Amapheya "UMaria kuphela" - isipho emhlabeni kusukela kubalimi baseBelarusian.
Kungenxa yeqembu elite lezinhlobonhlobo, kanti cishe lihle kunazo zonke phakathi kwamakhasethi.
Abantu abaningi babiza lesi sitshalo esimangalisayo ngokuthi "Santa Maria" ngokungazitholi ekunakekeleni nasekuvuneni okuhle kakhulu ngezimfanelo zokunambitheka okumangalisayo.
Umlando wokuzala
I-Pear "U-Maria nje" iyinhlobonhlobo entsha ye-Belarusian. Bred ngo-2010 ngesisekelo se-Institute for Fruit Ukukhuliswa yiqembu lababelethi: MG I-Myalik, i-O.A. Yakimovich noG.A. Alekseeva. Ukuhlukahluka "nje uMaria" kwakuwumphumela wokuwela izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-hybride 6/89 100 ne-Oil Ro, eyaziwa ngezimfanelo zayo. 
Ukudalwa kwezinto ezihlukahlukene "nje uMaria" kwakungaphambi komsebenzi wokukhetha omude. Ekuqaleni, izitshalo zafakwa endaweni okuthiwa yi-jardin yokukhetha, lapho ngonyaka wesihlanu zanikeza isitshalo sokuqala. Kwabe sekukhethwa amakhophi wezimpawu zobunzima babo bebusika, i-fruiting kanye nekhwalithi yezithelo ngokwayo. Lezi zici zazimisela ekudaleni izinhlobonhlobo "nje uMaria." Kakade ngo-2003, wawela esigabeni sezinhlobonhlobo ze-elite, eseziqinisekisile njengencazelo enhle.
Okokuqala, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zabizwa ngokuthi uMaria, njengoba ungase ucabange, ngokuhlonipha umelusi wakhe nomholi, uMaria Grigorievna Myalik. Kodwa-ke, maduzane lolu hlobo lwamapheya lubizwa kabusha ngokuthobeka ngokuthi "Simply Maria" - ngalesi sikhathi ngemva kwegama luchungechunge lwethelevishini oluthandwa ngaleso sikhathi.
Uyazi? Ngaphambi kokuba ugwayi uvele kuleli zwekazi, abaseYurophu basebenzisa ama-pear omisiwe abhekene nokubhema.
Incazelo yomuthi
Izinhlobo zemithi "U-Maria nje" awela ngaphansi kwencazelo njengesitshalo sokuphakama okuphakathi. Bafinyelela amamitha amathathu ukuphakama.. Lezi peyari zinomqhele wokuphakama okuphakathi kwamamitha amabili nesigamu ububanzi, isimo se-pyramidal. 
Isihlahla sifinyelela usayizi obukhulu kakhulu eminyakeni eyishumi. Amagatsha asuka esitokisini esiseduze ngakwesokudla, eqondiswa phezulu. Amahlamvu anesimo se-oval ngaphandle kokusika.
Kubalulekile! Umqhele womuthi akufanele ube mncane kakhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukudonsa amagatsha angama-vertical futhi uwashiye unyaka.
Incazelo yezithelo
Izithelo ezihlukahlukene "nje uMaria" zikhulu kakhulu ngobukhulu - eliphakathi kwe-pear ngalinye lifinyelela ezingamakhulu amabili amagremu ngesisindo. Izithelo zinomumo ohlotshisiwe owenziwe ngamapulangwe ngamapulangwe nge-stem encane futhi enzima. Ubuso bezithelo kufanele kube bushelelezi futhi bushelelezi, isikhumba - esithambile futhi esincane, esicwebezelisayo kancane.
Ukufinyelela ekuvuthweni, amapheya athola umbala wegolide futhi ameme amaphuzu angaphansi komhlaba. Njengoba izithelo zokuvuthwa zimbozwa ngento enhle. Inyama iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-medium-grained futhi ayi-dense kakhulu. 
Ngaphandle kokuchazwa kwangaphandle, okushiwo kufanele kwenziwe ngezimfanelo ezihlukile zokunambitheka ezihlukahlukene ze "Just Maria". Kubonakala ubumnandi obucebile, i-juiciness nephunga elicebile. Imisebenzi yanikeza imikhakha ethi "Simply Maria" ngokulinganisa okungu-4.8 kumkhawulo wamaphuzu amahlanu ngokuhambisana nezici zokunambitheka. Okuqukethwe ushukela kulezi pears kufinyelela ku-80%.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi "nje uMaria" uyakwazi ukukhiqiza isitshalo ngezici ezinhle zomkhiqizo, ngisho nasezimo ezimbi zezulu noma ze-agrotechnical.
Uyazi? E-China, izihlahla ze-pear zibhekwa njengezibonakaliso zokungafi. Futhi ukubona lesi sitshalo siphukile noma sifile kuyisimo esibi.
Izidingo zokukhanyisa
"UMariya nje", njengamanye amapheya amaningi, isitshalo esikhulu se-thermophilic futhi sidinga ukushisa. Ukuze ukwanelise lezi zidingo, izihlahla zalolu hlobo kufanele zitshalwe endaweni evulekile, ephakanyisiwe. Ukukhanya nokushisa okungaphezulu kungatholakala ngokutshala isitshalo enhlangothini eningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga yensimu. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwazo zonke lezi zidingo ezifiselekayo, "uMaria kuphela" ubhekisela ezitshalweni zezithelo ezibekezelela kalula shading kancane. 
Izidingo zomhlaba
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-pear "Just Maria" ithanda umswakama futhi idinga ukuchelela njalo, ingabhubhisa ukuba khona kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi akufanele basondele emhlabathini lapho izihlahla zizotshala khona. Inhlabathi ngokwalo iyadingeka ukuthi ingathathi hlangothi, ilula kalula.
"UMaria kuphela" uyakwazi ukubekezelela inhlabathi engapheli noma engaphelele. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ibucayi kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwe-alkaline. Njengomanyolo, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene "nje Maria" ziphendula kahle ku-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium.
Kubalulekile! Uma izimo zokutshala izitshalo zishiya kakhulu okufisa ukufunwa futhi akukho lutho olungenziwa ngakho, ama-graft angagxiliswa emasendeni noma e-shtammer.
Ukuvota
Iningi lezitshalo eziphakathi kwe-pear zizikhiqiza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abakwazi ukuvota impova ngokwabo. Ngakho-ke, awukwazi ngisho nokubuza umbuzo othi "Ingabe i-pear ye-self-fruited" Just Maria "?".
Yebo akunjalo. Le nkinga ingaxazululwa uma izinambuzane zezinye izinhlobo zitshalwe eduze kwamapheya we-pollination. Into ebaluleke kunazo zonke yilezi zenzeke ngesikhathi sezimbali. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinjengeDush and Koschia zifanelekile. Okungcono kakhulu yinkumbulo kaJakovlev.
Uyazi? AmaGreki asendulo ayesebenzisa amapheya njengendlela yokwelapha. Futhi futhi balethe lezi zithelo ezinomsoco njengesipho kunkulunkulu bazo.
Fruiting
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka wesithathu noma wesine emva kokutshala. Isikhathi sokuvuna siqala ngo-Okthoba-Novemba. Kodwa-ke, esinye sezici ezikhethekile zalezi zihlukahlukene ukuthi izithelo akufanele zivuthwe ngokugcwele. Lokhu kuzokwandisa isikhathi sesitoreji sabo. Ibanga lokuhluma "U-Maria nje" lisho uhlobo oluxubile.
Ukuthela
Izinhlobo zokukhiqiza "U-Maria nje" kubhekwa njengamazinga ajwayelekile wezitshalo eziphakathi kwe-pear. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele nezimo ezihle ezivela emthini owodwa ungathola amakhilomitha angu-40 ama-pears amnandi. 
Uma ukhetha izitshalo zensimu, zijwayeze ngezici ezikhethekile zokunakekelwa kanye nezici zamapheya ekukhunjweni kweYakovlev, Forest Beauty, Duchess, Ussurian, Talgar Beauty, Bergamot, Lada, Chizhovskaya, Century, Hera, Tenderness, Petrovskaya, Krasulya.
Ukuthutha nokugcina
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngenhla, uMaria kuphela amapheya avuna ngaphambi kokuba afike ekuvuthweni okugcwele. Kwenzeka ngoba Izithelo ezivuthiwe ziba mnandi kakhulu futhi zithinte umonakalo owenziwe ngomshini. Lokhu kubangelwa i-juiciness yezithelo nokuthobeka kwesikhumba sabo. Yingakho kufanele bashiye ukuvuthwa egumbini elipholile, ngaleyo ndlela bakhulise amathuba okusebenzisa umkhiqizo. Ukuthutha kufanele futhi kwenziwe lapho amapheya engakaze athole isisa nobuthakathaka.
Izifo nokuphikiswa kwezinambuzane
Okokuqala, ezihlukahlukene "nje Maria" ichaza ukumelana kwayo nezifo ezifana ne-septoriosis, isikhumba nomdlavuza webhaktheriya.
Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi izitshalo azidingi i-prophylaxis. Zonke lezi zifo zinesimo sefungal. Ukugxila kwezifo ezinjalo kuvame ukushiya amaqabunga, lapho kukhona khona ama-fungal spores. 
Lokhu kuphinda kukhumbuze isidingo sokugcina i-oda nokuhlanzeka engadini nasesiteji esiseduze nayo. Ukuze uvimbele lezi zifo entwasahlobo nasekwindla, kubalulekile ukucubungula izihlahla nge-fungicides, ukugcina indawo yokuhlanzeka nokuvimbela umonakalo kumagxolo.
Ekwindla, ama-rodents abe yinkinga enkulu yezihlahla zegadi. Kufanele ivikeleke ngokuqinile kubo isihlahla somuthi. Ukwenza lokhu, ungakufaka ezintweni ezihlukahlukene ezinomsoco, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi avumele umoya we-oksijeni ukugeleza esihlahleni. Ungakwazi futhi ukufaka ucingo lwe-cylindrical emthini.
Phakathi kwezinambuzane ze-pear, kufanele kuqashelwe i-aphid, i-leaf-worm, i-hawthorn, i-gall midge, ama-sawflies, izibungu, amabhu, abadla ukudla, izinambuzane ezincane.
Ukubekezelelana kwesomiso
Pear "UMariya nje" akudingeki njalo njalo, kungakanani ukuchelela. Bahlushwa isomiso, ikakhulukazi ehlobo, lapho badinga kakhulu umswakama. Ukuvimbela izitshalo ukuthi zome, ukuchelela kuyadingeka izikhathi ezine noma eziyisihlanu ngenkathi. Futhi lokhu akudingi nje kuphela imithi emincane, kodwa futhi nemithi emikhulu. Isitshalo ngasinye sithatha amalitha angama-30 e-fluid. Ngemuva kokunisela ngamunye, umhlabathi ozungeza umuthi kufanele ukhululeke. 
Ubusika obunzima
"U-Maria nje" unemibono evelele yeqhwa. Imithi iyakwazi ukululama ngokugcwele ngisho nangemva kokuba iqhwa iqhwa ebusika. Ibuye ibekezelele izinga lokushisa lokushisa kusuka ekunciphiseni kuya kokunye phakathi nezinkathi zonyaka. Ngakho-ke singasho ngokuphepha ukuthi ubusika obunzima bungomunye wemfanelo esemqoka yezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze "Just Maria".
Kubalulekile! Lapho uhlanganiswa ku-quince "Mariya nje" ilahlekelwa izakhiwo zayo ezingamelana nesithwathwa.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezithelo
Amapheya "U-Maria nje" aphakathi kwezinhlobo ze-dessert ezingcono kakhulu. Ngaphezu kokudla okuluhlaza, ukunambitheka kwalolu hlobo kugcinwe kahle ngesikhathi sokushisa kokushisa. Ngakho-ke, "U-Simply Maria" naye ufanelekile ukwenza i-jam, esebenzisa ukubheka nezinye izitsha, kanye nokwenza i-compote. 
Amandla nobuthakathaka
Ukubamba iqhaza, kufanele unqume zonke izinzuzo nezindleko ezihlukahlukene "Nje Maria".
Izinzuzo
- ukunambitha okuhle kakhulu;
- ukumelana nezifo eziningana ze-fungal;
- ukuphikiswa kwesithwathwa;
- ukuvuthwa okusheshayo kuze kufike fruiting;
- usayizi we-compact wesihlahla;
- izithelo ezinkulu.
I-Cons
- isilinganiso sesihlobo nezinye izinhlobo zokukhiqiza;
- izithelo zivame ukwehla ngokunyuka kwemifino yezitshalo.
