Inkinga yamagundane ijwayele abanikazi abaningi bemindeni yangasese, ngoba ukulwa nabo ngezinye izikhathi kudlala indima ebalulekile enhlanganweni yayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanikazi bezindlu zokuhlala bangase bahlangane nezinambuzane ezinjengalezi, njengamanye amazwe lezi zilwane ezincane zihamba zisuka emagcekeni angena eminyangweni. Indlela efinyeleleka kunazo zonke futhi eyaziwa kakhulu yokuqeda ukuhlupheka okunjalo yi-rodenticides - amakhemikhali kusho ukumelana namagundane, okungukuthi, ubuthi. Ake sibone ukuthi yikuphi, yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhona nokuthi zingayisebenzisa kanjani.
Kuyini?
Okokuqala, kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi i-rodenticide yinoma yikuphi amakhemikhali akhethekile asetshenziselwa ukuvikela izitshalo ezitshalwa ngamagundane namagundane. Ukwakheka okunjalo kungase kube kokubili okuvela emzimbeni nangokwenyama, kepha ukhetho lokugcina luyaziwa kakhulu, njengoba lwenziwa ngendlela efinyelelekayo. Ngokushesha ngemva kokusebenzisa kwabo, uzobona ukuthi lezi zidakamizwa eziphumelelayo ngempela.
Ukulwa nama-insects, izinambuzane zisetshenziswa: "Aktara", "Aktellik", "Konfidor", "Decis", "Calypso", "Fastak", "Vertimek", "Lepidotsid", "Kemifos", "Enzio", " Nemabakt, Aktofit.
Imfuneko esemqoka kunoma yiyiphi i-rodenticide iyindlela ebukeka ekhangayo futhi iphunga lezinambuzane. Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi amagundane ahlukaniswe ngobuhlakani obuphakeme; ngakho-ke, ukuze badle ubuthi, akufanele kuvusa noma yikuphi ukusola kuwo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nangemva kokuba ubuthi bekungene emzimbeni wezinambuzane, ngeke ukuqala ngokushesha ukwenza okuthile, okuhlinzekwa ngokukhethekile ukukhulisa inani lemali edliwe (ngaphandle kokwesaba, amagundane angadla okungaphezu kweyodwa umthamo).
Iningi lalezi zinhlanganisela ezigabeni zokuqala zibangela ukuhlaselwa kwe-choking in the rodent, okubangela ukuba ushiye indawo ngaphandle futhi afe lapho. Kodwa-ke, lapho ukhetha izidakamizwa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ayinayo imiphumela efanayo ezilwaneni ezifuywayo, ngoba zingadla i-rodent enezinyosi.
I-Rodenticides ivame ukufika ngendlela yezinhlanzi eziqediwe (okusanhlamvu, ama-granules noma ama-briquettes), futhi kuphela ezimbalwa zazo ezinganikezwa ngendlela ye-powder noma i-liquid.
Uyazi? Ukubhujiswa kwamagundane ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, izindlela zegesi zazisetshenziswa kabanzi. Ngokokuqala ngqa, kwasetshenziswa amagesi aphefumulayo ukuze aqede ama-gopher ngo-1917, njengoba abhubhisa isivuno emasimini esifundazweni saseTomsk. Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, ngaphezu kwe-chlorine, ingxube yayo ne-phosgene ne-substance ehlanzekile yaqala ukusetshenziswa, kanye nezinhlanganisela lapho i-chlorine ne-sulfuryl chloride zahlanganiswa khona.
Ukuhlukaniswa nokujatshulwa
Ukuhlukaniswa kwawo wonke ama-rodenticides abe ngamaqembu kuthatha izinga lokuchayeka kwesifo sofuzo ezilwaneni, kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali (okuphilayo kanye nemvelo). Okuthakazelisayo nakakhulu ijubane lesenzo sobuthakathaka emzimbeni wesilwane, ngoba leli pharamitha likuvumela ukubala isikhathi sokususwa kwazo zonke izinambuzane.
Isenzo
Imithi enjalo iholela ekufeni kwenkathazo ngesikhathi esifushane (kusuka kumaminithi angu-30 kuya kumahora angu-24). Izinhlanganisela ezinjalo zihlanganisa i-arsenic compounds, i-zinc phosphide, i-strychnine nezinye. Bonke banesisindo esiphakeme sobunobuthi, yingakho bengathengiswa mahhala. Ezimweni eziningi, zisetshenziselwa kuphela abameleli bezinsizakalo ze-sanitary-epidemiological. 
Okungapheliyo
Iqembu le-rodenticide elibhekene ne-subacute noma elingapheli lihlanganisa izinto ezingenzi ngokushesha emagundeni, kodwa kancane kancane ziqoqa emizimbeni yazo futhi zibonise ukusebenza kwazo kuphela ngokugxila ngokwanele. Ngokuvamile, umphumela kufanele ulinde amasonto ambalwa.
Amakhemikhali anjalo afaka okuthiwa "ama-anticoagulants", okuholela ekuphazamiseni ukuphuma kwegazi kanye ne-hemorrhages amaningi ebulala izinambuzane. Umphumela osheshayo walezi zidakamizwa awubangeli noma yiziphi izimpawu ze-rodenticide ubuthi emagatsini, okusho ukuthi bazobuyela enobuthi izikhathi eziningana. 
Imithetho ejwayelekile yesicelo
Ngomphumela omuhle kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise ukwakheka okutholiwe, kubalulekile ukuqonda izindlela ezingenzeka zokusetshenziswa kwazo, ezihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili: nokuba khona kwe-bait futhi ngaphandle kwayo. Esikhathini sokuqala, kubalulekile ukulungisa kahle ubuthi noma ukuwuthengisa ifomu eliqediwe futhi ulichithe endaweni yokuhlala yamagundane.
Wonke amathuluzi anjalo anikezwa ngendlela eyomile (i-powdered, cereal, granular, i-briquette enzima futhi epholile) kanye nama-baits (u-5-10% ushukela uhlanjululwa emanzini, ubhiya, ubisi noma enye i-liquid ekhangayo). 
Esikhathini esilandelayo, inhlanganisela yobuthi isetshenziselwa ingxube eholayo noma ubuthi buvele buhlakazwe kuyo. Iziqukathi ezilungiselelwe zifakwe ezindaweni ezinamazinga aphansi okumswakama, futhi ngenani eliphezulu lamantongomane, inqubo iphindaphindiwe kuze kube yilapho ibhujiswa ngokuphelele.
Indlela engafuniyo yokusabalalisa izinto ezinobuthi ihilela ukusebenzisa ama-rodenticide dusts (okwenziwe ngama-anticoagulants), ama-pastes nama-foam, okusetshenziselwa ukufaka phansi phansi noma ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi kwezindonga, lapho izilwane zingathola khona ibala elihle kubo.
Ukufika esikhunjeni sabo, uboya nama-membrane amancane, kancane kancane ubuthi buyangena emzimbeni wakhe, kubangele ukusabela okufanele. Indlela efana ne-powder ye-poison ifaneleke kakhulu ngezinhloso ezinjalo, ukuze izilwane "zingabelana" nezihlobo zazo (kahle zixubaniswe ngengubo, ngokushesha ziwela esikhumbeni). 
Kubalulekile! Kungcono ukungasebenzisi izindlela ze-besprimanochny ezindaweni lapho ezinye izilwane ezifuywayo zivame ukuthenga noma ukuthenga izinto ezingaba yingozi kubo.Kwezinye izimo, ngokwesibonelo, empini yokulwa namagundane ama-grey, kufanelekile ukushintsha ukusetshenziswa kwazo zombili izindlela, ngoba lezi zinduku zibona noma yikuphi ukumboza futhi zidlule eceleni kwezinto eziyingozi.
Izinyathelo zokuphepha
Ukusebenza nanoma iyiphi i-pesticide ihlotshaniswa nengozi ethile empilweni yalabo abayisebenzisayo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuthenga amakhemikhali ngokumelene namagundane, kudingekile ukuba uzijwayele imikhuba yokuphepha lapho usebenzisa. Yiqiniso, labo bantu kuphela abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-18 ubudala futhi abangenayo ukuphikisana nezinyathelo ezinjalo (isibonelo, ukusabela kwemizwa, isikhathi sokubeletha noma ukuncelisa) kufanele basebenze ne-rodenticides. 
Ukupakisha, ukulungiselela ubuthi kanye nokuhlelwa kwawo ezindaweni zokuqoqwa kwemithwalo yezinambuzane kufanele kwenziwe kuphela izingubo ezikhethekile, ezenziwe ngendwangu noma ekhanda ejwayelekile, izicathulo zokuzivikela kanye namagilavu (uma usebenza ngamakhemikhali ahlanzekile, kufanele abe ifilimu noma ifilimu egayiwe). Futhi, amehlo ayavikelwa (izibuko ezitshengiswayo ziyasetshenziswa) kanye nezitho zokuphefumula (isisindo esikhethekile noma ukuphefumula kungagqunywa ebusweni).
Kubalulekile! Uma ungenayo iglavu yegraberi esandleni, ungasebenzisa amagilavu wezokwelapha avamile, kuphela okumele uhlole ubuqotho bawo nokungapheleli. Uma umswakama ungena ngaphakathi, ama-mittes ashintshwa ngokushesha lapho kuhlanganiswa nokuhlanza okumile.Ngemuva komsebenzi, izingubo ezihlangana nama-pesticides kufanele zisuswe masinyane, futhi zenze lesi senzo ngokulandelana okulandelayo: ngaphandle kokukhipha igilavu ezandleni, zihlanza kuqala isisombululo soda (10 g kufanele zithathwe nge-500 g wezinto ezibalwe), bese zihlanza emanzini futhi ususe umoya wokuphefumula, izigqoko nezicathulo.
Bese ususe izingubo nemisipha emzimbeni. Iso nokuvikelwa kokuphefumula kufanele kuhlanzwe nesisombululo soda, ama-gloves kufanele asuswe futhi izandla kufanele zihlanjwe ngaphansi kwamanzi asebenzayo nesepha.Izitsha zangaphandle kufanele zithuthukiswe, zomile futhi ziphefumle kahle, bese zifakwa endaweni yokugcina emakhandini ahlukene noma abadwebi abasendlini yokuphumula (hhayi ekhaya!).
Funda indlela yokulahla izinyoka, ama-voles, ama-hares, ama-rats ama-mole, izinyoka, ama-beps, izintuthwane, ama-bark beetles, ama-weevils, ama-shrews e-dacha.
Kungenzeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe isambatho njengoba kungcolile (okungenani kanye ngesonto), Yebo, uma singakhulumi ngokuphathwa okulodwa kwendawo kusuka kumagundane.
Uma kudingekile ukuphatha indawo enkulu, okuyinto, ngokufanele, izothatha isikhathi esiphezulu, ngakho-ke yonke imizuzu engu-50 udinga ukwenza ikhefu elineshumi nanhlanu, ngokususwa kokuphoqeleka kwezingubo namaski okuzivikela. Hamba emoyeni omusha noma uye ekamelweni elithile lapho kungekho khona imfucuza ye-rodenticide. 
Kuvinjelwe ukubhema, ukudla noma ukuphuza ngesikhathi somsebenzi ukuze kuvikelwe amakhemikhali ekufinyeleleni isikhumba kanye nezibungu ezinomuthi. Uma kunomonakalo esikhunjeni (ngisho nokukhwabanisa noma ukusikeka okuncane), kungcono ukubeka umsebenzi komunye umuntu noma, uma kungenzeka, ukubambezela ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali.
Lapho kusetshenzwa izakhiwo ezinkulu (isibonelo, emafektri) kungcono ukusebenza ngamaqembu amancane noma okungenani ngamabili.
Uyazi? Amagundane kuphela abameleli bezilwane abangakaze bagule. Iqiniso liwukuthi azikwazi ukuzwa ngokomzimba ngokomzwelo onjalo, okwenziwa yizintuthwane ezibuthakathaka ze-diaphragm nokuhluleka kwesisu ukuvumelanisa ngendlela yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthumela ukudla emuva.
Imithi ethandwa kakhulu
Emakethe yanamuhla kunamalungiselelo amaningi wokulawula i-rodent. Ngamunye wabo unobuthi ngendlela yakhe, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokukhetha indlela yokucubungula insimu yayo, udinga ukucabangela izici zayo ezilandelayo: indawo yokuhlala yindawo noma izitsha zokugcina impahla, amagaraji noma amagaraji. 
Amanye amakhemikhali angabangela ubuthi bomuntu ngisho nalapho ephikisiwe, okusho ukuthi akufanelekile ukucubungula izindlu. Uma igcinwe ekamelweni eliqhutshiwe, imikhiqizo yokudla kufanele ivikelwe ekungenakwenzeka ukuxhumana no-rodenticides.
Cabangela okukhethwa kukho okuthandwa kakhulu kwamathuluzi anjalo:
- "Ukufa kom Rat" - mhlawumbe ukwakheka okudumile kakhulu kokusetshenziswa komuntu siqu. Iqukethe i-anticoagulant eguqula ukubunjwa kwegazi lezinambuzane, futhi imphoqe ukuba aphume emgwaqweni, lapho efa khona. Njengoba kulesi simo icala lokudliwa yizinyosi alitholakali futhi izilwane azikwazi ukuthola izibonakaliso zalo, abantu abangabathintekile abavumelani nokwesaba futhi ngokushesha bazoba izisulu ezilandelayo. Lokhu kulungiselelwa kuqukethe kokubili izingxenye ze-antimicrobial kanye nama-flavour ezandisa ukusebenza komkhiqizo iminyaka emibili. Iphakethe elilodwa elithi "Rat Rat Death" liyoba ngokwanele ukusingatha indawo engu-40 yemitha.
- "Krysid" - i-powder enezinzuzo eziningi nezinkinga. Lezi zithintekayo zithinta kakhulu ukusabalalisa kwegazi kwezinambuzane futhi kubangela ukufa kwabo ngaphansi kosuku ngemuva kokusebenzisa ubuthi. Ukuze uhlale endlini yamakati, izinja nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo, ukwakheka kunobuthi obuphansi, ngakho-ke, kufanelekile kokubili ukulwa namagundane engaphansi, nokuziqeda ezakhiweni zezolimo. Ingaxubaniswa nembewu, okusanhlamvu, okusanhlamvu, isinkwa ngisho nesikhisi sase-cottage. Amagundane amancane ekugcineni ahlakulele ukuzivikela emzimbeni we "Rat", yingakho akufanele isetshenziswe kaningi kunanye kanye nezinyanga ezimbalwa.
- "Golif" - enye yezindlela ezisheshayo futhi ezisebenzayo kakhulu zalolu hlobo. It is ikakhulukazi asetshenziswa abasebenzi professional izinsiza zangasese, futhi ukufa kwamagundane akenzi ngokushesha, kodwa emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, okwenza kwenzeke ukuba kungabangela ukwethuka esiyimbethweni izihlobo zabantu abanegciwane. Njengamanye amakhemikhali amaningi afanayo, i- "Golif" ibangela umuzwa wokuntuleka kwe-oxygen futhi yenza amagundane namagundane aphume emakhaya abo. Okusho ukuthi bafa ngaphandle kwesakhiwo, ngaleyo ndlela bagweme ukusabalala kwephunga elimnandi esakhiweni ngokwaso.
- I-Nutcracker. Kuyinto yokwakhiwa kwe-gelatin, ehlinzekwe ngendlela yamabala apula. Kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zendawo: ezindaweni zokuhlala nezingahlali, futhi ubuthi abulahlekelwa yizindawo ngisho nangomswakama ophezulu.
- "Mortorat". Leli khambi lihlukile kwezinye izilungiso ezifanayo ngokubakhona kwe-brodifacum ekubunjweni kwayo - into esebenzayo eyenza ukumiswa komzimba wesilwane ngemuva kokufa kwayo. Yiqiniso, akukho sidumbu esiphunga ozwayo. Isidakamizwa sinikezwa ngendlela ye-briquettes, ebeka ezindaweni lapho izinambuzane zibuthelela khona ukubhujiswa okungapheli (ibanga eliphakathi kwebheja eliseduze akufanele lidlule ngamamitha amahlanu). Isikhathi salesi sidakamizwa - izinsuku ezingu-5, ngemva kwalokho ukufa kwamagundane.
- "Zookumarin" - ubuthi njengendlela i-powder eyomile, ehlanganiswe nokudla futhi idilizwe ezindaweni lapho amagundane ayasebenza khona. Uma usebenzisa, kukhona ukulahlekelwa ngamaphesenti angu-100% kanye nokuhlanza ama-70% ekamelweni kusuka kwamagundane. Ukuqothulwa kokufa kwezinyosi kuwela ngosuku lwama-7-10 emva kokuthatha isikhala.
Anticoagulant rodenticides
Ngo-1942, izwe lafunda ngento efana ne-coumarin, futhi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ososayensi bathola izinhlanganisela zokuzijabulisa, okwaba yinto yokuguqula empini ngamagundane. Ngakho-ke, esikhundleni sokufuna izidakamizwa ezinobuthi obukhulu, izingqondo eziqhakazile zanquma ukuhamba ngendlela ehlukile, zembula ukuthi kungenzeka yini ama-anticoagulants.
Uma ugonywe ngamanani amancane noma uma kuthathwa kanye, akubangeli noma yikuphi ukubonakaliswa kobuhlungu, futhi ubuthi bawo buyanda ngokusetshenziswa okulandelayo kokubuthi.
Uma iqoqo layo eliphakeme liqoqwe, zonke izinhlayiya ezinjalo zifaka ekuphazanyeni kwezinqubo zemvelo zokweqa igazi futhi kwandise ukuguqulwa kwezindonga zamathambo egazi, okuholela ekubukeni kwezinambuzane eziningi zegazi futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ekufeni kwezilwane. 
Ngaphakathi isizukulwane sokuqala Izinto ezinjalo zihlanganisa "Zookumarin", "Dikumarol", "Kumakhlor", "Difenacin", "Fentolatsin", "Ethylfenacin", "Warfarin". Konke kunomphumela owodwa ovamile: ukufeza okufunayo, kudingeka uqiniseke ukuthi amagundane adla izinhlanzi izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi labo liyakwazi ukukhiqiza igciwane lesandulela ngculaza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okusho ukuthi "ukungaqedi" kanye, umthamo onjalo olandelayo ngeke uwuthathe.
Isizukulwane sesibili ama-anticoagulants amelwa yizidakamizwa ze-Flocumafen, i-Brodifacum, i-Bromadiolone, eyingozi kunazo zonke izinambuzane, okungukuthi, umthamo owodwa kuphela wesidakamizwa uholela ekufeni. Kumele kuthiwa lezi zingoma zithandwa kakhulu futhi zisebenzisekile esikhathini sethu, nakuba akuzona zonke ezivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa ngezidingo zomuntu siqu.
Izinketho ezivumelekile zifaka i-rodenticides ngendlela yama-bait granulated okwenziwe ngomumo, ngamafomu okugaya noma ama-briquetted (isibonelo, Isibungu siyithuluzi elinikezwe ngendlela eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-wax briquettes, ne-Klerat kuyizinhlayiya, okuthi, ngokuphepha, yenza ubuhlungu kakhulu ukuze abantu baze bawagwinya ngengozi, futhi amagundane angabi nomuzwa wokufutheka). 
Isilinganiso izinambuzane ezithinta ama-anticoagulants kuncike esimweni sabo sokuqala nomthamo wesibisi esithathiwe, ngakho-ke, singahluka kusukela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya emavikini amabili.
Uyazi? Ithuluzi lokuqala lobunikazi lobunikazi lwaloluhlobo iWarfarin, eyakhiwa kuphela ukubulala amakhofu futhi yayinobuthi obukhulu emzimbeni womuntu. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi ngokuqondile ngo-1955, lesi sidakamizwa sasihlinzekwa kubantu abaye bahlaselwa yinhliziyo, okwakwenziwa ikakhulukazi ngokuzibulala kwabantu abaningi.Njengoba ubona, kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezizosiza ukuqeda izilokazane zesitshalo ngokukodwa, kodwa uma uzikhetha, ungakhohlwa ukufunda zonke izici, futhi uma uzisebenzisa - uzivikele ngokufanele ekuthintaneni okungafuneki.
