Bonke abathandi bomamatamatisi abathandekayo nabanomsoco bayokujabulela ukuzijabulisa nge-hybrid ethi "Leo Tolstoy". Kufanelekile ukukhula endaweni yokushisa noma emhlabathini ngaphansi kwefilimu, izithelo zinkulu, ezikhanyayo, ezihlwabusayo kakhulu. Utamatisi we-sung angadliwa fresh noma asetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-juice, amasoso namazambane ahlambulukile.
Uma unesithakazelo kulezi zinhlobonhlobo zamatamatisi, funda kabanzi mayelana nakho esihlokweni sethu. Kuyo sizokutshela ngezici zokulima, futhi mayelana nezici eziyinhloko.
Utamatisi "Tolstoy" F1: incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo
I-hybrid yokukhethwa kweRussia isusiwe ukulima kuzo zonke izifunda. Utamatisi atshalwa phansi ngaphansi kwefilimu noma ku-greenhouse, kuye ngokuthi indawo yezulu. Izithelo ezivunwe kahle zigcinwe, ukuhamba kungenzeka. Utamatisi, uthathwe esigabeni sokuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe, uvuthwe ngokushesha ekhaya.
Lezi zihlukahlukene yi-hybrid yesizukulwane sokuqala, engathobekile ezimweni zokuboshwa. Isihlahla sinquma, kufikela ku-130 cm high. Isitshalo esihlanganisayo, esiqinile asidingi ukuba sigwetshiwe futhi siboshwe. Lesi sitshalo sakha inani elilinganiselwe lokulima. I-mid-early hybrid, i-fruiting iqala ngo-110-115 ngosuku. Ukusuka ehlathini elilodwa ungathatha 2.5-3 kg utamatisi.
Phakathi kwezinzuzo eziyinhloko ezihlukahlukene:
- isivuno esihle;
- izithelo ezinamanzi ezinomsoco onomnandi omnandi kanye nephunga elimnandi;
- ukumelana nezifo ezinkulu ze-nightshade;
- ukumelana okubandayo;
- i-compact bush engadingi isitatimende nokuhlanganisa ukusekelwa.
Kukhona neze amaphutha ezinhlobonhlobo. Abanye balimi bayiqaphele ukuthi ama-ovari ambalwa afaka ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezibi. Izinhlobonhlobo zizwela ekunciphiseni komsoco wenhlabathi.
Izici zesithelo:
- Izithelo ziyingayizi ephakathi. Eqoqweni lokuqala, utamatisi uvame ukukhudlwana, ufinyelele ku-500 g. Utamatisi asele ancane, 200-300 g ngamunye.
- Ukuvusa kuyaqhubeka phakathi nonyaka.
- Utamatisi ovuthiwe unombala obomvu obomvu, umumo uyisigodi, ugibele kancane.
- Isikhumba esincane kakhulu sivikela utamatisi ekuqhekekeni.
- Ezithelweni zamakamelo ama-5-6, inyama iyamanzi, iyamnandi kakhulu.
- Ukunambitheka kucebile kakhulu. Abanye baqhathanisa ukunambitheka kwetamatisi nge-ikhabethe.
- Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-ushukela ne-beta-carotene kwenza isithelo sikholele ingane nokudla kokudla.
Isaladi ehlukahlukene, efanelekayo ukupheka izitsha zangaphandle, izitsha ezishisayo, isobho, amasoso namazambane ahlambulukile. Izithelo ezivuthiwe ziveza ijusi elimnandi nelithambile, elihle ekudleni kwezingane.
Isithombe
Ungabona izithelo zamatamatisi "Leo Tolstoy" esithombeni:
Izici zokukhula
Imbewu yezithombo ihlwanyelwa ngoMashi nangaphambi kuka-Ephreli. Ukutshala usebenzisa inhlabathi elula ngokuphendula okungathathi hlangothi. Ukwakhiwa okuhle - ingxube yensimu noma umhlaba we-sod nge-humus noma i-peat. Ukwehluleka okukhulu, umhlabathi wetshezi wetshe noma i-vermiculite wanezelwa enhlabathini. Ukudla okunomsoco kuyokwandisa umthamo omncane we-superphosphate noma umuthi wokhuni.
Imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela ichithelwa i-disinfected ngesisombululo se-hydrogen peroxide noma i-potassium permanganate, bese isetshenziselwa ukugqugquzela ukukhula kwamahora angu-10-12. Imbewu elungiselelwe futhi eyomile ihlwanyela ngokujula kwe-1.5 cm futhi igcwele ifilimu. Ukushisa okuhle kokuhluma kungama-degrees angu-25. Ngemva kokuhluma, izithombo ziyiswa endaweni ekhanyayo: e-windows sill, ebheke eningizimu, noma ngaphansi kwezibane ezinamandla kagesi.
Ngemuva kokuqala kuka-2-3 kulawa maqabunga, izithombo zifakwe ezimbizeni ezihlukene. Emva kokufakelwa isitshalo, ukufaka umanyolo kwenziwa nge-complex fertilizer fertilizer. Ukuphuza izithombo kulinganiselwe, kusetshenziselwa amanzi afudumele kuphela, ahleliwe. Ukuze izithombo zikhule ngokulinganayo, izimbiza zezithombo ziphenduka njalo. Izimila ezihloswe ukutshala emhlabathini, udinga kanzima. Zithathwa ngaphandle, zikhuphula kancane kancane isikhathi sayo emgwaqeni. Ngezinsuku ezifudumele, izithombo zingasichitha usuku lonke ebhaleni noma ensimini.
Ukufika emhlabathini noma ku-greenhouse kwenzeka ngoMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJune. Ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi ikhululiwe ngokucophelela, umanyolo we-potash phosphate kanye nohlaka lwamapulangwe (isipuni esingu-1 ngasinye esihlahleni) sisetshenziswe emthonjeni ngamunye. Izihlahla zitshalwe nge-interval of 40 cm, ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa - 60 cm. Ngemuva kokutshala izitshalo ziphuziswa ngamanzi afudumele. Ukuphuza okuqhubekayo kulinganisela, isikhathi esingu-1 ezinsukwini ezingu-6-7. Utamatisi awubekezeleli umswakama omile emhlabathini, kodwa futhi awuthandi isomiso. Ukunisela kuyenzeka ngemuva kokuba isisindo sezulu soma kancane.
Ngenkathi yonyaka, kunconywa izikhathi ezingu-3-4 ukutshala izitshalo nge-fertilizer eyinkimbinkimbi ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-phosphorus ne-potassium. Emva kokuqala kwesikhathi sokubhakabhaka, umquba we-nitrogenous awukwazi ukusetshenziswa, okwenza kube nokukhululeka okukhulu kwamaqanda. Izithelo zivunwa njengoba zivuthwa futhi zihlala zonke ihlobo. Esikhathini sokushisa, ama-ovari akhiwa ngaphambi kweqhwa, izithelo zokugcina zingavuthwa ekhaya.
Izinambuzane nezifo
Njengama-hybrids amaningi, uLeo Leo Tolstoy ujwayele izifo ezithile ezijwayelekile: i-fusarium, ukulimala okuphuzile, nokubola okumpunga. Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwesandulela ngculaza kuzokusiza ukuqubuka kwenhlabathi ngesisombululo esinamandla se-potassium permanganate noma i-sulfate yethusi. Kunconywa ukutshala utamatisi emhlabathini, owawuthatha ama-legumes, ama-herbs aqoshiwe, iklabishi noma izaqathe. Esikhathini sokushisa, isihloko sezulu sivuselelwa minyaka yonke.
Izwe eliphakathi kwemigqa kufanele lihlanganiswe ne-peat noma utshani, lokhu kuzokuvikela izitshalo kusukela ekukhanyeni kwelanga futhi ku-blackleg. Ukusuka ezifweni ezifungayo kuvumela ukuqhuma njalo kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo zokugcina, kanye nokuphalaza okuvamile kwesitshalo ngekhambi elimhlophe elimhlophe eliyi-potassium permanganate noma i-phytosporin ehlanjululwe. Izitshalo ezigulayo kufanele zibhujiswe ngokushesha. Njengoba kuthathwa izinyathelo zokuvimbela ngesikhathi esifanele, ingozi yokutheleleka kwetamatisi incishisiwe.
Ukuhlolwa njalo kwezitshalo kuzosiza ekuvimbeleni izinambuzane. Utamatisi usongelwa yi-slugs ze-naked, i-aphid, i-whitefly, i-thrips, izibungu zesicabucabu.
Ezindaweni ezivulekile, izitshalo zithinta ama-Colorado nesibhakabhaka. Ukuze ususe ama-slugs nezibungu zamabhungane, ungasebenzisa isisombululo esinama-ammonia. Izitshalo ezithinteka ngama-aphid zigezwa ngamanzi ashisayo sosizi, futhi umuthi ubhujiswe ngosizo lwezinambuzane. Kubalulekile ukungavumeli izidakamizwa ezinobuthi emhlabathini, izimbali nezithelo.
"Leo Tolstoy" iyi-hybrid ethakazelisayo futhi enenzuzo, okufanelekile ukukhula hhayi kuphela abahlangenwe nakho kodwa futhi nabalimi be-novice. Ukutshala utamatisi ku-abamba ukushisa, ukondla njalo nokuvimbela izifo kusiza ukufeza isivuno esihle. Nge-agrotechnology efanele, ngeke kube nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene, amaphutha amancane avunyelwe ngempela.
