I-Eschscholzia ingumthi ongapheli wezimbali ezinezimbali ezithambile futhi ezithambile. Ungowomndeni we-poppy futhi ukhula entshonalanga North America. E-Europe, eshsoltsia yavela okokuqala ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-XVIII. Kusukela ngalesosikhathi, izitshalo ezinezimbali eziqhakazile, ezinjengamabhu ziye zahlala isikhathi eside kumapaki nasezingadini. Ngokuma kweqembu, afana namachibi anemibala eminingi avele emoyeni. Abantu bavame ukubiza imbali ngokuthi "California poppy." Ukuze kufane namahlamvu aluhlaza kube umhlonyane, i-Eshsoltius itholakala ngaphansi kwegama "umhlonyane".
Incazelo yezitshalo
I-Eschscholzia iyi-perennial enekhemisi eyakhiwe kahle yentonga. Amahlumela aqhakaze kakhulu atholakala ngaphezu komhlaba, akha iziqu ezingaba ngu-40 cm ukuphakama. Iziqu eziluhlaza obumnyama obumnyama obunamachashaza zimbozwe ngamahlamvu avulekile angabonakali. Ifakwe amahlumela ngeziqu ezinde. Ipuleti lamaqabunga libushelelezi, lingenalutho, limbozwe ngotshani bhaxha we-wax.
Izimbali ezizodwa zilula futhi zimbili. Bangabalimi abenziwe bell futhi bumnandi kulo lonke ihlobo. Izimbali ziqala ngoJuni, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngoMeyi. Isihlahla ngasinye sihlala izinsuku ezingekho ngaphezulu kwezinsuku ezine, ngakho-ke izimbali ezihlala isikhathi eside zichazwa ngokushintsha imibala njalo. Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi izimbali ze-escholia ziyizimbali. Ebusuku nasezimo sezulu esinamafu bayavala.
Ngaphandle, izimbali zifana nopopies omncane noma amabhu. Ama-petals abanzi anendawo ebushelelezi noma esongelwe abekwe endaweni eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Bahlukanisa elula, semi-kabili kanye ne-terry eshols. Ama-petals angafakwa ngopende obomvu, owolintshi, ophuzi noma omhlophe. Ngemuva kwenyanga impova, izithelo ziqala ukuvuthwa - amaphilisi wembewu obunjwe oblong. Zibukeka njengamakhanda ayindilinga, anamanzi afinyelela ku-7 cm ubude. Ngaphakathi kunezinhlamvu eziningi ezincane ezinemibala e-grey brown.
Izinhlobo ze-eschscholzia
Yize kunezinhlobo zezitshalo eziyi-12 sezizonke, ezi-2 zazo zivame kakhulu kusiko. Ukwehlukanisa i-assortment yensimu, izinhlobo eziningi zokuhlobisa ziyafuywa.
I-Eshsholtsiya California (California poppy). Isitshalo esinezimpande ezincane ezinamagatsha anamabala ahlaza amnyama ambozwe ngesimbali eziqhakaza. Ingxenye yezinqubo zezihlahla eziphakemeyo ezingama-40 cm ziphansi emhlabathini. Zonke iziqu zimbozwe ngamaqabunga grey-dissected grey. Izihloko zazo zithweswe umqhele wezimbali zewolintshi ezimise okwendebe enesilinganiso esingaba cm 9. Isikhathi sezimbali siqala maphakathi noJuni futhi sihlala kuze kube yilapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo. Izinhlobo:
- I-Strawberry Fields - izimbali ezibomvu ezibunjiwe obuphindwe kabili ezinomgogodla ophuzi;
- I-Apple iqhakaza - izimbali ezinkulu eziphindwe kabili zombala ogcwele (emaphethelweni amakhethini apendwe ngopinki okhanyayo, futhi enkabeni bayakhanya);
- I-Apricot chiffon - izihlahla eziphakeme ezingama-35-40 ubude zimbozwe izimbali eziphindwe kabili ngezinsimbi ezi-corricated hue;
- I-Mikado - izimbali eziphuzi ezilula ezigqamile ezinobubanzi obungu-6-7 cm ezinomongo okhanyayo we-orange;
- IBallerina - terry eschscholzia enezimbali ezinkulu eziqhakazile ezinobubanzi obungafika ku-15 cm;
- Ukuqhuma kwezithelo - izimbali ezinamaphayini amaningi asongwe zidwetshwe ngemibala egcwele yezimbali eziphuzi, ezibomvana, ezi-raspberry.
I-Eshsholtsiya sod. Isitshalo sonyaka esinotshani esilinganayo. Ukuphakama kwehlumela alidluli ku-15-20 cm. Incwajana eziluhlaza ezivulekile zokukhanya zivuthwa kuma-ralto basal. Ezindongeni ezithambile ezingatheneki kalula, izimbali eziqhakazile eziluhlaza eziqhakaza ziyafika kububanzi obuyi-3 cm. Izimbali ziqala ngoJuni.
Ukutshala imbewu
I-Eshsholtzia isatshalaliswa ngembewu. Abalimi abaningi bayazibuza: ukutshala imbali nini? Ungakwenza lokhu ekwindla (ngoNovemba) ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile. Kulokhu, imbewu izovuselelwa ngemvelo, ihlume kusenesikhathi futhi ukuqhakaza kungenzeka ngoMeyi. Uma izilimo zihlelelwa intwasahlobo, imbewu esanda kukhethwa kufanele ihlanganiswe nesihlabathi, ifakwe ezikhwameni zamaphepha bese igcinwa esiqandisini.
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile, kufanele ukhethe indawo enokhanya kahle enenhlabathi evundile yesihlabathi. Kwenza ama-grooves angajulile futhi azame ukusabalalisa ngokulinganayo imbewu encane. Zimbozwe ungqimba lomhlaba ongu-2-4 cm obukhulu futhi olufakwe nge-peat. Izitshalo ze-Autumn zibuye zimbozwe ngamahlamvu awile.
Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, kungakuhle ukuthi kutshalwe izithombo ngaphambi kokukhula. Le ndlela iyinkimbinkimbi yokuthi iqiniso lokuthi uhlelo oluyimpande lwe-eschscholzia lonakala kalula ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, ngakho-ke kungcono ukukhulisa izithombo ezibhebheni ze-peat. Ekuqaleni kukaMashi, imbewu ngemuva kwamasonto amabili yokuqothuka okubandayo ibekwa ngokucophelela phezu kwethebhulethi le-peat. Isitsha esinamathebulethi sibekwa egumbini elikhanyiswe kahle ekushiseni kwe- + 20 ... + 22 ° C. Izitshalo ezikhulayo ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli ziqala ukuthatha kancane kancane ziye emgwaqweni ukuze ziqiniswe izinsuku eziyi-10-12. Ngemuva kokulungiselela okunjalo, izithombo sezikulungele ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa maphakathi nenyanga kaMeyi.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, udinga ukugaya nokulungisa inhlabathi. I-Peat nesihlabathi ifaka isandla enhlabathini enobumba olunzima. I-Acidity kufanele ingathathi hlangothi noma i-acidic kancane. Inhlabathi ye-acidic ixutshaniswe nefulawa ye-dolomite noma umlotha. Ukutshala i-fossae kwenziwa ngokungashisi ukuze intamo yezimpande itholakale ngaphezulu. Ibanga elifanele phakathi kwezihlahla ezihlakazayo zingama-30 cm noma ngaphezulu.
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo
I-Eschscholzia ayibangeli izinkinga eziningi. Kodwa ukunakekelwa kwesitshalo ngezikhathi ezithile kuyadingeka. Ithanda ukuthambisa ejwayelekile, mhlawumbe kaningana ngesonto. Nisela ngenani elincane loketshezi. Kungcono ukwenza ngenkasa kusihlwa, lapho ilanga lima ukubhaka ngokuqinile. Izinhlobo zomhlobiso zidinga ngokunisela, kepha i-Eshisholtsia soddy ilungele izifunda ezinesomiso esijwayelekile.
Izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka, izitshalo zidinga ukuvundiswa. Entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, kufakwa isisombululo somanyolo we-organic. Ehlobo, enye i-1-2 efaka umquba ngezakhi zamaminerali zezitshalo eziqhakazayo iyenziwa. I-Eschscholzia ingahlushwa ukubuswa kukhula, ngakho-ke awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokhula okuvamile. Ukuvula inhlabathi kuthinta kahle ukukhula nokukhula kwesitshalo, ngoba umoya ungena kangcono ezimpandeni.
Kunconywa ukunquma izimbali ezinqunyiwe ngokushesha, khona-ke endaweni yazo ama-buds amasha azovela kakhulu futhi izimbali ziyohlala isikhathi eside. Ngemuva kokuthena, kwesinye isikhathi kuye kufike ikhefu amasonto ambalwa, kulandelwe igagasi lezimbali eziningi.
Ehlabathini evulekile eschscholzia kuvame ukubekezelela ukushisa okukhulu, kepha kuyazwela isithwathwa. Ibekezelela kuphela amaqhwa amancane wesikhashana esifushane aze afike ku-5 ° C, ngakho-ke, esimweni sezulu esifudumele, izitshalo zivame ukuvuthwa njengezonyaka. Ekwindla, zonke amahlumela zinqunywa, futhi isiza sembiwe. Entwasahlobo, kutshalwa izithombo ezintsha.
Isimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile, isihlahla sinokuhlaselwa ukuhlaselwa kwama-aphid webhontshisi nezithelo zesicabucabu. Ukufafaza izinambuzane kusiza ukunqoba izinambuzane (i-Aktara, Komandor).
Lapho amanzi egcwala emhlabathini, kukhula izimpande kanye ne-Powdery isikhutha. Uma amaqabunga, ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ephenduka aphuzi futhi enyamalala, lokhu kubonisa ukutheleleka ngegciwane. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lwesifo, izitshalo ezonakele kufanele zisuswe futhi zichithwe ukuvimbela ukusakazeka. Ukusuka ekutheleleni kwesikhunta, inhlabathi kanye nokutshala okungomakhelwane kuphathwa nge-fung fung.
Ukuphulukisa izakhiwo
I-Eschscholzia ayihlukaniswa kuphela ngokubukeka kwayo okuhle, kepha futhi nezakhiwo zayo ezizuzisayo. Ijusi lakhe liqukethe ama-alkaloid, ama-flavonoid kanye nodayi. Abesifazane base-Dyes Native American babevame ukudala izimonyo. Izakhi ezisebenzayo ziqukethwe engxenyeni yomhlaba, ezisikwa futhi zomiswe ngenkathi yezimbali.
Ama-alkaloids anemiphumela ye-antispasmodic, sedative and analgesic. Ama-tinctures otshwala, izicucu ze-liquid kanye namaphilisi we-gelatin alungiswa kusuka eschholzia. Emazweni amaningi, i-eschscholzia isetshenziswa kwezokwelapha zendabuko. Ama-lotions ngosizo lwakhe ukuthoba izinyo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kusiza ukudambisa uxinzelelo ngemuva kokubhekana nengcindezi. Futhi, udokotela angabeka i-tincture yabantu abanokuqwasha nezingane ezihlushwa i-envesis.
Imithi ayinayo eye yaphikisana. Akunconyelwe abaphethwe yi-allergy, izingane, kanye nokukhotha kanye nabesifazane abakhulelwe. Ngokuqapha, misela ukwamukela abantu abazibandakanya nemisebenzi edinga ukunakwa okwengeziwe.
Ukusetshenziswa kwengadi
I-Eschscholzia ilungile ekuhlelweni kweqembu ne-solo. Ukuqhakaza okuningana kufana nechibi eliqhakazile noma umhlambi wamanundu abambe uphumule otshanini. Izimbali ezintekenteke zibhebhetheka kahle kusukela ekushayeni komoya omncane. Amabhasi angatshalwa eceleni kwemiphetho yamathrekhi. Izinhlobo ezinwabuzelayo zibukeka kahle ezingadini zamadwala.
Umakhelwane walezi zimbali ezintekenteke kudingeka ukuthi ukhethwe ngokucophelela. Zingahlushwa izitshalo ezinolaka bese zilahleka ngemuva kwesizinda sabamele bezimbali eziqhakaza ngokukhazimulayo. Ungahlanganisa i-eschscholtia nezitshalo zohlelo lombala ofanayo. Hhayi izimbali ezimbi zibukeka nge-salvia, ageratum, lavender nezinhlamvu.
