Ama-nutrients (macronutrients) angacatshangwa njengalawo asisiza isitshalo sakha futhi sikhule. Ukungabi nalutho okungenani kuyingozi ekuthuthukiseni isitshalo. Izithelo zomvini azikho futhi zikhethekile ngokucwilisa inhlabathi ngezakhi. Yingakho kubalulekile kuzo zonke izitshalo ukuthi zikwazi kanjani ukuvuna amagilebhisi entwasahlobo nokuthi yikuphi umanyolo okufanelekile ukwandisa isivuno.
Iziphi izakhi zomvini ezidingayo?
Amagilebhisi adinga izakhi eziningi. Uma utshala, njalo kunconywa ukuba ulethe inani elikhulu lomanyolo emgodini. Ngakho-ke, awudingi ukugqoka okuphezulu kokuqala kweminyaka emithathu kuya kweyine, lapho isitshalo singenzi isivuno.
Kodwa eminyakeni elandelayo kuzodingeka ukuba uqube isihlahla ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Futhi ukuthuthukiswa okugcwele kwamagilebhisi kuzodingeka ukuthi kulandelwe ama-macronutrients alandelayo:
- I-nitrogen. Ithinta izinga lokukhula kanye nobumnandi bamajikijolo. I-nitrogen engaphezulu emhlabathini, ama-berries ayoba mnandi. Futhi, i-nitrogen ingaba khona enhlabathini ngezindlela ezimbili: i-nitrate ne-ammonium. Owokuqala uhlanzwa ngokushesha futhi asebenze ngokushesha. I-nitrojeni ingena efomini le-nitrate ngokukhipha ama-bacterium ashisa. Ifomu lesibili lihlala isikhathi eside enhlabathini, ngakho-ke, linomphumela omude esihlahleni. Lokhu kungenxa yokusebenzisana kwayo nezinhlayiya zobumba zomhlabathi. Imuphi ifomu okungcono kumagilebhisi ancike kwi-pH yenhlabathi, kanye nohlobo lwayo (loamy noma isihlabathi). Ithinta ukujwayela kokunisela.
- Phosphorus. Ngokuba amagilebhisi akuyona into ephezulu ye-phosphorus emhlabathini, ngokuqondene nezinye izitshalo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezinga eliphansi kakhulu lalezi zinto, amagilebhisi azoyeka ukukhula futhi azoqala ukusakazeka kakhulu, futhi izimpande zizoqala ukwehlisa amandla. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uphawule njalo le nto ukuze umzimba, lapho i-phosphorus yenza njengento ebophayo, ikhiqizwa ngokugcwele.
Kubalulekile! Ama-violet amaqabunga emaqabunga amagilebhisi angabonisa ukungabi ne-phosphorus.
- Potassium. Lesi sakhi sidingeka ngamagilebhisi ngesikhathi sokukhula esikhulayo, ngoba sithinta i-photosynthesis kanye nekhwalithi yokumunwa kwamakhemikhali e-nitrogen. Inani elikhulu kakhulu le-potassium litholakala emaqabeni amancane namahlumela. Useziqenjini, kodwa okuqukethwe kwayo akubalulekile. Kungenxa ye-potassium ukuthi ukukhuphuka kwamanzi emhlabathini kuncishisiwe, kanti amagilebhisi alwe nesomiso. I-Potassium ihlanzwa kancane kancane enhlabathini enzima. Okuqukethwe kwayo enhlabathini kufanele kudlule okuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen.
- I-Magnesium. I-Yellowing yamaqabunga ingaba uphawu lwe-magnesium ephansi. Yilo msoco osiza ekwakhiweni kwe-chlorophyll - i-pigment eluhlaza yamaqabunga. I-Magnesium nayo ihileleke enkambisweni yokuhlanganiswa. I-magnesium kufanele ihlale ikhona ekwakheni ama-fertilizer, ngoba igalela ekwakheni amahlumela amasha.
- I-calcium. Lesi sici kumagilebhisi aqukethe okungaphansi kwe-potassium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-calcium ingaphezu kwamaqabunga endala, ngokungafani ne-potassium, okuyizinhlamvu ezincane zesitshalo. Ngenxa yokutholakala kwe-calcium enhlabathini elula, i-acidification ayitholakali ngokuchithwa ngokweqile. I-calcium ithinta ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwempande.
Uyazi? Amagilebhisi nobisi kufana kakhulu nokuqukethwe kwezakhi.
- Sulfure.Ukuba khona kwesibabule emhlabathini kwenza isitshalo sibe nesiprotheni esiphelele se-protein. Lesi sitho sitholakala kuma-compounds ne-calcium ne-iron. Leso sulfure siyasiza empini yokulwa ne-powdery isikhutha kanye ne-pruritus yamagilebhisi.
Kodwa ngaphandle kwezakhi ezingekho lapho isihlahla sizofa, akufanele ukhohlwe ngezinto ezilandelanayo eziwusizo (cobalt, sodium, aluminium, njll).
Ngaphandle kwabo, isitshalo singakhula, kodwa uma ezinye zezinto ezilandelanayo ziyingxenye yomhlabathi, ukulahlekelwa kwezakhi akuzona amagilebhisi amabi. Isibonelo, uma kukhona i-potassium encane enhlabathini, i-sodium inganciphisa le nkinga.
Umsuka wokugqoka
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwamagilebhisi entwasahlobo kwenziwa kokubili amaminerali, kanye namanyolo eziphilayo. Kusukela entwasahlobo le nqubo iqhutshwa ngezigaba ezimbili, ukushintshwa kwamanyolo kunokwenzeka, kanti ukukhetha ukuhlanganisa nabo kungenzeka.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izihlahla ezindala zikhokhwa kancane, zikhetha izingane ezisanda kuqala ukukhiqiza izitshalo.
Kubalulekile! Lapho ukhetha umquba, qaphela okuqukethwe kwe-chlorine kuwo. Ukunciphisa ama-chloride enhlabathini kuyoholela ekunciphiseni isivuno.
Sizoqonda ukuthi yini ongayondla amagilebhisi ngaphansi kwempande entwasahlobo. 
Umanyolo we-Organic
Udaba lwe-organic lubhekwa njengomanyolo obaluleke kunazo zonke, ngoba i-nitrogen, ithusi, insimbi, i-boron, isulfure nezinye izinto eziningi zihlanganisiwe ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Lolu hlobo lubandakanya:
- humus
- umquba
- izinyoni zezinyoni
- humus
- umquba
Zonke zazo zitholakala emfucumfuceni wezilwane nezitshalo, ngenxa yokuthi ziqukethe ama-microorganisms avumela izakhi nezindleko ezincane ezizuzisayo ukuba zitholwe enhlabathini.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze ulungise umquba womanyolo osuselwa kumanyolo, uzodinga:
- Umquba owodwa
- Izingxenye ezintathu zamanzi.
Funda indlela yokusebenzisa ingulube, inkomo, izimvu, unogwaja, umquba wehhashi ukutshala ingadi yakho.
Hlanganisa yonke into esitsheni bese uyivumela ukuba ithele isonto.
Kubalulekile! Qinisekisa ukuthi uphuthukisa ukwakheka nsuku zonke - ngakho-ke kuyoba negesi.
Ukuze usebenzise isisombululo esivele silungisiwe kumquba udinge amalitha ayishumi amanzi. Kulesi samba kunezelwa ilitha elilodwa lesisombululo bese uhlanganise kahle. Uma unomlotha, ungayifaka ngokuxuba amanzi kanye ne-slurry. Vele udinga 200 amagremu omlotha.
Indlela efanayo yokulungiselela umquba ingafakwa kwezinye izinhlobo zezindaba eziphilayo. Isimo esiyinhloko ukuvuthwa komanyolo okhiqizwa phakathi nesonto. Le nqubo inikeza izinga eliphezulu le-nitrogen.
Umanyolo we-Organic - yilokho okudingayo ukondla amagilebhisi entwasahlobo emva kokuvula. Bazosiza isihlahla siphume ngemuva kokubusika.
Amaminerali amaminerali
Lolu hlobo lomanyolo luhlukaniswe ngama-subspecies amaningana: eyodwa-ingxenye, ezimbili-izingxenye kanye ne-multi-component. I-subtypes yokuqala yokuqala ihlanganisa i-potassium usawoti, i-nitrophosphate, i-superphosphate, i-ammonium phosphate, i-ammonium nitrate, isulfure, i-boron.
Phakathi kwe-multi-component emit "Mortar", "Kemira", "Akvarin". Kodwa inhlabathi yamaminerali inika amagilebhisi kuphela ukudla okungeziwe futhi ayikwazi ukuqonda ngokucacile isimo somhlabathi njengento ephilayo.
Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuba uhlanganise izinhlobo ezimbili zemanyolo. Isibonelo, izinsuku ezingu-10-14 ngaphambi kokuba ziqhume, ungondla i-mullein nge-addition of superphosphate granulated ne-potassium-magnesium umanyolo. Kulokhu uzodinga:
- isisombululo se-mullein (1 litre mullein ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi);
- 25-30 g we-superphosphate;
- 25-30 g umanyolo we-potassium-magnesium.
Kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi i-superphosphate ayifuni emanzini, ngakho kufanele isetshenziswe ngokwehlukana emhlabathini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ugobe i-groove encane engu-15 cm kusukela enkabeni yehlathi. I-groove akufanele ibe ngaphezu kuka-5 cm ejulile.Njengoba ugcwalise i-superphosphate lapho, yimboze futhi uwuthulule ngamanzi amancane. Bese ufaka umanyolo we-potash-magnesium esitsheni ngesisombululo se-mullein. Ngemva kokuvusa, kungenzeka ukuthululela emipayipi yokuphuza amagilebhisi.
Uma ungenayo, ke ugobe umgudu ojikeleze ehlathini nge-radius ka-30 cm. Ukujula kwalo kufanele okungenani kube ngu-20 cm. Emva kwalokho, gcwalisa umanyolo. Uma usuphelile ukudla okunjalo, amagilebhisi kufanele athululelwe amanye amalitha ayishumi amanzi ahlanzekile.
Uyazi? Amakhilomitha ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-80 emhlabeni wonke utshalwe ngamagilebhisi.
Kodwa kunezikhathi lapho i-mullein engasetshenzisiwe. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufanele kulungiselelwe kusengaphambili, futhi umkhiqizo wokugcina ngokwawo unephunga elimnandi. Kulesi simo, ukondla kwamagilebhisi entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokusila kungenziwa yi-nitrogen fertilizer - urea. Kulokhu uzodinga:
- 80 g we-urea;
- 10 amalitha amanzi;
- 40 g we-superphosphate;
- 40 g we-fertilizer-magnesium umanyolo.
Ukulungiselela kuqala ngokungezwa kwe-superphosphate emhlabathini - umanyolo wengezwe emgodini ogwadule futhi waphuzisa. Khona-ke, emathonjeni anama-10 amalitha amanzi ahlanzekile, engeza inani elifanele le-urea ne-potassium-magnesium umanyolo.
Isixazululo sonke sigcwele amapayipu wokunisela noma i-groove egcotshwe ehlathini.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-Foliar
Umsoco we-Foliar nawo uwenziwa ngezigaba ezahlukene. Kuyadingeka, ngoba akuzona zonke izakhi zokulandelela ezithinteka ngokugcwele izimpande zamagilebhisi.
Ngakho isicelo sokuqala se-foliar wabanjwa izinsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokuchichima. Ukuze ulungiselele, kuyadingeka ukuthatha u-5 g we-boric acid nama-10 amalitha amanzi (lokhu kusekelwe esihlahleni esisodwa).
Kubalulekile! I-Boron ingaba yingozi ngamagilebhisi ngobuningi. Kodwa ukungabi nalesi sici esilandelayo kubangelwa i-leaf necrosis.
Ukugqoka okwesibili okuphoqelekile wabanjwa izinsuku ezingu-10 emva kokuqala kwezimbali. Ngoba kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ama-phosphate fertilizer kanye nokuqedwa kwe-nitrogen.
Yazi isikhathi sokusondelana kwama-foliar akwanele. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukufaneleka kokusungulwa kwama macro-micronutrients ahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, i-zinc ayitholakali kahle izimpande zamagilebhisi, ngakho ukuphalaza isisombululo se-zinc noma i-oxide yayo kuzosebenza kangcono. 
Kodwa lokhu kusebenza kuphela enhlabathini enesihlabathi nge-pH ephezulu. Kwezinye izimo, ukupuniza okwenziwe nge-zinc akudingeki.
Amathiphu awusizo
Ukuze ukondle kahle amagilebhisi entwasahlobo, kwanele ukulandela amathiphu alandelayo.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi uchitha ukudla kokuqala ngaphansi kwesimo sezulu esihle. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ezinsukwini ezilandelayo ngemuva kokuthi ngeke iqhwa.
- Uma usebenzisa umquba ngokusebenzisa amaqabunga, cabangela ukushisa nokukhanyisa kwehlathi. Izimo ezinhle kakhulu ziyoba lokushisa kwe-18-22 ° C nesibhakabhaka esinamafu noma kusihlwa lapho izinga lokushisa liyancipha, futhi ukukhanya kwelanga akushayi amaqabunga.
- Kuyadingeka ukuthi uphese phansi kweshidi.
- Umsoco we-Foliar akufanele ube kuphela entwasahlobo, kodwa ehlobo. Isibonelo, okwesithathu kubanjwe izinsuku ezingu-30-35 emva kokuqala kwezimbali (izinsuku ezingu-20-25 emva kwesibili) ngamalungiselelo e-phosphate, kanti okwesine - ngokubunjwa kwe-phosphate-potassium kwezinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ngaphambi kokuvuna.
Kungenzeka ube nesithakazelo sokufunda ukuthi yiziphi izidakamizwa ozisebenzisela isivini.
- Uma inhlabathi yakho isesihlabathi futhi inenani eliphezulu le-pH, umanyolo we-foliar onesixazululo se-zinc uzodingeka. Kungenziwa emva kokuvulwa kwesihlahla, ngaphambi kokuzimbali.
- Amakhomikhali e-organic and amaminerali angcono ahlangene.
- Umhlabathi omnyama kufanele ukhule njalo emva kweminyaka emithathu. Umhlabathi we-sandy kanye ne-loamy uhlanganiswa ngamaminerali nama-organic compounds njalo eminyakeni emibili. Umhlabathi we-Sandy udinga ukondla wonyaka.
- Kuyinto engathandeki ukuqhuba ukudla okwenziwe foliar kanyekanye nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezibhekene nezifo nezinambuzane. Kwezinye izimo, kwandisa uketshezi kwezidakamizwa.
- Khumbula ukuthi intwasahlobo yisikhathi sokunethezeka kwenhlabathi nge nitrogen, kanti ihlobo - nge-phosphorus.
- Ngaphambi kokubilisa inhlanganisela engenakwenzeka ye-foliar kanye nezimpande zokugqoka.
Ngakho, ukugqoka izimbali zomvini kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekela isihlahla, njengoba kusiza lesi sitshalo ukuthi siphume ngemuva kokubusika. Uma usebenzisa umquba, faka ngokulinganisa.
Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukugqoka okumpande ngayinye kuhambisana nokunisela okunamanzi kwamagilebhisi, kanti isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuyiqhuba sezulu esomile neseshushu. Ngakho-ke, ukugqoka kokuqala kwezimpande kwenziwa izinsuku ezingu-10-14 ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimbali, kanti lesibili - izinsuku eziyi-10-14 emva kokuqala kwezimbali.
Kulezi zinqubo, izingoma ezifanayo zomanyolo zingasetshenziswa. Izingoma ezingaphezulu zempande zisetshenziswa okokuqala izinsuku eziningana ngaphambi kokusila, kanti okwesibili - izinsuku ezingu-10 emva kokuchichima. Ungayigodli umquba, ongagcini nje ukugcina umkhuhlane wesitshalo, kodwa futhi ukwandise isivuno.
