Phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi ze-sweet cherry "i-Bryansk Pink" inendawo ekhethekile.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zavela kungekudala kakhulu kwiRejista YaseRussia, kodwa ngenxa yokudla kwezithelo nokubukeka kwazo, itholakala kumasayithi amaningi amadija amateur namuhla.
Sizokutshela okuningi mayelana nezici zayo nendlela yokutshala nokunakekela isihlahla.
Incazelo ye-Bryansk Pink sweet cherry ehlukahlukene - izici ezihlukile
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zatholakala ngenxa yemizamo yabososayensi beScientific Research Institute okuthiwa yiLyupin, phakathi kwalabo abalimi abadumile njengo-A.I. Astakhov no-M.V. Kanshin. Ukuzalanisa izinhlobo "Bryansk Pink" zase zisetshenziswe izithombo of cherry "Muscat Black", eyaziwa ngegama elinye - "Negritenok". Kusukela ngo-1993, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zeBryansk Pink zithole ukwakhiwa kwayo ikakhulukazi esifundeni esiPhakathi.
Izici zeBryansk Pink sweet cherry amajikijolo
Izithelo zalezi ezihlukahlukene ngesimo esivuthiwe bafinyelela ubukhulu obuphakathi. Izisindo zazo zisuka ku-4 kuya ku-5.5 amagremu. Ukuphakama kwamajikijolo ngokwesilinganiso ngamamitha amabili, ububanzi - 2.1. Ukuma kuyinto enamathele ngendonga efanayo, eyenza ubukeka buhle kakhulu. Zibonakala ngombhobho ophakathi nendawo, isitshalo esiphakathi ngobude nobukhulu. Umbala oyinhloko wesikhumba sesithelo u-pink, kukhona iphethini ephathekayo ephathekayo phezu kobuso bonke berry.
Inyama iluphuzi embala. Isakhiwo se-pulp sinomsoco futhi sinamanzi, okubhekene nokuqhekeka. Ijusi yezithelo ayibalabala futhi cishe libala. Ngokunambitheka bayathandeka kakhulu. Amathrekhi aqeqeshiwe alinganise amaphuzu angu-4.1. I-gramu 100 yezithelo iqukethe cishe u-14.2 mg we-vitamin C, okwenza kube usizo kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni.
Futhi isilinganiso sama-asidi ushukela ekwakhiweni kwezinto eziphilayo ze-cherries kuboniswa njenge-1:20. Ngendlela, ngokusho kwenhloso yabo, amajikijolo ayawo wonke umhlaba, angafaneleki kuphela ukusetshenziselwa ukubhala okusha, kodwa futhi nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokulondolozwa.
I-Bone eduze namajikijolo Izinhlobonhlobo "I-Bryansk Pink" inomumo ovoid, ophezulu nesisekelo. Ilinganisa isilinganiso sama-gramu angu-0.27, okulingana no-7.3% we-mass inani lamajikijolo. Ihluke embala ombala obomvu kanye nesilinganiso esiphakathi sokuhlukaniswa kusuka emgqonyeni.
Incazelo yezici ezihlukile zomuthi
Umuthi wezinhlobonhlobo ukhula kancane, kodwa ngomnyaka wesihlanu ungena emtholampilo wokuqala. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, sinesayizi eliphakathi. Crown Sweet Inombono omkhulu we-pyramidal, unamagatsha amakhulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagatsha aphakanyiswa nge-angle ephawulekayo ku-trunk, okwenza izinga eliphakeme lokukhulisa umqhele. Iqukethe izakhi eziningi ezithelayo, ezikulezi zinhlobonhlobo zamasundu amaxhaphozi.
Isivuno somuthi izinhlobo "i-Bryansk Pink" isilinganiso, ngenxa yobukhulu besithamo nezithelo. Ukuvuna okuvuthiwe kwezithelo ezivuthiwe ehektheleni ngalinye kungama-centralized angu-55, kodwa inani eliphakeme leminyaka elihle liyi-cent cent. Phakathi nenkathi yezimbali, umuthi ungena ngasekupheleni, okubuye kubangele ukuvuthwa kakhulu kwamajikijolo. Umuthi awukwazi ukuzitholela impova.
Izici ezihlukile zamahlumela
Intsha cherry amahlumela "I-Bryansk Pink", ekhula ngamandla kakhulu ngesikhathi esivundile, ibuye ibe nebushelelezi. Umbala usuhlaza obunzima. Ama-buds, akhiwa emahlumela, angama-medium medium futhi avunyelwe esikhathini sokutshala, kanti i-oval esikhathini sokukhiqiza. I-Petiole inebukhulu obuphakathi, ifinyelelwe., Ihlanganiswe ngokugqunywa kwe-pigmentation. Amaqabunga amakhulu futhi aluhlaza okombala.
I-Inflorescenceseyakhiwe emagatsheni asezimbali, iqukethe ikakhulukazi izimbali ezintathu. Izimbali zincane kakhulu, zine-rim-shaped rim. Ama-flower petals awahlangani, ahlukaniswa nombala omhlophe weqhwa. I-calyx yembali yalolu hlobo lwe-cherry ingilazi yamehlo. Isici esivelele sezimbali yizona pistils kanye eside stamens.
Izimfanelo ezinhle ezihlukahlukene
Abalimi bezitshalo bazibiza ngesithunzi esikhulu sezinto ezihlukahlukene ukukhula okuvimbekile kwesihlahla, okuyinto eminyakeni yokuqala yokufrulela inikeza okungaphezu kwamandla ayo hhayi ekukhuleni kwamagatsha kanye namahlumela, kodwa ukulimala. Futhi, isihlahla kanye nezimbali zalo ziba nezinga elihle lokumelana nobusika kanye nezinhlobo zama-frosts. Enye inzuzo ye-Bryansk Pink sweet cherry tree yizinga eliphakeme lokuzinza kwesiqu kanye namagatsha amacembe ngokumelene nokushisa kwelanga, kanye nangokumelene nesithwathwa.
Ngisho nasebusika obunzima kunazo zonke, ukuvunguza kwesihlahla kanye nezitho zaso ezithela izithelo akuzange kube ngumuntu ophakeme kunama-14%.
Izinhlobo ze-Berries zithinteke ngokulinganayo ngokubola. Kukhona ukuphikisana okuphezulu kwezinto ezihlukahlukene ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-coccomycosis, i-moniliosis. Ngokuvamile kakhulu, kuthinteka isifo esivame kakhulu se-cherries, i-nodosa. Kanti futhi, azinqamuki lapho kunqamuka imvula kanye nomswakama. Kukhona ukuhamba okuphezulu kwama cherry.
Izinkinga ze-sweet cherry "i-Bryansk Pink"
Okuwukuphela kokungalungi kwezinhlobonhlobo ukungakwazi ukuzitholela impova. Ngakho-ke, kanye nalezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-cherry elihle emnyango wakho uzodinga ukutshala ezinye izinhlobo zalolu hlobo lwemithi yezitshalo. I-pollinators engcono kakhulu yeBryansk Pink iyoba izinhlobo ezinjenge-Iput, i-Ovstyuzhenka, i-Tyutchevka no-Revna. Futhi, i-pistils yalezi zinhlobonhlobo ingathinteka kakhulu uma phakathi nenkathi yezimbali ukushisa kwehla ngaphansi kwe-3 ° ะก.
Sitshala i-Bryansk Pink sweet cherry kwisakhiwo somuntu siqu
Ukuze umuthi wesithelo uthele izitshalo eziningi, akudingeki ukuthi ukhethe kuphela izinhlobo ezifanele, kodwa futhi ukutshala ngendlela efanele. Phela, ukutshala akubandakanyi nje inqubo yokugubha umuthi omncane emhlabathini, kodwa futhi ukhetha ukuhlunga okuhle, ukulungiselela umgodi, ukukhetha inhlabathi, indawo ethize yokutshala nesikhathi sonyaka. Ngakho-ke, uma unquma ukutshala ku-cherries yakho "Bryansk Pink", okokuqala kufanele ufunde ngokucophelela imiyalelo elandelayo.
Isikhathi sokutshala cherry
Ngokujwayelekile, izihlahla zegadi zifakelwa endaweni yokukhula engunaphakade. entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Kodwa nokho, uhlobo ngalunye kufanele lube neyodwa indlela ezocabangela izinga lokukwazi kwabo ukuthatha izimpande futhi libekezelele amaqhwa.
Ama-cherries anconywa ukutshala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, emva kokuphela kweqhwa. Ngokushesha nje lapho inhlabathi isuke isuka efrijini, futhi ungaqala ukuyimba - ngokushesha umbe imbobo ngaphansi kwe-cherry seedling. Uma utshala umuthi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, uzokwazi ukuthatha izimpande kahle futhi ngesikhathi sokuqala kwe-autumn frosts kuyobe sekuvele kube isihlahla esiqinile nesistimu yezimpande ezihlelekile.
Kodwa ngisho nasentwasahlobo, inqubo yokutshala akufanele iphuze, ngoba leyo evele ikwazi ukuqhuma endaweni endala, umuthi uzothatha izimpande kabi kulowo omusha, ungathinteka yizifo ezihlukahlukene futhi ungabonisi ukukhula kuze kube sekupheleni kwesikhathi sokutshala.
Nakuba kungenzeka ukutshala ama-cherry ekwindla, abalimi bayashesha ukuvimbela isinyathelo esinjalo. Baphikisana nezincomo zabo ukuthi le-sapling encane ye-cherry enhle inezinzuzo ezinkulu, ezisengozini kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ngakho-ke, uma isitsha samapulangwe singasinda ebusika, khona-ke entwasahlobo iyoba nomuthi ophilile kuphela. Uma usuvele uthenge i-Bryansk Pink sweet cherry seedling, kungcono ukuyibeka emgodleni omncane kuze kufike entwasahlobo bese uyimboza ngobuningi beqhwa.
Lapho ukutshala cherry elimnandi?
Okuhle kunakho konke, i-cherry enhle ihluma ezindaweni lapho iningi lokushisa kwelanga futhi akukho moya oshisayo waseNorth. Esikhathini sokuqala, izithelo nomuthi zizokhula kabi, futhi okwesibili, umoya ungakushiya ngaphandle kwezitshalo, uma zonke izimbali ziqothuka. Ngakho-ke, khetha iziqephu ngezintambo eziseningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga bese utshala umuthi ohlangothini olusenyakatho lwezakhiwo.
Futhi, ukuthungatha kwethu kufanele kungabi nakwezinye izihlahla ezikhulayo engadini. Ngisho noma ubeka isithelo sezithelo cherry, ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla zomugqa owodwa kufanele libe ngaphansi kwamamitha amathathu. Futhi ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa - 5. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutshala ama cherry uthatha indawo encane ephakanyisiwe, noma ufafaze isigundane esincane sokufakelwa.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda mayelana nokunakekelwa kwekwindla kwe-cherry
Umhlabathi wokutshala
Ama-cherry amnandi adinga inhlabathi evundile engakwazi ukugeleza kahle futhi ingagcini amanzi. Ngakho-ke, inhlabathi nomhlabathi onesihlabathi kuyafakwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Kodwa inhlabathi e-loamy egcwele kahle i-oxygen izosebenza kahle kakhulu. Ukuze umuthi ube nomoya okwanele namanzi, inhlabathi kumele ihlale ikhululiwe futhi iphuziswa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kufanele libe ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-1.5 (ngaphandle kwalokho udinga ukumba umgodla wamanzi). Uma kungekho okunye okukhethwa kukho, njengobumba nomhlabathi onesihlabathi, amanye amacebo angasetshenziswa. Ungamane usengeze isihlabathi esengeziwe ekukhethweni kokuqala, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho - ubumba. Futhi-ke, yenza ama-fertilizer amaningi anamaminerali. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukulungiswa kwalolu hlobo lwenhlabathi kufanele kuqale iminyaka engu-1-2 ngaphambi kokutshala isithombo.
Yini okudingeka ukwazi nge-sapling?
- Kunconywa ukuthi uthenge ukuthungwa kwesigaxa ekwindla, ngoba okwamanje kwakukhona inombolo enkulu kakhulu kokubili izinhlobo kanye nezithombo ngokwayo ezethulwa emakethe. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuba ukhethe umuthi omuhle kakhulu futhi okhiqizayo.
- Hlola umuthi ngokucophelela - kufanele ubonakale endaweni yokugoma. Uma engekho, khona-ke isihlahla sakhula sisuka etsheni, ngakho-ke kukhona ingozi enkulu yokuwela emthini ongewona uhlobo.
- Kungenzeka ukutshala i-cherry enhle njengomunye oneminyaka eyodwa ubudala (ukuphakama kwe-sapling yamamentimitha angama-75), nangeminyaka yobudala ubudala (ukuphakama - imitha eli-1). Into ebaluleke kunazo zonke yizinga lokuthuthukiswa kwesimiso saso, okumele kube nemigomo eminingi, ibe namandla futhi ngaphandle kwemonakalo.
- Uma ukuthutha, isithombo sinconywa ukuba sisongwe sibe yindwangu emanzi, okuzofakwa kuso ungqimba lwamafutha.
- Noma kunjalo, ekwindla, kungcono ukuthi ungatshala isitsha se-sapling - landela izinkombandlela ukuthi kungcono ukumba isiteji ebusika.
Ukutshala ngokuqondile kohlobo lwe-Bryansk Pink elimnandi lomuthi we-cherry
Izinto zokuqala kuqala udinga ukulungisa inhlabathi bese ugoba imbobo. Kuhle kakhulu ukumba yonke isakhiwo bese wengeza cishe ama-kilogremu angu-10 efaka umquba ophilayo (per 1 m2). Futhi, i-superphosphates ne-nitrate ifakwa enhlabathini, ibalwa endaweni efanayo - engaphezu kuka-200 amagremu. Umhlabathi we-Acid uvaliwe nge-lime, okwenza inani lamagremu angu-450 alo mzimba kumitha yesikwele.
Khona-ke ukumba umgodiokujula okumele okungenani kube ngamasentimitha angama-60. Ububanzi kufanele bufaneleke. Okokuqala sigcina isigxobo phansi komgodi, okuzosebenza njengesekelo le-cherries elimnandi. Eceleni komgodini udinga ukugcwalisa ingxube yomhlabathi nomanyolo. Le ngxube igcwaliswa ngesimo slide futhi ihlanganiswe kancane. Uhlaka olungavamile, olungelona olufakwe umanyolo kufanele luthululelwe phezu kwalo.
Okulandelayo, qhubekela phambili ukuhlola kabusha izithombo. Uma izimpande ezomile zikhona - zibafake amahora ama-6-10 amanzi futhi emva kwalokho zitshale. Okulandelayo, thatha isithuthuthu bese uyiphonsa emgodini. Qinisekisa ukuthi intamo yomthamo womuthi kufanele ibe ngamasentimitha angu-5 ngaphezulu kwezinga lomhlabathi.
Kancipha kancane kancane izimpande zenhlabathi. Ukumboza ngesigamu, kufanele uhambelane nomhlabathi futhi uthele ibhakede elilodwa lamanzi egodini. Okulandelayo, sigcwalisa umgodi ekugcineni, siwuhlanganise bese wenza i-roller encane ezovimbela amanzi ekusakazeni. Futhi ngokwemvelo, siphuza isitsha, sisebenzisa amabhakede amabili amanzi.
Emva kokutshala nokuchelela umhlabathi ozungeza isiqu se-seedling kufanele uhanjiswe. Lokhu kungcono ukusebenzisa i-peat noma i-humus. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kugcinwe umswakama isikhathi eside emhlabathini bese ukondla izimpande zomuthi omncane.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-sweet cherry
Imithetho yokunisela
Ama Cherries athande umswakama, ngakho-ke ukuchelela kufanele kube njalo, futhi inhlabathi ihlale i-hydrated (kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi ingadluli). Ngakho, ukuchelela kunconywa kanye ngenyanga phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo. Omunye umuthi kufanele ube namabhakede angaphansi kuka 2-3 ngesikhathi esencane, kanti u-5-6 - ube nesithelo esihle.
Ukuphuza njalo kufanele kube phakathi nezikhathi zesomiso. Khona-ke ungenza ukuphuza kuze kufike ku-1 isikhathi ngesonto.
Indlela yokudla ama cherry?
Ukutshala izihlahla ngokuvamile akufanelekile, kepha kunjalo Izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngonyaka yenza kahle. Ngokushesha ngemva kokutshala, isitsha sokudla sizokudla kumanyolo afakwe emgodini. Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni emithathu yokuqala akudingeki ekugqokeni okuphezulu. Ngonyaka wesibili kuphela wokukhula kwentwasahlobo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa i-nitrogen fertilizer (urea) enhlabathini, ngesamba sama-gramu ayi-120 ngomjikelezo ngamunye. Kunconywa ukuthi uphonsa irea u-10 cm ubude obujulile, futhi uhambise inhlabathi.
Ngonyaka wesi-4, umuthi kufanele uhlonywe endaweni ekhethekile yonyaka, lapho isixazululo esinomsoco sokugqoka sigqamile. Ekuseni kwentwasahlobo, cishe amagremu angu-200 e-urea afakwa kule mizila, kanti engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, ama-gramu angu-350 we-superphosphate granulated ayengeziwe.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kungenziwa ngokushelela ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ukulungiselela isihlahla ebusika
Ngaphambi kokubusika, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhulula inhlabathi kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuwasebenzisa. Emva kwakho konke, lapho umswakama weqhwa "uzomisa" kusukela ezingxenyeni eziphakeme zomuthi, yizimpande ngenxa yomswakama owethulwe uzokwazi ukusekela umsebenzi obalulekile we-cherry elimnandi.
Ngokuwa kweqhwa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuwagcwalisa ngomjikelezo wonke wama cherry amnandi, ukuze ulondoloze inhlabathi ekukhunjweni okujulile. Kunconywa ukuvikela isihlahla somuthi kusuka kumagundane ahlukahlukene ngokuyifeza nge-spruce noma ukuphahlazeka.
Indlela yokuvikela ama-cherries ezivela ezinambuzane nezifo
Ukuze umuthi ungalimazi futhi ungathinteki izinambuzane, kufanele ube njalo fafaza ngezixazululo ezikhethekile. Ezweni lakithi, izidakamizwa ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ezingalimazi izithelo zesikhathi esizayo. Phakathi kwazo kukhona i-vitriol yethusi neyensimbi, i-diesel fuel, umuthi "30" no-urea, njengomthombo we-nitrogen.
Kungenzeka ukulwa nokunqotshwa kwezifo zefungal ngokusika amagatsha agulayo nokuwashisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esimweni sezifo, kuyadingeka ukushisa wonke amaqabunga awile i-cherry.
Izinkuni zokunquma
Eminyakeni yokuqala yokukhula, amahlumela anqunywa ukukhuthaza ukwakheka kwamajikijolo. Ngokulandelayo, udinga kuphela ukususa amagatsha omile anakele, okwenza buthaka umuthi futhi ungatheli izithelo. Ukuze kube lula nokulungiswa kokubunjwa kwama-cherries omqhele, kubalulekile ukususa lawo magatsha akhula abe yingxenye yangaphakathi. Futhi, amahlumela angakhula ezimpandeni ezungeze isiqu - kufanele futhi asuswe njalo.
