Umndeni we-Aroid, noma umndeni wakwa-Aronnikov, uhlanganisa izitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-3,000. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-Anthurium, iMonstera, i-Dieffenbachia, iZamioculcas, iSpathiphyllum. Zonke zikhule ngaphakathi endlini. I-Spathiphyllum idume ngokubizwa ngokuthi "injabulo yabesifazane" ngesisa samaqabunga kanye nophondo. Ukwenza lesi sitshalo esihlukile sithokomele emafasiteleni futhi siqhume, kudingeka inhlabathi ekhethwe kahle.
Izidingo zebanga le-spathiphyllum
Ukuqonda ukuthi hlobo luni lomhlabathi oludingekayo kwi-spathiphyllum, kufanele uthole imininingwane eminingi ngendawo yayo yemvelo. Endle, imbali itholakala emahlathini ashisayo aseNingizimu Melika. Inhlabathi lapha igcwele izakhi zomzimba ngenxa yokuvuselelwa okuqhubekayo kwesendlalelo sezinto eziphilayo, esinezingxenye eziwohlokayo zezitshalo kanye nokubola. Izinga lomhlabathi le-spathiphyllum kufanele lihluke:
- ubuhlakani;
- umswakama
- ukuphefumula;
- ubungane bemvelo.
Amahlahla amabi we-spathiphyllum angahlobisa noma yikuphi okungaphakathi
Inhlabathi ejwayelekile kulesi simila ine-pH engathathi hlangothi noma ene-acidic ebangeni le-5-5,5.
Nakani! Ukungezelelwa kwezingxenyeni ezihlanganisiwe enhlabathini ye-spathiphyllum kuzothuthukisa ukuhamba kwe-air endaweni ye-basal.
Yikuphi ukwakheka kwenhlabathi okudingekayo imbali "injabulo yensikazi"
Imvamisa bathola izingcezwana ezenziwe ngomumo ze-Aroid. Abatshali bezimbali abanolwazi bayazi ukuthi noma yimuphi umhlaba womhlaba wonke awungafaneleki futhi badinga ukucolisiswa. Umhlaba ofanele we-spathiphyllum kufanele ube nokwakheka okulandelayo:
- ishidi noma umhlabathi wefudu;
- Peat;
- amakesi enwetshiwe wobumba noma wezitini;
- amalahle;
- i-moss sphagnum;
- isihlabathi somfula wamalahle;
- i-mineral baking powder (vermiculite, perlite).
Bengatholi ngokuthengisa umhlaba okhethekile we-spathiphyllum, baphendukela ekuhlanganisweni kwabo okuzimele.
Ingabe umhlaba wokutshala nokutshala kufanele wehluke?
Ukutshala imbali engafani nembewu yindaba ethinta izisebenzi futhi akuhlali kuletha imiphumela oyifunayo. Lapho into enjalo yokutshala isezandleni ze-florist, umbuzo ungaphakama: hlobo luni lomhlaba oludingekayo ekuhlumeni kwe-spathiphyllum?
Ukuvuselela inhlabathi, kwesinye isikhathi buyisela ungqimba lwayo oluphezulu ebhodweni
Ukuthola izithombo, ingxube ye-sand-peat ifaneleka kakhulu, lapho kulula kakhulu ukugcina izinga elidingekayo lomswakama kanye nomoya. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga angempela ezitshalweni, angena ngaphakathi kwe-substrate ngokufakwa kwezinye izinto ezidingekayo ku-spathiphyllum.
Yiluphi umhlaba abantu abadala abangama-spathiphyllum abatshala kuwo? Isakhiwo sombali esivuthiwe sitshalwe emhlabathini ngenhlanganisela enconyiwe esondele emvelweni.
Ungayinikeza kanjani inhlabathi efanelekile lapho utshala endaweni evulekile?
Kwesinye isikhathi abalimi basebenzisa izihlahla ezivulekile ze-spathiphyllum ukuthola umhlaba ngendlela ehlobo. Kudlulisa imbali kumhlaba ovulekile ehlobo, bagaya umgodi wokutshala, bawugxobe kahle bese bewugcwalisa nge-substrate efanelekile.
Izinzuzo nokudliswa kwenhlabathi eqediwe nokuzenzele wena
Ukwazi ukuthi yimuphi umhlaba olungele i-spathiphyllum, ungakhula isihlahla esiqhakazile futhi esiqhakaza kakhulu efasiteleni lakho. Ukuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi okulungelekile kusiza ngoba kuqeda isidingo sokusebenzisa isikhathi esengeziwe nomzamo. Kepha, uma kukhulunywa ngomhlaba jikelele, amaphuzu abalulekile anjengalawa:
- isilinganiso sezakhi zokwakha;
- ukwelapha amagciwane;
- izinga le-acidity.
Akukaze kuthengiswe njalo inhlabathi yama-Aroids. Ukwakha izimo ezifanele, bavame ukuxuba umhlaba ngezandla zabo.
Ungapheka kanjani umhlaba ekhaya
Ukulungiselela ingxube yenhlabathi akunzima njengoba kungenzeka. Ikakhulu ekuthengisweni ungathola ngisho nezinto ezithile ezifana ne-moss sphagnum noma kakhukhunathi.
Ukuthola inhlabathi ethandwa yi-spathiphyllum, zixuba:
- Izingxenye ezi-2 ze-peat;
- Izingxenye ezi-2 zamaqabunga anempilo noma umhlaba wesod;
- 1 ingxenye yesihlabathi esimahara;
- 1 ingxenye sphagnum.
Inhlabathi kufanele ibe lula futhi ixege.
Ngokwakheka okukhona, kuhlanganiswa inhlanganisela yomquba omncane, ama-chips wamalahle, amagxolo kaphayini nezinaliti. Kuvunyelwe ukuhlanganisa i-perlite ne-vermiculite ukuze wengeze ukuthambeka kwenhlabathi futhi ukucebise ngamaminerali.
Nakani! Umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi nge-nitrogen, potassium, ne phosphorus uyenezelwa kwinhlanganisela yenhlabathi elungiselelwe ngaphambi kokutshala i-spathiphyllum.
Ungayikhetha kanjani i-substrate eqediwe
Lapho sesithole ukuthi inhlabathi ye-spathiphyllum kufanele ibe yini, kulula kakhulu ukukhetha inhlabathi yomhlaba wonke efana nokwakheka. Phakathi kwabakhiqizi abakhiqiza inhlabathi yama-Android, kukhona:
- IVermion;
- I-Seliger-agro;
- I-Bio-Master;
- Ingadi ye-Eco.
Unembe ngamunye ophelele unezinzuzo eziningi nekhwalithi ephezulu. Bahlukaniswa yizinga elifanelekile le-acidity nokuqukethwe okufanele kwezakhi ze-organic. Esiqeshini esinjengalesi, "injabulo yabesifazane" izozizwa ikhululekile, ithole konke okudingayo ukuze uthole izondlamzimba nokukhula okugcwele.
Ngemuva kokutshala isitshalo enhlabathini entsha, uthenge noma uhlanganiswe ngokukhulu ukuzimela, kudinga ukuqashelwa ngokucophelela. Ushintsho oluncane kakhulu lokubi lungakhombisa amaphutha enziwe lapho ukhetha ingxube yenhlabathi noma enye.
Yini engezwa enhlabathini ethengiwe ukuze ithuthukiswe
Lapho uphothula umugqa oseqediwe, naka ukuthi iziphi izakhi ezifakiwe kuwo ekuqaleni. Uma incazelo ikhombisa ukuthi ukwakheka akuqukethe izinto ezimbalwa ezidingekayo (isibonelo, i-peat noma isihlabathi), kuyanconywa ukungezwa.
Uma kunqunywe ukuthi wengeze amalungiselelo amaminerali wokulungiselela noma umanyolo we-organic emhlabeni othengiwe, kubalulekile ukulandela ngokucophelela imiyalo esephaketheni. Ukwephulwa komthamo kungalimaza kakhulu uhlelo oluyimpande lwembali futhi kuholele ekufeni kwayo.
Emhlabathini othengiwe one-acidity ephezulu yokunciphisa i-pH engeza i-lime egayiwe, ufulawa we-dolomite noma umlotha. Uma inhlabathi ine-alkaline, khona-ke i-peat, humus noma umanyolo we-nitrogenous ungezelelwa kuyo.
Imininingwane eyengeziwe! Ungathola i-acidity yenhlabathi usebenzisa isethi yemichilo ye-litmus, uphonsa enye yazo ingxube yomhlaba namanzi.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ungashisi izimpande ezintekenteke ngomanyolo owedlulele
Ukubulala amagciwane umhlaba ngaphambi kokutshala noma ukufaka esikhundleni i-spathiphyllum
Lapho ulungiselela ingxube yenhlabathi ngokuzimela, abalimi bavame ukusebenzisa ingadi noma umhlaba wamahlathi, oqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto ezincane ezingama-pathogenic, amagciwane kanye nezinambuzane. Futhi kwesinye isikhathi ungavula iphakheji ngomhlabathi ophelile bese uthola ukuthi naye udinga ukungabulawa magciwane.
Emzabalazweni wokubhujiswa kwamagciwane ayingozi nezifo zesikhunta, amalungiselelo uFitosporin, uGamair kanye no-Alarin azibonakalise kahle. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo kuzokwenza ukwakheka kuthokomele "injabulo yabesifazane".
Ukwelashwa okushisa kwenhlabathi nakho kuyenziwa. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziphambili - ukubalwa kuhhavini kanye nqabela.
Esimweni sokuqala, inhlabathi ithululelwa ephepheni lokubhaka, ungqimba lugxothwe bese ubekwa kuhhavini, lapho lugcinwa khona imizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwe-20 lapho izinga lokushisa ligcina ama-degrees angama-120. Ukuze iqhwa, i-substrate ishiyelwa kuvulandi ebusika izinsuku eziningana. Indlela yokugcina ibhekwa njengengasebenzi kahle, njengoba ezinye izinambuzane nezinhlamvu zesikhunta zingabusika enhlabathini.
Ukudilizwa
Akunandaba ukuthi i-substrate ikhululeka futhi imanzi kangakanani, lapho ukutshala isithako sendlu ebhodweni, ungqimba lwamanzi lubekwa phansi phansi. I-spathiphyllum yamathenda ayihlukile - ukumiswa komswakama enhlabathini kuyingozi kuwo. Ungakha i-drainage kusuka kuzakhi:
- isitini esaphukile;
- amatshe abunjiwe wobumba noma lomfula;
- amatshe amatshe
Abanye abatshali bezimbali basebenzisa i-polystyrene ngale njongo noma baphuke baba yizicucwana zomkhiqizo wepulasitiki. Le ndlela izonikeza ukuvunyelwa komoya kwendawo yezimpande. Inemvelo imvelo futhi ayizilimazi izitshalo nhlobo.
Ukudonswa kwamanzi kuzosusa umswakama ngokweqile ebhodweni
Izinkinga nge-spathiphyllum ekhulayo ngenxa yenhlabathi engafanele
Ukwephulwa kokutshala nokukhethwa okungalungile kwenhlabathi ye-spathiphyllum kungaholela ekutheni imbali ihlale ihlangabezana nezifo ezahlukahlukene, amaqabunga ayo azoqala ukoma. Kungathinta nekhono lokuqhakaza: esikhundleni sesitshalo esiqhakazayo, sikhulula njalo imicibisholo emisha ngemicibisholo, izoshintsha ibe isihlahla sobala.
Azikho izindlela zokunakekela imbali, noma ihambisana ngokuphelele nobuchwepheshe bezolimo, ayikwazi ukulungisa amaphutha ekukhetheni inhlabathi. Ngenxa yenhlabathi eminyene, umswakama uzohlala ezimpandeni isikhathi eside kunesidingo, okuzoholela ekuwohlokeni kwawo. Ekugcineni, isitshalo singafa.
Imininingwane eyengeziwe! Uma "injabulo yabesifazane" etshalwe emhlabathini ofanele ivuma ukuqhakaza, ivuselelwa ngokudluliselwa ebhodweni elincane.
Uma imbali itshalwe emhlabathini, engakwazi ukugcina umswakama isikhathi esanele futhi yomile njalo, lapho-ke amabala ansundu aqala ukubumba. Okufanayo kuyabonakala lapho kuphulwa ibhalansi ye-asidi ekwakhiweni kwenhlabathi. Kulokhu, lesi sitshalo sibukeka singenamandla, siyingozi. Uma kungekho zinyathelo ezifanele, ukuqhekeka kwe-spathiphyllum kungekudala kuzothuthukisa ukubonakala kokutheleleka noma ukuhlaselwa kwezilokazane.
Abatshali bezimbali bokuqala, besebenzisa ingxube yenhlabathi yekhwalithi engathandeki, ngesinye isikhathi bangakunaki ukuphathwa kwezinambuzane. Kulokhu, babhekene nama-parasites ahlukahlukene, phakathi kwawo atholakala kakhulu:
- isinambuzane esikalini;
- i-aphid;
- isicabucabu mite;
- mealybug.
Ngemuva kokuthola izimpawu zokuba khona kwezinambuzane, masinyane thatha izinyathelo zokuzitshabalalisa. Kulokhu, imbali idluliselwa intshalwe ngokucophelela inhlabathi entsha. Ngenhloso yokuvimbela, inhlabathi iqeda izinhlamvu zezifo ezahlukahlukene zokukhunta.
Imbali etshalwe ezweni elifanele idinga ukunakekelwa okuncane.
I-Spathiphyllum, yize inemvelaphi engafani nezinye, ithathwa njengento edingeka kakhulu endlini. Kunikezwe umsoco owanele, isihlahla sijabulisa umhlwanyeli ngamahlamvu aluhlaza nokuqhakaza okuningi.
