Abantu abakhula imifino ensimini yabo bavame ukubhekana nezifo zabo ezihlukahlukene. Utamatisi awutholakali futhi ungathinteka yi-Alternaria, okubangela isifo esifana ne-Alternaria.
Cabanga esihlokweni sethu ukuthi siyini nokuthi singaphatha kanjani lesi sifo.
Incazelo
Alternaria - isifo esinamanye amagama: i-macrosporosis, indawo emnyama, indawo eyomile. Kuyinto isifo esiyingozi futhi evamile of utamatisi.
I-Alternaria ivela kuzo zonke izitho ezingenhla ezingenhla, kusukela ekuqaleni bese zihamba phezulu. On utamatisi ezikhulayo ku-greenhouse, amabala amhlophe emaqabunga angabonakala kaningi. 
Amabala okuzungeza amamitha angaba ngu-7 mm ububanzi avela endaweni yokulimala. Kamuva badonseleka futhi bangafinyelela ku-17 mm. Esikhathini esilandelayo, amaqabunga ayafa lapho izindawo ezikhuthele zihlanganisa futhi zimboze iningi lamaqabunga, futhi ziqala ukumbozwa emanzini aphezulu.
Ngendlela yokukhala amabala amade, lesi sifo sibonakale kuma-petioles, futhi amabala avela emigqumeni, ehlanganiswe ngengubo evelele futhi enomjikelezo ocacile. Kamuva izicubu ziyafa - iziqu kanye ne-petioles zoma, bese ziphule. Ngeziqhamo ngokwazo zibonakala zigcwele izindawo eziseduze eduze nesitshalo, nge-plaque emnyama. I-fungus ikwazi ukungena ngokujulile futhi ishaye imbewu. Ziba mnyama futhi zilahlekelwe ukuhluma kwazo. Utamatisi awela phansi, engakafiki isikhathi sokuvuthwa. Noma ngokuphambene, zivuthwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo zinomzimba omncane.
I-alternarioz utamatisi, ungabona esithombeni ngezansi. 
Uyazi? Utamatisi ungowomndeni we-nightshade futhi uyisihlobo esiseduze samazambane kanye nogwayi.
Izimbangela kanye ne-pathogen
I-agent causative ye-Alternaria ingu-Alternaria solani Sorauer. Le fungus isakazeka ngamabutho emimoya futhi ikhuphuke ngokufudumele emanzini okushisa ama-25-27 ° C.
Cabanga ngalokho okungu-Alternaria alternata. Ummeleli wefungi isikhunta esakha ama-spores. Le fungus itholakala kuphela ezithelo ezivuthiwe ezonakalisiwe, ama-frostbite noma isikhathi eside esilondolozwe. 
Izimbangela ze-utamatisi ukutheleleka:
- ehlobo elishisayo, izinguquko ekushiseni kwesikhashana kanye nobusuku kuthinta ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo;
- imvula evame ukusiza ekukhuleni okusebenzayo kwe-fungus;
- umonakalo owenziwe ngomshini ukhuthaza ukutheleleka;
- umthombo wokutheleleka izitshalo noma imbewu;
- Inhlabathi engcolile ibangela izifo zezitshalo.
Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu ye-tomato, kubalulekile ukuwacubungula kahle ukugwema izifo zesikhungo.
Izinhlobo eziphikisayo
Izinhlobo ezizinzile zihlanganisa:
- I-Aurora F1;
- Ray;
- I-Sanka;
- Ithemba F1;
- Liang;
- I-Golden Bullet;
- Alex hybrids.
Funda indlela yokubhekana namazambane alternaria.
Izimpawu zokuqala nezingozi
Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo zibhekwa esigabeni sokutshala izithombo emhlabathini. I-Alternaria ibonakala ngendlela yamabala amancane kumaqabunga aphansi emasiko. Isikhathi sokugxilwa kwe-agent causative cishe izinsuku ezingu-3. Futhi-ke uqala ukukhula nokusabalalisa.
Lesi sifo kubhekwa njengengozi, njengoba sithinta kancane kancane isiko lonke, uma isikhathi singaqala ukwelashwa. I-Alternariosis idala ukufa kuka-85% wezitshalo zetamatato.
Uyazi? Embusweni waseRussia, utamatisi wabonakala ngekhulu le-XVIII. Ekuqaleni kwakhuliswa njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa.
Ukwelashwa kwe-blotch eyomile
Ukwelashwa kwe-tomato macrosporosis ukwelashwa kwamasiko namafungicides. Kunconywa ukuba uphathe isitshalo lapho izimpawu zokuqala zesifo zivela.
Cabangela ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma amabala amhlophe avela emaqabunga o-utamatisi. I-fungicides yesenzo sokuxhumana, njenge-Antracol 70 WG, iDitan M-45, inika umphumela omuhle. Futhi futhi izidakamizwa ezinhlelweni zokusiza, ezifana "Flint", "Infinity", "Kvadris", "Ridomil Gold MC". Ukwelapha kufanele kwenziwe njalo emavikini amabili. Ngesikhathi sonyaka kunconywa ukuthi uphefa isivuno izikhathi 3-4. 
Funda futhi mayelana nokuthi ungasusa kanjani i-fusarium, isikhumba se-powdery, ukubola okuphezulu, i-phytophthora ku-utamatisi.
Ukuvimbela
Ungavimbela ukuvela kwe-Alternaria, uma:
- ususe zonke izinsalela zezitshalo emhlabathini emva kokuvuna;
- disinfect inhlabathi;
- yenza umanyolo wamaminerali oqukethe i-potassium enhlabathini;
- isikhathi sokubhubhisa izitshalo ezithathelwanayo;
- khetha izinhlobo eziphikisana nesifo;
- ukuphuza isitshalo empandeni, ukubopha izinhlobo ezide, ususe amaqabunga omngcele ophansi;
- bheka ukujikelezwa kwezitshalo.
Kubalulekile! Akunakwenzeka ukutshala utamatisi endaweni lapho amazambane, ama-eggplants, iklabishi kanye nopelepele bekhula ngaphambili.
Ukuze uvimbele isifo sikamatamatisi, kunconywa ukuba uhlakaze isiko ngamalungiselelo ephilayo, njengeTrochodermine, ne-Fitosporin, ngisho nangaphambi kokuvela kwe-Alternaria. Uma ulandela yonke imithetho lapho utshalwa utamatisi futhi uhambelana nezinyathelo zokuvimbela, khona-ke akukho zifo zamatamatisi azibi kakhulu.
