Wonke umlimi oyisiqalo owaziwayo futhi onolwazi kufanele atshale okungenani imibhede emibhedeni enhle futhi enempilo njengokhukhamba. Imifino iqukethe amavithamini amaningi amaqembu B no-C, kanye nesamba esanele samaminerali, njenge-calcium, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, i-iron ne-magnesium. Ukhukhamba luyingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwethu efomini eliluhlaza, elisawoti nelitokisi. Ukukhula kubo kulula, kepha kudingeka ulungele izinkumanga ezingathandeki, okungukuthi, isitshalo sibhekene nesifo esivamile njenge-perinospora.
Yini eyingozi futhi ivelaphi
I-Perinosporosis iyisifo se-fungal esithinta amahlamvu kanye neziqu zesitshalo. I-Downy isikhutha singabhubhisa isitshalo ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu noma sinciphise kakhulu isivuno sayo. 
Isimo esingcono kakhulu sezinhlamvu ezinonya kungumswakama, yingakho izitshalo ziqala ukulimaza kaningi emva kokunisela noma ukuphuza ngokweqile. Ukushisa kwemoya kudlala indima enkulu: uma ebusuku emva kwemvula i-thermometer yehla ngaphansi kwezingu-9 degrees Celsius, izitshalo ziwela ngokuzenzekelayo eqenjini eliyingozi, njengoba kulesi simo sezulu ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi ze-pseudogribs ezisuka emndenini kaPeronosporov ziyaqhubeka.
Kungenzeka ukuba ukhule ukhukhamba hhayi kuphela ensimini noma ekushiseni okushisa, kodwa futhi nangezinye izindlela ezingezona ezijwayelekile: emabhakede, imiphongolo, amabhodlela epulasitiki, efasiteleni, ebhodini noma e-hydroponics.
Enye imbangela ye-powdery isikhutha ingaba umhlabathi omkhulu we-alkali. Izifo ze-fungal zibhekene nokunyuka kwama-hardiness ebusika futhi ziyakwazi ukulondoloza ukuhlala kwazo enhlabathini kanye nembewu kuze kube yiminyaka engu-6.
Izimpawu zokubukeka
Uzobona ngokushesha ukuthi lesi sitshalo sigula: izindawo eziphuzi noma ezibomvu zizovela phezulu kwamahlamvu. Ngokushesha, ingxenye engezansi yeqabunga nayo iyathinteka, ehlanganiswa neqhwa elimnyama. Lesi sifo siqhubeka ngokushesha ngokushesha, amaqabunga aphuzi futhi aphelile. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-4-5 ezivela esitshalweni zingagcina kuphela iziqu. Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kunomthelela ekukhuleni okunampofu noma okukhulayo kwesithelo. Ukhukhamba abathintekayo yi-ukhunta, balahlekelwa ukunambitheka. 
Kubalulekile! Lesi sifo sisakazeka ngokushesha futhi singalimaza amanye amasiko. - lokhu kusizwa izinambuzane ezikwazi ukusakaza izinhlamvu, isibonelo, i-aphid ne-whitefly.Ngokuvamile lesi sifo sithinta izitshalo kwisigaba sokwakheka noma ukuvuthwa kwezithelo, konke kuxhomeke esikhathini sokutshala. Kulesi simo, izingxabano ezinonya zingase zihlale phansi, futhi lesi sifo sizojabula ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhululekile kubo. Kukholelwa ukuthi i-fungus ingabangela umonakalo omkhulu ekukhiqizeni izitshalo zokushisa.
Ukuvimbela
Okokuqala, izinhlobo eziphikisana nezifo kufanele zikhethwe. Kusadingeka ukuthi uqondise ngokufanele ukuhlwanyela: imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala kumele icutshungulwe, isibonelo, esisombululo se-potassium permanganate. Kungcono ukutshala izinhlobo zakuqala, ukuze kungabikho amathuba okuphikisa ama-peronosporosis ngaphambi kokuvuna. 
Ochwepheshe abaphakamisi ukutshala ukhukhamba njalo ngonyaka endaweni efanayo - shintsha indawo yemibhede ngenkathi ngayinye, futhi lokhu kuzonciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka. Ekupheleni kwenkathi ekhulayo, udinga ukusika iziqu ngamaqabunga bese ushisa. Uma lesi siko sikhulile ezimweni zokushisa, ke, ngaphezu kokususwa kwezinsalela zezitshalo, kubalulekile ukususa ungqimba ophezulu wenhlabathi bese uchithelwa imishanguzo.
Izindlela ze-Agrotechnical zomzabalazo
Okokuqala, indawo yemibhede idlala indima. Kubalulekile ukugwema izindawo ezimanzi kakhulu kanye nomakhelwane nezakhiwo kulezo zindawo lapho amanzi angaqongelela khona, noma amaconsi angase awele ophahleni. Kumele senze umthetho wokucubungula imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala. Enye yezindlela eziphumelelayo ukwelashwa kokutshala izinto ngamanzi ashisayo (50-55 ° C). 
Imbewu ifakwe imizuzu engu-10-15, bese uqala ukutshala. Awukwazi ukunyakazisa izitshalo, ukuchelela kufanele kube ngesikhathi, kepha kulinganiswe. Omunye akufanele anqabe ukugqoka okujwayelekile kwendawo: uma ukhukhamba ithola izakhi ezanele, ingozi ye-peronosporosis iyancipha kakhulu. Ukuphamba okuvimbela izitshalo ezincane ngamalungiselelo e-biological, okuyinto emele kabanzi emakethe, wamukelekile.
Kubalulekile! Uma ukutshala okushisa okwakhiwa kwama-ukhukhamba, kufanele uhlale ulawula umswakama ekamelweni. Uma nje amabala avela emaqabunga, kufanele ususe masinyane ukuze kungabikho ama-petioles.Ukusetjenziswa kwamaphesenti wokuzivikela okuqinisekisiwe akuqinisekisi i-100%, kodwana kunciphisa khulu amathuba wokutheleleka ngezifo ze-fungal.
Ukulwa okusebenzayo
Uma kwakungenakwenzeka ukuvimbela i-peronospora yamakhukhamba, qhubekela phambili ukwelashwa. Indlela yomzabalazo incike ekunganakwa kwesifo kanye nezintandokazi zakho. 
Ukuze unqobe i-fungus, okokuqala kudingekile ukususa i-foci yayo-izingxenye zesitshalo esezivele zonakalisiwe, futhi ngokushesha zizishise. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungaqhubeka nokwelapha.
Amakhemikhali
Amakhemikhali asebenza kahle kunawo wonke ekulweni ne-downy mildew yi-fungicides. Lezi zinto zisetshenziselwa kokubili ukulwa nomkhuhlane, nokugqoka imbewu. Ekuqaleni kwesifo sesitshalo, izixazululo ze-0.5% ze-Bord Bord, i-Ridomil, i-Kurzat ne-Oxyhoma zisetshenzisiwe.
Phonsa kokubili isitshalo esithintekile nomhlabathi oseduze nawo. Kudingekile ukuthi usebenzise amalungiselelo anjalo kusuka ku-downy isikhutha kuma-ukhukhamba ngokuqapha, ungakhohlwa ukukhwabanisa okuphezulu kanye nengozi yezinyathelo zokulawula ezinjalo kubantu nasezilwaneni. 
Uyazi? Ukuhlwanyela izithelo zekhukhamba kuyadingeka ukuze ususe umswakama owedlulele.
Amakhambi omphakathi
Uma ukhetha izindlela ezivikelekile zomuntu wokulwa ne-fungus, khona-ke kuleli cala kukhona inamba engavamile yezindlela ezahlukene. Kukholelwa ukuthi i-soda ejwayelekile iphumelela kakhulu ngokumelene ne-downy isikhutha kumakhukhamba.
Ukuze ukulungiswa kwezixazululo zokwelapha kuyodinga 30 g we-soda, ama-5 amalitha amanzi ashisayo kanye no-5-10 ml wesipho lensimbi. Izithako zixutshwe ngokuphelele kuze kuphele ukuphela, bese uvumela ingxube ukuba ipholile. Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele uchithe inhlabathi nezitshalo. Ukuze unqobe i-fungus, uzodinga okungenani izinqubo ezintathu ezinjalo. Ukufafaza okubili kulandelwa, futhi okwesithathu kwenziwe ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-7 ukulungisa umphumela.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nemikhiqizo yokulawula izinambuzane ze-pharmacy.
Ukucubungula izitshalo usebenzisa ingxube ye-iodine nobisi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amaconsi 10-12 we-iodine kumele ahlakazwe ngetitha elilodwa lebisi (amafutha awunandaba) futhi ahlanjululwe ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Bese uhlanza izitshalo ngebhodlela le-spray. Iyakwazi ukunqoba isikhunta esiyingozi nesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate. I-1-2 g ye-substance ichitheka ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi futhi ichithelwa ngezitshalo.
Ungakwazi ukulwa namazolo e-powdery mealy usebenzisa umlotha: Ichitheka ngamanzi abilayo. Thatha 2 tbsp. izinto ezinama-3 amalitha amanzi. Ingxube ephumela kuyokwenza ukunikezwa, bese uhlunga bese uphefa izitshalo nomhlabathi.
Ungalungisa umuthi kusuka ikhasi eliyi-anyanisi - kuphela, kuzosebenza kuphela ezinkathini zokuqala zesifo. 350-400 g of husk ithululelwa nge 10-12 amalitha amanzi, balethwe ngamathumba futhi kwesokunxele izinsuku 2-3. Isixazululo samanje esikhethiwe sisetshenziselwa ukufafaza ukhukhamba. 
Umanyolo otholakala kalula futhi ongawusizo - umquba, uzokusiza ukunqoba ukutheleleka kwefungal. Ukuze ulungise ingxube, uthathe izingxenye ezintathu zamanzi kanye nengxenye 1 yomquba, ugxume futhi ushiye izinsuku ezingu-4-5. Bese uhlunga isisombululo esilungisiwe, hlaziya ngamanzi futhi usebenze ukhukhamba. Le ndlela ayikusizi nje ukunqoba lesi sifo, kodwa iphinde isondle isitshalo, ingeza ubungako kuyo.
Thola ukuthi kungani ikhukhamba i-ovaries iphenduka ophuzi, indlela yokubhekana ne-powdery isikhutha kanye ne-fusarium wilt, nendlela yokuphatha izitshalo ezifweni nasezinambuzane.
Izinhlobo eziphikisayo
Ngenxa yokukhethwa okuqhubekayo kwezitshalo zemifino kutshalwa ikhukhamba izinhlobo ezingahambisani nomkhuhlane we-downy. Ngokwemvelo, akekho othi lapho utshala lezi zinhlobonhlobo, awusoze wazi izibonakaliso ze-peronosporosis ezitshalweni zakho, kodwa ingozi yokutheleleka iyanciphisa kakhulu.
Ukuncintisana kufanele kunikelwe ukhukhamba alandelayo:
- "Darling" - ukumelana ne-peronosporoza, ukuhlukahluka kunomkhiqizo omuhle, kanye nokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu. Izithelo zivuthwe cishe izinsuku ezingu-55 emva kokuvela.
- "Umfana onomunwe" - ukuvuthwa kwezitshalo ngosuku lwama-40 emva kokuhluma, okungukuthi, masinyane. Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nezinambuzane nezifo.
- "Spring" - Ezihlukahlukene ezivezwa yizivuno eziphakeme kakhulu nokungazitholi, nazo ziyakwazisa ukunambitheka kwayo. Izithelo zivuthiwe ngosuku lwama-50 emva kokuhluma.
Uyazi? Kukhona umkhosi ozinikezelwe kule mifino. - NgoJulayi 27 yiSuku LamaKhakama Lomhlaba Wonke.
Ukuze uvikele isitshalo sakho kusuka ekutheleleni kwe-fungal, kufanele ulandele imithetho yezobuchwepheshe bezolimo futhi, yiqiniso, uhlale unakekelwa futhi uhlomile ngokugcwele. Uma izibonakaliso zokuqala ze-peronosporosis zivela ngokuzumayo, kumele siqale ukusebenza ngejubane lokukhanyisa, futhi senze ukuthi yini okufanele senze.
