UPetunia ubhekisela kulawo zitshalo ezingadingi isethulo esikhethekile. Sekuyisikhathi eside le mbali ithandwa ngabalimi abaningi, kokubili ezweni lakithi nasemhlabeni jikelele. Lesi sitshalo siye sagxila kakhulu emakhaleni ethu, emagqabeni, emabhaloni nasefasiteleni esinezandla okungaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi. Futhi lokhu akuyona ingozi: i-petunia ayizithobeki, ikhula ngokushesha futhi iyasijabulisa ngombala wayo oqhakazile kusukela ekuqaleni kwehlobo kuze kube sezulu lokuqala. I-Grandiflora i-grandifolored petunia ihamba kahle iyindlela engcono kakhulu yokunikeza amandla okubambisana okubandayo emadolobheni amakhulu.
Kodwa, naphezu kokulula kwalo, akusibo bonke abalimi bekhaya abazokwazi ukukhulisa isitshalo esinempilo nesipula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici zokuphila kwezinhlobo zezilwane zenza izinguquko zazo emithethweni ejwayelekile yokunakekela le mbali, eyithinta ngokuqondile imiphumela yokutshala isitshalo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuba uthole le mbali, udinga ukuthola ukuthi yini eyaziwa yi-Grandiflora petunia, nokuthi iyini.
Izici nokusetshenziswa kweqembu
I-grandiflora (grandiflora) i-petunia iyisitshalo se-herbaceous esihlala isikhathi eside esine-stem branched. Imbali ingoSananaceae yomndeni futhi yizinhlobo zama-aboriginal ezinxenyeni ezishisayo zamahlathi aseNingizimu Melika.
Uyazi? UPetunia watholwa isosayensi odumile waseFrance nomsunguli wemvelo uJean Baptiste Lamarck. Ezenzweni ezimbi kunazo zonke zensimu: uhlu lwawo ukhula oluvame kakhulu ngo-1793, lo mbuzo weza kumsosayensi ngendlela ye-herbarium, evela e-Uruguay.
Ukuphakama kwe-petunia enkulu-enwetshiwe kuphakathi kuka-20-40 cm, kodwa kunezinhlobo ezingafinyeleleka ubude obungaba ngu-60 cm. Kulesi simo, isiqu singase siqonde, noma sinyakanyaka noma sihlanganiswe kahle. Kuzo zakhiwa amahlumela azungeze umbala ohlaza, ogcwele kakhulu izinwele. Amaqabunga aphelele, ahlukene ngesimo nobukhulu, ahlelwe eceleni embali.
Ukuziqhenya okukhulu kwe-grandiflora yizimbali zayo ezinkulu, ngokuvamile ezingabodwa ezingaba ngu-10-12 cm. Zakhiwa ngezinyawo ezincane, zibe nama-perianths amabili futhi zingaba lula noma zi-terry. Umbala wabo uhlukile. Kunezinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo nezimbali ezivela emthunzini obomvu obomvana kuya obala obomvu, obunama-patch or fringing patches. Ngokuvamile, isikhathi sokubhakabhaka kwe-petunias grandiflora siqala kusukela ngoJuni kuya ekuqaleni kokushisa kwezulu. Ngemuva kokuziqhakaza esihlahleni, umuntu angabona ukubonakala kwebhodlela lesithelo, lapho kuhlanzwa khona imbewu encane emva kokuvuthwa.
Futhi thola mayelana ne-terry ekhulayo, i-ampelnoe, ihlasele i-petunias
I-petunias enkulu kakhulu ihlala ngokufanele enye yezindawo zokuqala ngokubhebhetheka kwezitshalo zokuhlobisa. Lokhu kwaqondiswa ikhono eliyingqayizivele lalezi zinhlobo ukuze zivumelane nezimo ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ezindaweni ezishisayo ezishisayo eziya ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ezibandayo. Kwavela ngenxa yokusebenza kanzima kwezakhi zofuzo eziningi ukuze kuzalwe izinhlobo ezintsha.
I-grandflora i-petunia ekhula ngokuyinhloko iyingxenye ebalulekile yemibhede eminingi yemifula, i-rabatok, i-curbs, i-balconies namakamelo. Izinhlobonhlobo zanamuhla ziye zandisa izimo zendawo zokuhlala kule mbali, okwenza ukuba i-petunias ikhule ngamanqwana anganiselwe ekulengeni amabhasikithi, iziqukathi, izimbiza, njll Kodwa okokuqala, i-petunias inqume indawo yayo emabhukwini, njengomlandeli wezimbali ezincane, noma kwi-mixborder (flowerbed nemingcele yamahhala ehlanganisa izitshalo ezihlukahlukene).
Uyazi? FUPetunia wayebizwa ngokuthi ekuqaleni I-Nicotinia axillaris. Kodwa ngokushesha yaguqulwa yaba Petunia axillaris, kusukela egameni elidala lesiBrazil elithi "Petun", okusho ukuthi "ugwayi".
Izinhlobo
I-petunias enkulu kakhulu eyaziwa ngobuningi bezinhlobonhlobo eziboshwe iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi. Phakathi kwenani lezinhlamvu ezingenakubalwa, izinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela zijabulela ukukhangiswa okukhethekile phakathi kwabalimi. AmaHybri adumile ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yezimpawu zokuzijabulisa nezomzimba, okwenza kube lula ukuhlakulela i-petunia ngaphandle kokubunzima okuningi. Sinikeza incazelo emfushane ngezinhlobo ezimbalwa eziphumelelayo.
Uyazi? Abazalisi banamuhla bakwazi ukuletha izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-petunia, ekwazi ukukhula ekushiseni kwe -4 ° C. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukwandisa uhla olukhulayo lwale mbali, futhi wenza kube lula ukujabulela izimbali ze-petunias endaweni yesimo sezulu esifudumele kuze kube sekuqaleni kwamaqhwa.
Petunia Grandiflora "Amaphupho": kutshalwa yi-Pan American. Lesi sitshalo sibonisa ukumelana okukhuphuka kwezimo ezimbi zemvelo, kuhlanganise nokushisa okuphansi. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zihlotshaniswa nochungechunge lwezinhlamvu ezinhlanu, ezihlukaniswa ukuhlanganiswa kwazo, ukuhamba okuphansi nokuhambisana kahle kakhulu komunye nomunye. Izimbali ezinhlobonhlobo ikakhulukazi ezimhlophe, ezimhlophe, ezibomvu nezibomvu.
Petunia Grandiflora "Aladdin": isitshalo esibumbene esinezinga eliphakeme elingaphezu kuka-40 cm nobuningi bemifino engaba ngu-10 cm. Izinhlobonhlobo zihlanganisa hybrids eziningana ezinezimbali ezihlukahlukene ezimbala ezimhlophe, ezibomvu, ezibomvu nezikhanyayo ezibomvu. Ama-hybridi aqala ukuqhakaza kusasa, kodwa isikhathi sokuqhakaza siyaqhubeka kuze kube khona ukushona okujulile kokushisa. Izinhlobonhlobo kuhle ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, nokutshala ebhodweni.
UPetunia Grandiflora "uLimbaugh G. P": isizukulwane esisha se-petunias hybrid esivela kwinkampani yeLimbo. Izitshalo zingaphansi kwesisindo (kuze kube ngu-20 cm ukuphakama), kodwa ziphumelela kahle ekuqondeni okuhamba phambili, ngenxa yalokho okufakwe khona amahlathi amakhulu. Lesi sici sikuvumela ukuba usebenzise inamba encane yezitshalo ngamamitha ayikwele ngayinye ekwakheni imibhede yembali. Izimbali ezihlukahlukene kakhulu esikhathini eside. Ububanzi bombala bububanzi be-pink shades (i-coral, i-salmon). Izimbali ububanzi azidluli 12 cm.
Izithombo ezikhulayo
Ukusabalalisa okubanzi kwe-petunias emikhulu kunobangela ukungqubuzana okuningi kanye nemibiko ephikisanayo mayelana nendlela yokukhulisa kahle lesi sitshalo kusuka kumbewu nokuthi ngabe uyayenza yini, ngoba ukuthola izithombo zekhwalithi kuyinkinga enzima kakhulu. Ukuhlanganisa yonke into ekhona "ye" nangokuthi "ngokumelene", singasho ukuthi i-petunia, nakuba imbali engacabangi, kodwa ukunakekelwa nokutshala izithombo zezitshalo zalezi zinhlobo akuyona umsebenzi olula. Namuhla sizozama ukudalula zonke izimfihlo zale nqubo futhi sihlinzeke ngolwazi ukuze ukulima kwezithombo akunzima, ngisho nabaqalayo.
Isikhathi esiphelele
Uma ungumlimi wezitshalo owaziwa kahle futhi unekhono lobuchwepheshe lokugcizelela izithombo ze-petunia, ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo ukuze uqhubeke utshalwe endaweni evulekile kungenziwa ngoFebhuwari. Uma ungenalo ithuba, Izitshalo ezikhulayo zale mbali zivame ukuqala ukusondela entwasahlobo nokushisa.engxenyeni yesibili kaMashi. Ukugcinwa kwezinsuku zokutshala okuqinile kuzokusiza ukuthola isitshalo esinempilo, esifanele isikhathi eside. Endabeni yokutshala imbali ngezinhloso zasendlini, kungenzeka ukuhluma imbewu nganoma isiphi isikhathi sonyaka.
Kuzoba usizo kuwe ukuthi ufunde konke mayelana nezimfihlo ze-petunia umanyolo.
Amandla nomhlabathi
Ukuze uthole izithombo, inhlabathi yokuhlwanyela kufanele ibe yinto evulekile, ingabi nkulu. Kumele futhi kuqaphele ukuthi kukhanya futhi ekubunjweni kwayo kubalwa inani elidingekayo lezakhi zokukhiqiza kwezitshalo. Sikukwazisa ukuba ulungise i-substrate kanje: i-peat, i-turf noma i-leaf mohlabathi kanye ne-humus ebolile ixutshwe ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo, isamba esincane sesihlabathi singezwe engxenyeni (kuze kube ngu-20% we-mass mass).
Isinyathelo esibalulekile ukukhetha amandla okuhluma imbewu. Ukuhluma kwezinhlobo ze-petunia akudingi iziqukathi ezinkulu, ngenxa yalesi sizathu izitsha ezincane noma i-cassette ekhethekile yezitshalo ezifanelekile. Ungasebenzisa futhi izinkomishi zepulasitiki ezilula. Into esemqoka ukulandela umthetho olula kodwa obalulekile: ukuthola izithombo ezinkulu ze-petunia, ukuphakama kwesitsha kufanele kube ngo-10-15 cm.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu
Imbewu yokuhlwanyela yenziwa kanje:
- elungiselelwe ukuhluma engaphansi kwelanga, i-substrate igcwele isitsha esikhethekile. Isikebhe akufanele sigcwaliswe ngokuphelele, kuze kube manje-kulesi sigaba kuyadingeka ukuthi ushiye okungenani i-20% yesikhala samahhala somthamo wenjini yonke;
- khona-ke yonke inhlabathi ixubha ngesihlungo esihle futhi ithululelwe phezu kwesihluthulelo esikhulu, isendlalelo esingaba ngu-1 cm. Kubalulekile ukuba imbewu ihlanganise ngendlela efanayo, ukuhluma kwayo kokugcina kuxhomeke kuyo;
- Imbewu yePetunia ixubene nengxenye encane yesihlabathi esomile, emva kwalokho ihlwanyelwa enhlabathini elungiselelwe esitsheni segesi futhi isiswe;
- ngemuva kokuba imbewu isetshenziswe ku-tank yokuhluma, kufanele ithululelwe ngokugcwele futhi ihlanganiswe nefilimu ebonakalayo noma ingilazi.
Kubalulekile! Kubalulekile ukuhlwanyela imbewu ye-petunia nge-stock. Ngenxa yosuku oluncane olusenyakatho ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, izinga labo lokuhluma linciphisa izikhathi eziningana, ngakho-ke izinga lembewu eliboniswe umenzi emaphaketheni linconywa ukuba liphindwe kabili.
Izimo zokuhluma
Ukuze uhlume ngempumelelo imbewu ye-grandiflora petunias, kuyadingeka qinisekisa ukushisa okuvamile okungenani + 20 ° C. Uma kwenzeka unethuba elingavamile lokunikeza izithombo ezizayo ngokushisa okuphakeme, sikukwazisa ukuba ukhethe umbuso wokushisa ophakathi kuka-26-28 ° C. Ezimweni ezinjalo, imbewu izohluma ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje kuphela, kepha ezindaweni eziphakeme eziphakemeyo kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi ayilahlekelwa umswakama wayo, futhi uma kunesidingo, ngaphezu kwalokho manzi amanzi e-substrate.
Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo
Ngemuva kwesonto, imbewu ihluma futhi ihlumela elihlaza elikhanyayo livela kubo. Kusukela lapha, izithombo kufanele zinikezwe ngokukhanya. Kulokhu Kungcono ukuthwala ibhodlela eduze kwefasitela, emithonjeni yemvelo yokukhanya. Ungasebenzisa izibani ezikhethekile zezithombo. Kulesi simo, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka amahlumela ngamahora angaba ngu-12 okukhanyisa njalo, lokhu kuzothuthukisa inqubo yokuhluma izikhathi eziningana. Kungcono ukuhlinzeka ukukhanya okuhlakazekile, ngoba abakwazi ukumelana nemisebe eqondile futhi yomile (ikakhulukazi emithonjeni yokukhanya yemvelo).
Kanti futhi phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kubalulekile ukunikeza umswakama ophezulu, ngoba lezi zitshalo ziyanisela futhi zimanzi nsuku zonke nge-sprayer yesandla. Akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi umswakama ngokweqile kungaholela ezifweni ezibolile, ngakho-ke amahlumela adingeka ukuba avezwe ngenye indlela yokunciphisa ezindongeni zefilimu noma ingilazi.
Izithombo ezinzima
Ukutshala izithombo ebhodweni noma emhlabathini ovulekile uma ufinyelela usayizi oyifunayo ngaphandle kokuqina kanzima kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele. Ngenxa yokuthi lesi sitshalo sehlume ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okuphezulu kanye nomswakama, ukwehla okujulile emanzini nokushisa kuzoholela ekufeni kwezimbali. Ngakho-ke, kufanele baqeqeshe ngokujulile. Ngalokhu, ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa kancane kancane izinga lokushisa endaweni yazo kuleyo edingekayo, kuyilapho kubalulekile ukuvikela izithombo emanzini okushisa okungazelelwe. Kubalulekile futhi ukulungisa izitshalo zomoya omile we-latitude yethu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ukushayela nsuku zonke amahlumela kusukela emaminithini ambalwa kancane kancane kwanda amahora amaningana, bese ususa ngokuphelele isivinini sokuzivikela.
Ukutshala izithombo kusayithi
Emva kwamapheshana 3-4 amafomu, i-petunias isilungele ukutshala nokubanakekela endle. Le nqubo ayinzima ngisho nokuqala. Kodwa-ke, kunezimfihlo eziningana ezizosiza ukwenza kube lula, ukwandise ukusebenza kahle kwezitshalo ze-rooting nokunciphisa zonke izingozi zezitshalo ezilimazayo.
Kubalulekile! Ukutshala umhlabathi ngomquba ngaphambi kokutshala i-petunias akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele. Le umanyolo cishe ngamacala angu-100% yiyona imbangela yesifo sefungal of flowers.
Isikhathi esiphelele
Ukutshala kwezithombo ze-petunia kwenziwa kuphela uma zonke izinhlayiya zokushisa zasebusuku ezibukhali zihlala ngemuva. Kule nkathi engcono kakhulu kuyoba ukuphela kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni.
Ukukhethwa kwendawo
Ukutshala kwe-petunia kwenziwa ezindaweni ezivulekile ngaphandle kokhula kanye nesilinganiso esanele selanga. Kungcono kakhulu kulensimu ye-loamy noma enesihlabathi enezinga elanele lokuzala. Ezincwadini ezikhethekile, kuvame ukululeka ukuba uthuthukise umhlabathi ngezakhi zomzimba ezengeziwe ngokusizwa ngamanyolo emvelaphi yemvelo (umquba noma i-humus). I-petuni ezinkulu-ezinamanzi azibekezelelanga ama-draftsNgakho-ke, kufanelekile ukunakekelwa ukuthi izimbali zitholakala ngemuva kocingo noma umgoqo ovela kwezinye izitshalo.
Inqubo kanye nohlelo
Isikhathi sakusihlwa noma usuku oludonswayo lufanelekile ukufika. njengoba imisebe yelanga esebenzayo ingalimaza i-petunia epholile. Ukuze ungalimazi isitshalo, kuyadingeka ukuba unganise futhi unciphise i-substrate yokuhluma ngaphambi kokukususa. Kuyadingeka ukuthatha ipulazi ngokucophelela: ngenxa yalokhu, bayithatha ngeqabunga eliphezulu, bakhonze nge-wand bese bekhipha.
Kubalulekile! Ngemuva kokukhipha isithombo kumathangi okuhluma, akuvunyelwe ukugubha inhlabathi kusukela ezimpandeni, ngoba lokhu kungalimaza uhlelo oluyimpande lwehlumela.
Emhlabathini olungiselelwe futhi ovuthwe umbhede wembali, izimbobo ezincane zenziwe; ibanga eliphakathi kwabo akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-15-20 cm, uma kungenjalo isitshalo ngeke sikwazi ukudala isihlahla esihle esimweni esifanele. Emva kokutshala nxazonke le-trunk, kubalulekile ukudala ukujula okuncane emhlabathini, okuzogcina umswakama okudingekayo eduze nesitshalo. Ekupheleni kwenqubo, udinga ukuthulula amanzi amaningi.
Amathiphu Okunakekela
Ukukhula kwe-petunias kuyinkambo elula engadingi amathuluzi akhethekile ezobuchwepheshe nolwazi lwesayensi, kodwa ukufeza izimbali zomkhathi. Kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho ethile yokunakekelwa. ngemuva kwakhe.
Futhi, ukufeza izimbali ze-petunias ezide isikhathi eside, lezo zifaka umquba zisetshenziswa njengalokhu: "Impumulo", i-HB-101, i- "Mortar", i- "Kemira", "i-BioMaster", "i-Master", i- "Plantafol"
Ukunisela
I-Petunia grandiflora iyinhlobo yemvelo enomswakama.ezingavumi ukubekezelela isomiso, ngakho-ke kudingeka udinga imbali ngokukhululeka, kubaluleke kakhulu esikhathini esishisayo sasehlobo. Inqubo ivame ukuqhutshwa kabili ngosuku, ekuseni nakusihlwa. Ezikhathini ezinomile ikakhulukazi, lesi sitshalo sizokubonga uma umnika ishado noma umswakama owengeziwe ngefrayimu. Ngesikhathi sezinga eliphansi lokushisa ebusuku (ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi nasekuqaleni kukaSeptember), akufanelekile ukuchelela i-petunia ebusuku, njengoba lokhu kungaholela ekugqithiseni ngokweqile uhlelo lwempande.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Lesi sitshalo asidingi ukudla okuningi, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izimbali ziyinkqubo edinga izakhi ezengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uzuze ukugqama okukhulu kwemibala futhi ukwandise le nkathi kubanda, kufanele unakekele ukondla okwengeziwe. Kule njongo, u-"Agricol" uphelele izitshalo zezimbali, "Aelita-flower" noma ezifanayo. I-nitrate elula ye-potassium nayo iboniswe kahle kakhulu. Ukulinganisa kanye nokuvama kokusetshenziswa kumele kugcinwe ngokuya ngemiyalelo yomkhiqizi.
Ukudubula
Ukuze kuzuzwe ukwakha izimbali ezintsha phakathi nenkathi efudumele, i-petunia kufanele ihlale igwetshiwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ama-inflorescences endala anezimbalwa ezincane nezimbali ezilukhuni zisuswe ngezingcweti ezivamile zensimu noma izingcweti. Uma ukuvunwa njalo kwembali kungenziwa, lesi sitshalo sizophonsa wonke amandla ukwakha imbewu, okuzokwenza ukuthi maduzane ukugcwaliswa kwezimbali.
U-Grandiflora Petunia uyisipho sangempela esivela emvelweni kanye nabalimi abanolwazi. Lelimbali likhanyayo, lihle futhi alifani nanoma yisiphi esinye isitshalo. Yingakho eshesha ngokushesha ukunqoba imibhede yasekhaya, ama-balconi kanye nefasitela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulula ezimweni zokunakekelwa nokuhlala, kanye nokuchichima kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kwenza kube uhlobo olufanele kunoma yiziphi izinhloso zezimbali.
