvelo okulawula izinambuzane eziyingozi.
Ukulwa ne-aphid kusinki
Njengoba i-aphid iyinkinga enkulu ye-Alyonushka iplamu, sizogxila kakhulu kulolu daba.
Izimpawu zokulimala kwe-aphid iplamu nezindlela zokulawula
Into yokuqala okufanele ixwayise umlimi ukubukeka kokungena kwamaqabunga asongelwe kubhavu. Kufanele uklebhule ishidi elinjalo futhi ulelule. Uma kunezinambuzane ezincane ngamanani amakhulu ngaphakathi, khona-ke lokhu kuyi-aphid. Udla ujusi wamaqabunga amancane kanye namahlumela, abangele ukulimala okukhulu kwesitshalo. Lapho kuzoba khona ama-aphid amaningi kusinki (futhi iphindaphindeka ngokushesha), khona-ke izobe ingagcini ngamahlamvu asongelwe, kodwa futhi izomboza ingaphezulu le amahlumela amaningi ngekhaphethi eqhubekayo.
Isibonakaliso sokuqala sokuba khona kwama-aphid esihlahleni seplamu singamahlamvu asongwe
Imvamisa, izindlela zokuvimbela zinganciphisa kakhulu inani lezinambuzane zize ziqede nokuba khona kwazo ngokuphelele. Kepha esimweni sika-Alyonushka, mhlawumbe lokhu ngeke kwanele. Iqiniso ngukuthi noma entwasahlobo kungenzeka ukuthi ususe ngokuphelele ama-aphid, khona-ke ngokushesha izintuthwane zingasiletha emqheleni futhi zixazulule emaqabungeni nasezihlumela. Lokhu bakwenza ukuze bakwazi ukudla okufihlayo okwenziwa ngama-aphid abizwa ngokuthi amazolo oju. Ngakho-ke, ukulwa okuphumelela kakhudlwana ukulwa ne-aphid, kuyadingeka futhi ukulwa nezintuthwane. Into elula kakhulu engenziwa ukufaka ibhande lokuzingela egatsheni le-plum 30 cm cm kusuka emhlabathini. Futhi izintuthwane ziyeke ukushwashwasha okusha ngesisombululo se-lime esisikiwe ngokufakwa kwe-3% yethusi sulfate.
Ibhande lokuzingela lingenziwa ngezinto zokwenziwa ngcono.
Ukuze ulwe nama-aphid, kusetshenziswa namalungiselelo ahlukahlukene wamakhemikhali nawokuzalwa. Okuncamelayo kufanele kunikezwe izidakamizwa ezihlelekile, ngoba ezithintwayo, ngokunokwenzeka kakhulu, ngeke zikwazi ukungena ngamaqabunga asongwe.
Ithebula: Amanye ama-aphid
| Izidakamizwa | Into esebenzayo | Indlela yokusebenzisa | Umthamo | Isikhathi sokulinda, izinsuku |
| Umuthi ungu-30 futhi | I-emulsion yamafutha amancane | Umuthi ofakwe emanzini ufafazwa emqheleni wesihlahla. Ngemuva kokufaka isicelo, uwoyela wenza ifilimu elingangenisi moya, ehlanganisa uhlelo lokuphefumula lwama-aphid nezinye izinambuzane. | Ibhodlela elinomthamo ongu-250 ml lihlanjululwa kumalitha ayi-5 amanzi (noma ibhodlela elinomthamo ongu-500 ml kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi). Amalitha amabili esisombululo esisebenzayo anele esihlahleni esincane esingaphansi kweminyaka emithathu, futhi ezihlahleni zabantu abadala le ndlela evamile inyukela kumalitha amahlanu. | 0 |
| Nitrafen | Nitrafen | Ngenxa yobuthi bayo obuphakeme ngefomu yayo emsulwa namandla okuphikelela isikhathi eside emhlabathini, akuvamile ukusetshenziswa. Uma kunesidingo, kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa ngokufafaza umqhele ekwindla noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho isitshalo siphumule. | Amagremu ayi-150-200 we-paste yokulungiselela ancibilikiswa ebhakedeni lamanzi | Kuhlala isikhathi eside |
| I-Decis | I-Synthetic Pyrethroid Deltamethrin | Fafaza umqhele emazingeni okushisa omoya we-15-25 ° C. Ngemuva kwamahora amabili elashwa, imvula ayihlambi. | 5 ml nge-10 l lamanzi | 20-30 |
| I-Iskra Bio | I-emulsion egxilile ye-avertin, umkhiqizo wokungcola we-streptomycetes yenhlabathi (i-Streptomyces), noma isikhunta esikhanyayo | Hlanza umuthi emanzini ngaphambi kokuwusebenzisa bese ufafaza izitshalo. Kusebenza kakhulu emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-+28 ° C. | 8 ml ilitha elilodwa lamanzi | 2 |
Ithebula: izindlela zabantu ngokumelene ne-aphid
| Kusho | Iresiphi yokupheka | Indlela yokusebenzisa |
| Ukumiliselwa kwesinaphi | Dissolve 200 amagremu ka-lwesinaphi ku-10 amalitha amanzi bese ugcizelela izinsuku ezimbili | Faka isicelo sokufafazwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwamasonto amabili |
| Isixazululo sensipho | Amakhaya, futhi okungcono akhetha insipho eningi lama-gramu ayi-250 akhuhlwe futhi ancibilike kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi | Ukuze ucubungule umqhele, kungcono ukusebenzisa ibhodlela lepulasitiki elinezimbobo ezenziwe elivalweni, ngoba izimbobo zesibhamu sokufafaza noma isifutho sizosheshe sivale |
| Isixazululo seviniga | Dissolve 10 wezipuni ze-apula cider uviniga ebhakedeni lamanzi bese ufaka i-adhesive | Ukufafaza ngamaqabunga kwenziwa ngokuphumula kwezinsuku ezingama-3-5 |
| Ukungeniswa kukagwayi | Izingilazi ezimbili zothuli lukagwayi zigcizelela ebhakedeni lamanzi izinsuku ezingama-1-2 | Ukufafaza ngamaqabunga kanye namahlumela kwenziwa kathathu ngesikhawu sezinsuku ezi-3 |
Ividiyo: ungawabona kanjani ama-aphid kusinki nokuthi wenzeni
Ukubuyekezwa Kwabalimi
Sekuyiminyaka eminingi ngikhula e-Alyonushka. Ngijabule kakhulu ngezinhlobonhlobo. Okokuqala, ukunambitheka kwayo nephunga. Amakha amnandi kakhulu neplamu yokunambitheka okubabayo. Ilungele ukudla, inama-compotes amaningi. I-Slivovitsa evela kuyo nayo inamakha kakhulu! Ubukhulu buyehluka unyaka nonyaka, lapho bukhulu kakhulu, - amagremu angaphansi kwamashumi ayisihlanu - amashumi ayisithupha, lapho amancane - 30-40! Ukukhiqiza kuhle futhi kuvamile. Iyamelana nezifo nezinambuzane. Isishayo sakhe kuphela ama-aphid. Ngokuvamile, izinhlobonhlobo zinobusika obuqinile impela, kodwa ngonyaka ka-2014 kwaphawula ukuqandeka okuhle kokukhula konyaka. Kepha akukho lutho. Ngisakuthanda impela ukuthi unamathambo angahlukaniseki, kepha akwesabisi kangako. Inyama ethambile, emnandi futhi enamakha kakhulu ka-Alyonushka iyikho konke!
I-Apple, i-Belgorod
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=11218
Re: Alyonushka
I-Plum enezithelo ezinhle, isivuno esivulekile esihlala njalo kanye ne-aphid eningi eqinisekisiwe, amahlumela asontekile, ukunambitheka omuncu okumuncu. Wadumala kudala. Yize ngihlangane nesampula ebingahlaswanga ngama-aphid, kodwa nokho ukunambitheka akukubi.
nuitoha, Sumy
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=11218
Ngazi u-Alyonushka kuphela. Isithunzi Izithelo ezinkulu ezihlwabusayo nezimbali ezinde (kubalulekile ekugwemeni iqhwa lasentwasahlobo). Ububi; isivuno singaphansi kwesilinganiso.
i-toliam1, iSt. Petersburg
//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=430&start=105
Ibanga Alyonushka liyintandokazi yami! Izithelo 70g, inyama enokunambitheka kwe-peach. Kuya emakethe nje emakethe !!! Umuthi uthela kakhulu.
Antipov Vitaliy, Syzran
//forum.vinograd7.ru/viewtopic.php?f=47&t=407&sid=076a0fa6d5b7d4c3cf6cc9adae8b7a71
IPlum Alyonushka ihlolwe futhi yethembisa okuhlukahlukene. Ngaphandle kokushiyeka okuthile okunganqotshwa ngempumelelo, ukuhlukahluka ngokuqinisekile kunganconywa ukuze kulinywe hhayi emizini yangasese kuphela, kodwa nasezivandeni zasemapulazini.
