Izifo ezithathelwanayo, ngeshwa, zivame ukuthinta amahhashi. Maye, eziningi zazo azitholakali, ngakho-ke wonke umenzi wehhashi kufanele akwazi ukubona lesi sifo. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngezifo ezinjengezinhlanzi, nokuchaza ukuthi singazibona kanjani, sizitholele futhi sizivimbele.
Iyini lesi sifo
I-Sap yisifo esithathelwanayo. Kuyinto enzima futhi ihambisana nokubunjwa esikhumbeni kanye nezibungu ezinamaqanda wezilonda, ama-pustules, kanye nama-abscesses amaningi ezithombeni zangaphakathi.
Thola ukuthi ihhashi lingagula kanjani.
I-Pathogen, imithombo yokutheleleka
I-agent causative yalesi sifo yi-Gram-negative bacilli Burkholderia mallei yomndeni Burkholderiaceae. Emvelweni wangaphandle, leli bhakthaza alinamathele, likhula kumapulatifomu avamile okondla. Emhlabathini nasemanzini, ukuqina kwabo kugcina izinsuku ezingu-60, futhi emanzini ezilwane ezigulayo - izinsuku ezingu-14-20.
I-Burkholderia mallei ifa ngokushesha ngethonya lokushisa okuphezulu nemisebe ye-ultraviolet. Futhi, i-wand isuke izwela kakhulu kuma-disinfectants. 
Ukusabalala kwama-gland emhlabeni, wesifunda ka-2017. Kungenzeka ukuthelela izigulane kwezinye izilwane ezifuywayo (ama-mules, izimbongolo, amakamela, izinkomo ezingenakubalwa, izinja, amakati). Ngokuvamile izilwane zitholakala eNingizimu neMelika Ephakathi, e-Asia nase-Afrika.
Kubalulekile! Abantu bagula ngezigulane kakhulu.Ukwelashwa kwenzeka lapho i-pathogen ingena esikhunjeni esonakele, izibilini ezinomuncu zendlela yokuphefumula noma yokugaya. Ukungena egazini, igciwane lidala ukubukeka kwama-granulomas ezingxenyeni, lapho ukuvuvukala kwe-purulent kwenzeka futhi inqubo ye-septic-pyaemic kwenzeka.
Izimpawu kanye nenkambo yesifo
Yona kanye inqubo yesifo esiteshini sokuqala iqala izimpawu ezingekho lutho, ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni zangaphakathi. Izimpawu ezibonakalayo zivela emavikini angu-4 ngemuva kokutheleleka, ngakho ukutholakala kokutheleleka kunqunywe ukusabela okweqile kuMallein, okwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingu-14-20 emva kokutheleleka. 
Kuye indawo yokutheleleka, la mafomu ayahluka:
- i-pulmonary;
- isisindo;
- isikhumba
Funda ngezifo zamehlo namagatsha amahhashi.I-Sapa inamafomu amathathu:
- ifomu elimangalisayo. Isikhathi sokugxilwa kwesifo siyizinsuku ezingu-1-5. Lesi sifo siqala ngokungazelelwe ngokushisa kwezinga lokushisa kuya ku-41-42 ° С, ukubonakala kobuhlungu bekhanda nokuhlanganiswa, umkhuhlane, nokuthuthumela komzimba. I-Conjunctiva ne-membranes ebonakalayo ebonakalayo i-hypermic, i-pulse ibuthakathaka (izinsimbi ezingu-60-80 ngomzuzu), ukuphefumula kuyaba njalo futhi okuphakathi. Isilwane sishaya indiva, silahlekelwa yidla.
Amabala abomvu avela embhedeni wamangcwaba ekhaleni lehhashi, futhi emva kwezinsuku ezingu-2-3, ama-nodules aphuzi abonakala endaweni yawo, ehlukana, okwenza izilonda ezinemibala ejikelezayo noma e-oval. Uketshezi olungcolile olunegazi olungenayo igazi lukhishwa kulezi zilonda.Kubalulekile! Izinguquko endaweni yangasese zenzeka ngemuva kokunqotshwa kwamaphaphu.
Izilonda ezanda zingakwazi ukuhlangana, okuholela ekwakheni izakhiwo ezilonda izilonda. Uma ukugxila kugxila, i-septum nasal kanye ne-concha iyahlukana.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo i-pus igeleza kakhulu kusuka emakhaleni, futhi ukuphefumula kuyaqhuma. Uma lesi sifo sibambezelekile, siba nesiguli. Izilonda ziphilisa, futhi endaweni yazo, izibazi ezinjengenkanyezi zivela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho isifunda somzimba sithinteka, ama-lymph nodes ase-submandibular asetshenziselwa ukusebenza. Zivuvukala, zishise futhi zishaye. Emva kwalokho, ama-node ayavalwa futhi agcinwe. 
Endabeni yokwahluka kwesikhumba, izifo zesilonda zivame ukubunjwa entanyeni, ekhanda, enqenqemeni, nasezingeni eliphezulu. Okokuqala, esikhumbeni, ukuvuvukala okubuhlungu okubuhlungu kwenzeka, okuyinto echitha emva kwezinsuku ezingu-1-2, futhi ezindaweni zazo ezibonakalayo ezinomsoco zivela, futhi ngokushesha zizohlakazeka futhi ziphenduke izilonda ezikhulayo.
Funda indlela yokuphatha amahhashi we-equine izifo.
Ama-lymph nodes ngesikhathi esifanayo avule futhi enkambeni yabo ekwazi ukuqina okucacile. Lezi zimpawu ziyancenga futhi zivula. 
Ifomu eliyingozi lihlala izinsuku ezingu-8-30 futhi liphela noma lifa, noma ligeleza kufomu elingapheli;
- ifomu elingapheliyo. Kuvame kakhulu kumahhashi (amacala angaba ngu-90%) futhi angahlala ezinyangeni eziningana kuya eminyakeni eminingana. Kuvame ukuqhubeka ngaphandle kwesithombe somtholampilo esicacile. Izimpawu ezisemqoka zalesi sifo yizi: ukukhwehlela owomile, i-pulmonary emphysema, ukulahlekelwa isisindo.
Ezingxenyeni ezinamalenze emakhaleni kungabonakala izibazi ezinjengezinkanyezi, ezavela endaweni yesilonda eside. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukwanda nokuhlanganiswa kwama-submaxillary nodes kungabonwa. Ngezinye izikhathi, lapho uhlobo lwesikhumba lokugcoba emilenzeni yezintambo luqinisa kakhulu (okuthiwa i-elephantiasis);
- ifomu elilindile. Igcinwe kakhulu ezindaweni ezingasetshenziswanga ngokuphelele. Kungenzeka ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezibonakalayo (ikakhulukazi kuthinta izitho zangaphakathi) iminyaka eminingi.
Ezingxenyeni ezinamalenze emakhaleni kungabonakala izibazi ezinjengezinkanyezi, ezavela endaweni yesilonda eside. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukwanda nokuhlanganiswa kwama-submaxillary nodes kungabonwa. Ngezinye izikhathi, lapho uhlobo lwesikhumba lokugcoba emilenzeni yezintambo luqinisa kakhulu (okuthiwa i-elephantiasis);
Kubalulekile! Esimweni esingapheli sesifo, ukubuyela emuva kuyenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ukuhlonza
Kungenzeka ukuxilonga izigulane ngosizo lwezivivinyo ezithile zelabhuthrikhi, ezihambisana nezinqubo zezinsimbi ezenza kube khona ukulimala kwezitho zangaphakathi.
I-Sap yamahhashi ihlukaniswa ne-myta, melioidosis, izilonda, i-rhinitis ne-epizootic lymphangitis.
Izindlela eziyinhloko ezisetshenzisiwe ziyi:
- i-malleinization ye-ocular. Ikuvumela ukuba ubone lesi sifo ngamacala angu-95%. I-Mullein iphathwa kabili nge-interval kwezinsuku ezingu-5-6. Ukuhlaziywa kwenziwa ekuseni futhi kusetshenziswe nge-pipette oyinyumba ku-conjunctiva yeso eliphilile. Ukusabela kubonakala ngemuva kwamahora angu-3, 6, 9 no-24. Uma i-conjunctivitis ye-purulent iqala, ukusabela kuthathwa njengokuthi kuhle. Ezinye izilwane zivela ukuphuma kwe-serous-purulent kusuka emakhaleni. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukusabela kubonakala esweni lesibini. Uma impendulo ingalungile noma ngokungabaza, emva kwezinsuku ezingu-5-6, ukukhishwa kwe-malleinization kuphinda kuphindwe futhi emehlweni;
- ukuxhunyaniswa kwamathambo. Ukusebenza kahle - 95%. Kuyenzeka uma kwenzeka isilwane sinesifo sobuso. Kulokhu, izinga lokushisa lilinganiselwe kuqala - akufanele libe ngaphezu kuka -38.5 ° C. I-Mullein ifakwe ngaphansi komgwaqo endaweni engena entanyeni. Ngakusasa, ngo-6 ekuseni, thola izinga lokushisa. Ukufundwa okuphindiwe kuthathwa emva kwamahora angu-18, angu-24 nama-36. Umphumela wenziwa ngokushintsha ukushisa nokuphendula kwendawo. Impendulo ibhekwa sengathi ihamba kahle uma izinga lokushisa likhuphukela ku- +40 ° C futhi lihlala kuleli zinga ngamahora angu-6-8. Ukutholakala kokutheleleka kuboniswa ukuvuvukala okukhulu endaweni yomjovo futhi izinga lokushisa lingenhla +39.6 ° C. Uma ukuvuvukala akufaki endaweni yomjovo noma kungabalulekile futhi izinga lokushisa aliphakamanga ngaphezu kuka -39 ° C, ukusabela kubhekwa kungalungile;
- indlela ye-intradermal. Usetshenziselwa ukutadisha amahhashi angamahhafu asendle I-Mallein igonywe entanyeni futhi ihlolwe amahora angu-48. Uma ukuvuvukala okushisayo, okubuhlungu kanye nezinhlaka ezicacile kuye kwavela endaweni yokujola, ukusabela kuthathwa njengokuthi kuhle. Uma kungekho impendulo ku-mallein, umjovo uphindwa emva kwamahora angu-48 futhi ubhekwe ngaphakathi kwamahora angu-24;
- ukuhlaziywa kwe-serum yegazi ekuphenduleni kokuqinisa ukulungiswa. Ukutadisha okunjalo kwenziwa kuphela kumahhashi anezimpendulo ezinhle kumallein. Ukuhlaziywa okunjalo kuqhathanisa abantu abanenqubo esebenzayo ye-sapnom.
Uyazi? Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ama-gland aseRussia ayevamile kakhulu. KwakuseSoviet Union kuphela ukuthi bathatha lesi sifo ngenkuthalo. Umphumela - isifo ensimini ye-USSR sagcina sichithwa ngo-1940.
Ukuxilongwa kokushiswa: ividiyo
Izinguquko zesifo
Kuphela ezimweni ezihlukile (isibonelo, ukucacisa ukuxilongwa) yi-autopsy evunyelwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izimo ezivimbela ukusakazwa kwegciwane zigcinwa ngokucophelela.
Isimo sokuhlukumeza umzimba sincike efomeni nasenqubo yesifo. Amafomu omzimba nasesikhumba afana nezibonakaliso ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokuphila. Uma uvula ulwelwesi lwamangcwaba we-larynx ne-trachea uthole ama-nodules.
Ngokuvamile, izimpawu ezinjalo zihlanganiswa ne-pulmonary kanye ne-lymph nodes, kwezinye izimo - isibindi, i-spleen nezinso (kukhona ama-granulomas afana nesifo sofuba).
Uyazi? Ngokokuqala ngqa, uSap wachazwa ngu-Aristotle ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-4 BC. Kodwa isikhathi eside lesi sifo asizange sakhiwe njengezinhlobo ezihlukene, ngoba kwakubhekwa njengendlela ye-moth ne-lymphangitis.
Endabeni ye-pulmonary, i-nodular sap noma i-papoumonia ye-sapovaya kungenzeka ibe khona. Ama-lymph nodes wendawo ahlanjululwa, nge-cut, ne-necrotic foci nama-prints wokufaka ama-calcification atholakala kwezinye. Ngokusakazwa kwezigulane, ama-formations anjalo angatholakala esibindi, siphila nezinye izitho. 
Imifula ethinteka yizigulane
Ukwelapha
Ngeshwa, okwamanje azikho izindlela zokwelapha eziphumelelayo. Amahhashi agulayo kufanele abhujiswe.
Ukuvimbela Nokuqedwa
Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqubuka kwesifo, ezingeni likahulumeni, izilwane ezinempilo kuphela ezivela ensimini enempilo zingafakwa ezweni.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo imithetho ye-sanitary kanye neyezilwane ibhekwe ngokucophelela. Amahhashi angenisiwe kufanele athunyelwe ukuhlolwa (kufaka ngosizo lwe-mallein test) nokuhlukanisa.
Funda indlela yokukala ukushisa komzimba wamahhashi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke amahhashi omdala entwasahlobo nasekwindla ahlolwa nge-serum. Ngemiphumela emibi, izilwane zisetshenziswa ngaphandle kwemingcele. Uma umphumela wokuhlola wawuhle, izilwane ezinjalo zibhekwa njengokusola.
Kulesi simo, bahlukaniswe ekamelweni elihlukile (ikakhulukazi kulowo abagcinwa khona) futhi bahlolwe ngosizo lokuhlolwa kobulili. Uma umphumela wokuhlolwa ungalungile, amahhashi abhekwa njengophephile. Ngomphumela omuhle, izilwane zitholakala ekubhujisweni kanye nokuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kwezemvelo. 
Izilonda esikhunjeni sehhashi Uma izinguquko zesici zitholakala e-autopsy, ukuxilongwa kwezigulane kubhekwa njengokwakhiwa. Izidumbu zezilwane ezinjalo ziyashiswa. Futhi yonke indawo lapho izilwane zigcinwa khona, indawo ezungezile, imishini, izigodi, amakolishi, izicathulo kanye nezingubo zabasebenzi zingasebenzi nge-chlorine (3% esebenzayo i-chlorine, ingxube ye-20% ye-lime, isisombululo se-caustic soda esingu-4%).
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wonke umhlambi, ummeli wawo otheleleke, uhlukanisiwe futhi uhlolwe.
Funda ukuthi uthola kanjani i-anemia esithathelwanayo ehhashi.
Phatha izinto ezizungezile nempahla ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
- amanzi angcolile amanzi - uthele i-bleach (200 g ngayinye ngamaminithi ayi-cubic dm) futhi ixutshwe;
- izakhiwo - Ukuqala ngesisombululo se-spray disinfecting, bese wenza ukuhlanza kwe-mechanical nokuhlunga ukungena. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukugcoba kwenziwa nge-20% isixazululo se-lime;
- umquba, ukondla izinsalela, ukulala - ngemuva kokushisa i-disinfection;
- inhlabathi - i-disinfected ngekhambi elishisayo le-caustic soda (10%), i-formalin (4%) noma isixazululo se-bleach (5%);
- izingubo, amathawula - abilisiwe kwisisombululo soda (2%) ihora;
- ama-apron, iglavu yegravu - igxile ihora ngesisombululo se-chloramine (1-3%);
- ukubopha, amabhuzu - Sula nge-napkin ehambelana nesisombululo se-chloramine (1-3%) kabili ngesigamu semizuzu engu-15;
- izindawo zomzimba ezivulekile - aphathwe ngesisombululo se-chloramine (0.5-1%), utshwala (80%);
- ezokuthutha - ephathwa nge-chloramine (1-3%) ngesilinganiso sika-300 cu. cm imitha ngayinye ngayinye.
Uma kungabikho ushintsho lwezici, izifundo ze-bacteriological kanye ne-histological zenziwa.Njengoba izigulane ziyisifo esingelapheki, kubalulekile hhayi kuphela ukuba uhlole amahhashi, kodwa futhi ukuwavikela ngangokunokwenzeka emithonjeni engase ingaphephile. Lena yindlela kuphela yokugcina umhlambi ugcwele amandla.
