I-Alternaria iyinhlobo yesibungulu isikhunta esithinta izitshalo eziningi, ekugcineni okuholela ekungenakwenzeka kokudla izithelo zazo, ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenye yezimbangela zezifo eziningi zabantu, njengezifo ezihlukahlukene ze-asthma ne-bronchial asthma. Lesi sihloko sizinikezele ngokuphelele ekuthuthukiseni i-alternaria kumazambane, iqukethe isithombe enezimpawu zayo, incazelo ejwayelekile yesifo kanye nezindlela zokwelapha.
Incazelo
Lesi sifo ngokuvamile ihlasela izilimo eziyizigaxa, iziqu kanye namaqabunga ezitshalo. I-Alternariosis akuyona isifo sesifo kuphela yamazambane, singathinta nezinye izitshalo ezingokomndeni onesizotha, isibonelo, utamatisi. Umonakalo obangelwa yilesi sifo, ofana nomonakalo ovela ekungcoleni okukhatshana, kunganciphisa isivuno sonke ngo-20-30%.
Uyazi? INingizimu Melika ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa yamazambane, lapho usengakwazi ukuhlangana nabamele bayo basendle. Kodwa-ke, ngamashumi ezinkulungwane ezinkulungwane zeminyaka, amaNdiya eNingizimu Melika asekhulile amazambane njengesitshalo esitshalwe.
Ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimbali, ngokuvamile ezinsukwini ezingu-15-20, amaqabunga amazambane abathintekile akhiwa inhlanzi enkulu noma amabala amnyamaezinesakhiwo esicacile. Uma izinga lokulimala liphakeme ngokwanele, amabala aqala ukuhlangana nomunye, futhi amaqabunga aqala ukuphuza futhi awele. Izitshalo nezitshalo zezitshalo ezithintekile nazo zinezindawo ezizenzekelayo, kodwa zihlangene kakhulu. 
Uma imvelo inhle (izinga lokushisa elivela ku-26 ° C kanye nomswakama okwanele) ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo, amabala okuqala aqala ukuvela ezitshalweni ezinegciwane ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-2-3 kusukela ngesikhathi sokutheleleka.
I-tuber yamazambane abathintekile ihlanganiswe namabala angavamile, evame ukucindezeleka, anomthunzi omnyama kunesikhumba. Izicubu ezinempilo zihluke kakhulu ekusungulweni kwabathintekayo. Amabala amakhulu kakhulu ahlanganiswe nenethiwekhi yemibimbi ehlelwe ngendlela yokujikeleza futhi egqoke isiqondiso esifanayo.
Uma usika i-tuber enegciwane, ungabona ngokucacile izindawo zezicubu zesifo sochungechunge ezibola ngendlela efana nokubola. Zifana nesakhiwo sawo esinobunzima obukhulu, obomile, obumnyama obumnyama obomvu. 
Izimbangela kanye ne-pathogen
Isizathu saleso sifo sishaywa kuphela lapho sitshala amazambane ama-conidia kanye ne-mycelium, esisele ezinsalela zezitshalo nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ngokushesha lapho izimo zezulu zenza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-fungus kwenzeke, lesi sifo siqala ukuthuthukiswa kwayo.
Uyazi? Okwamanje kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-44 ezichazwe nge-genre Alternaria, noma kunjalo, ngokwezinye izicabango, kukhona okuningi, kuze kube ngamakhulu amaningana.
Okungaphezulu kakhulu amagciwane ajwayelekile - A. solani, a. okunye, a. i-infectoria kanye nabanye balolu hlobo. I-mycelium yazo zonke lezi zinhlobo cishe ibukeka ngendlela efanayo: yi-interlacing of fibers thinached fibers, ine-structural branched, septate. 
Izizathu ezibangela ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo zihlanganisa: ukwehlisa izitshalo ngezwe elibi noma isimo sezulu, isimo sezulu esomile nesishisayo, ukungabi namandla noma ukungapheli komhlabathi, ubumpofu emhlabathini, ubuningi obuningi be-potassium kanye ne-phosphorus enamandla, ukungcola kwenzalo yakho ngezifo ezihlukahlukene.
Amathiphu kubalimi be-novice: funda indlela yokutshala amazambane ngaphansi kosizi, ezikhwameni, ngaphambi kobusika, ngokusho kobuchwepheshe beDutch; indlela yokupaka (kufaka phakathi i-motoblock) nokuphakelayo; yikuphi okungcono ukutshala amazambane.
Izinhlobo eziphikisayo
Maye, abalimi sebehlulekile kakhulu ukuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezingafani nokwesaba isifo sezambane njenge-alternariosis. Kodwa-ke, kukhona uhlu olufaka izinhlobo ezihambisana nalesi sifo. ngaphansi kwamanye:
- I-Adretta Lezi zinambuzane, ngaphandle kwezakhiwo zayo ezinengqondo ngokuphathelene ne-Alternaria, nazo ziyaziwa ngokuba yizihlobo zokuqala ezinomzimba ophuzi, owawuhloselwe ukusetshenziswa komuntu. Okufanele kakhulu ukupheka kwejacket.
- Bronnitsky. Ngaphezu kokuphikisana okukhulu neqhawe lale ngxenye, ngokumelene nezifo ezinjalo ezithinta amazambane, njengomlenze omnyama nesikhumba. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zifaneleke kakhulu ukuthosa amafries aseFrance.
- Uthando. Izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala ezinama-tubers omhlophe, isici esithile sokuthi abalahlekelwa ubumhlophe ngesikhathi sokupheka. Naphezu kokuphikisana okuphawulekayo ku-Alternaria, kuvame ukuthinteka yi-scab ejwayelekile.
Funda futhi ngezinhlobonhlobo zamazambane: "Kiwi", "Luck", "Gala", "Queen Queen", "Rosara", "Blue", "Irbitsky".
Indlela yokubhekana ne-Alternaria
Uma uqaphela ukuthi izitshalo zakho zigula nge-Alternaria, sekuyisikhathi sokuzama ukulondoloza amazambane, usebenzisa ezinye izinyathelo zokulawula. Izinyathelo ezinjalo zibandakanya amaqembu amabili amakhulu okusebenza - asebenza ngokusiza ngezindlela ezehlukene zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokufafaza ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali.
Ama-biological agents
Le ndlela yokulwa nayo ihlanganisa ukucubungula izilimo eziyizigaxa kusengaphambili ngaphambi kokutshala. Ngokuvamile, kusetshenziselwa izibhamu ezihlukahlukene, lapho kulungiswa khona amalungiselelo akhethekile, okwathi ngemva kwalokho ukuchithwa kwenzeka ngokuqondile.
Okufanele kakhulu spray imikhiqizo ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokufika, lezi yi-Baktofid, Integral ne-Agat-25. Futhi uma uhlose ukunciphisa ukutheleleka kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ngemuva kokuqala kwenkathi ekhulayo, kufanele usebenzise izidakamizwa "Planriz". 
Amakhemikhali
Ukusetshenziswa kwaleli qembu lezinto, njengombuso, kuyisongo esiyingozi empilweni yabantu ngenxa yobuthi babo. Ngakho-ke, lapho uphefaza lezi zidakamizwa, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ngemishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu: i-suit evikelayo, iglavu, izigqoko kanye nemaski noma ukuphefumula.
Ukucubungula leli qembu lezidakamizwa kuhilela ukuwafiphaza ngesikhathi sokukhula. Ngalesi sizathu, izixazululo ezingu-0.2-0.3% zamalungiselelo anjalo zifanelekile:
- "Inzuzo",
- "Novozri",
- "Thanos",
- "Mancozeb",
- "Kuproksat",
- "Yenza",
- "I-Penczeb".
Kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa izixazululo ezingu-0.4-0.5% zeMeta transg, Cupricol, Acrobat MC, HOM, Metamil, no-Abigak-Pika.
Kubalulekile! Uma uqaphela ukuthi amazambane akho anesifo se-Alternaria ezinyathelweni zakuqala zokuthuthukiswa kwawo, ungasebenzisa izidakamizwa ukuze uphathe. "I-Bravo" ngezinga lika-2.3-3 amalitha ngalinye ngehektare elilodwa lokufika endaweni.
Kungenzeka futhi ukuba ufafaze izilimo eziyizigaxa esikhathini esandulele ukubeka kwabo ukugcinwa kwasebusika ngosizo lwe-"Maxim" ukulungiselela ngesilinganiso esingu-0.2 l ngetoni ngalinye. Ukwelashwa kokuqala kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kokutholakala kwezibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo. Ukuvama okuqhubekayo kokupuniza kuncike ekudleni kwesidakamizwa esikhethiwe kanye nemibandela yokushisa lapho amazambane atholakala khona. 
Ukuvimbela izifo
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezingenzeka izindlela zokuvimbela lesi sifo, esibaluleke kunazo zonke ezibalwe ngezansi:
- Ukuhlanzwa ngokugcwele kokutshala kwezambatho zamazambane esikhathini esizayo emithonjeni yezitshalo ezigulayo. Kuze kube sekugcineni, ukulima okujulile kwasebusika kuzokusiza kakhulu, okusiza kakhulu ukutshala izinsalela ukubola kahle, okuvimbela ukuqoqwa kwezinhlamvu eziyingozi kanye ne-mycelium enhlabathini.
- Kubalulekile ukuhambisana nemithetho yokujikeleza kwezitshalo, hhayi ukutshala amazambane amaningi namalungu eminye imindeni ye-Solanaceae, njengotamatisi, futhi nayo isifo saso.
- Akufanele ukhule amazambane iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-3 endaweni efanayo.
- Ukusetshenziswa okulungile nokufika kwesikhathi kokufaka umanyolo. Umhlabathi kufanele ube nokulinganisela ngokuphelele ekukhuleni amazambane, aqukethe okwanele, kodwa hhayi ngokweqile, i-nitrogen ne-potassium.
- Uma unyaka nonyaka izilimo eziyizigaxa zakho zithinteka yilesi sifo, bese uzama ukukhulisa izinhlobo eziphikisana nalesi sifo. Uhlu lwezinhlobo ezinjalo lungatholakala ngenhla.
- Susa izilimo eziyizigaxa kuphela emva kokuvuthwa ngokugcwele, ezama ukungazibangela ukulimala komshini. Ngakho-ke uyokwandisa amathuba okuba ingxenye noma yonke i-tuber izohlala emhlabathini, okuzobe isebenza njenge-hotbed yale fungus.
Kubalulekile! Khumbula ukuthi awukwazi ukufafaza amazambane akho kaningi. Inamba enkulu kakhulu yokwelapha - inkathi ezine ngonyaka ngamunye.
Sithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sizokusiza ukuba ubhekane nesifo esinjalo esingathandeki, njengesifo se-alternaria samazambane. Khumbula ukuthi isikhathi esichitha ukuvimbela - okusebenza kakhulu kunanoma yikuphi, ngisho nokwelashwa okubiza kakhulu, kungcono kakhulu ukukusiza ukugcina isivuno sakho samazambane kunemithi yesimanje kakhulu. Yiba isivuno esihle!
