I-Alder - enye yezitshalo ezivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezihamba kahle. Lisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa nemithi yendabuko. Kodwa lo muthi ungavame ukudideka nomuthi we-birch, onamacici. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi hlobo luni lomuthi we-alder nokuthi kungani unikezwa okunjalo.
Incazelo ye-botanical
U-Alder uyisitshalo se-bichromatic, isihlobo esiseduze se-birch. Lolu hlobo lubandakanya izihlahla nezihlahla, ngakho-ke ososayensi banezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo nezinhlobo ze-subspecies. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zingu-black alder (Alnus glutinosa).
U-Wilha, njengoba lesi sitshalo esibizwa nangokuthi, sihlahla esiqhamukayo esingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezendawo ezihlukene. Amaqabunga e-alder aqoshiwe ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezinqunyiwe futhi ezifakwe emaphethelweni, futhi isimo sabo sisekelwe efomini lokuphila. 
Isici esithakazelisayo ngamaseli e-epidermis, i-pubescence encane, esemagatsheni, amaqabunga neziqu. Lesi sici sisiza empilweni yesitshalo, kodwa asikwenzi umsebenzi wokuvikelwa ezinambuzane.
Lesi sitshalo sivame ukuchazwa ngokuthi "isihlahla esinamacici." Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi emaphethelweni we-spots spike inflorescence ikhula. Kuzo ukuthi impova ikhiwa. Ama-ovules asezincane ze-spikelets. Isihlahla sinesithelo - i-nutlet encane.
Indawo yokuhlala
Umuthi usatshalaliswa ezindaweni eziwela endaweni enomoya ophansi. Indawo yokuhlala nayo ixhomeke endleleni yokuphila yesitshalo. Ngakho-ke, itholakala ngisho nasezintabeni zaseNingizimu Melika.
Ngokuvamile, i-alder ikhula emhlabathini owomile emahlathini. Indawo yayo iqhubekela phambili ku-tundra, etholakala endaweni yesimo sezulu esezansi. 
Isayithi lakho lizohlotshaniswa nezihlahla ezinjengokuthi: i-oak ebomvu, i-arbutus, i-holly, i-maple ebomvu, i-sea buckthorn.
Izinhlobo ezidumile
Noma ubani kithi angase abe nemibono ehlukile yokuthi i-alder ibheka kanjani. Phela, uhlobo lwawo luxhomeke endaweni yokukhula. I-genus inezinhlobo ezingu-40. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezihlahla ukukhula namaqabunga, ngakho ake sihlolisise izithombe zabameleli abadumile kakhulu ku-Alder.
Isi-Italian
Endle, likhula eningizimu ye-Italy nase-Albania. Isihlahla asizithobeki emhlabathini, kodwa indawo yokuhlala ngokuvamile ihlala eduze kwamanzi. "IsiNtaliyane" ifinyelela ngamamitha angu-15-20 ukuphakama (kancane kancane u-25-28 m), ububanzi be-trunk abukho ngaphezu kwe-1 m.
Lezi zinhlobo ngokuvamile zididekile nge-alder yenhliziyo. Kodwa ziyaziwa, okokuqala, ngegama (u-Alnus cordata - isiNtaliyane (okwenhliziyo), i-Alnus subcordata - ivinjelwe inhliziyo); okwesibili, indawo yokuhlala. 
Amaqabunga e-alder ase-Italy aqinile, abushelelezi futhi angabamba kuze kuDisemba, abe nesimo se-oval futhi afinyelele ku-12 cm ubude, afana kakhulu namaqabunga ama-cherry nama-apricot.
Iqinile
Le shrub ifinyelela ku-3 m ukuphakama. I-Habitat iyisiqhingi e-Japan archipelago - Kyushu. Amaqabunga aphikisiwe emoyeni, ama-oblong kuya ku-12 cm ubude. Amagatsha amancane futhi aguquguquka, ngezinye izikhathi anezingubo ezimpunga.
Amacici avame ukuhlanganiswa kuze kufike ku-7 cm. Lesi sitshalo sithola kahle esimweni sezulu eshisayo. Izinkuni zinzima kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo. 
Umnyama
Okumnyama uhlobo lwezinhlobo ze-genus. Eyaziwa nangokuthi iYurophu ngenxa yendawo yokuhlala. Amaqabunga amancane anamathele, ngakho igama elithi "sticky" nalo litholakala. Isihlahla singaba nezihlahla ezimbili, sifinyelele ukuphakama kwama-35 m.
Umqhele awukhulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo i-volumetric (ubude obuyi-12 m ububanzi). I-trunk ifika ku-1 m ububanzi futhi inombala omnyama. Izimbali zenzeka ngokuvamile ngo-Ephreli. Umuthi okhanyayo, obekezeleleke kakhulu ukungabi khona kwezitho ezibhekele ukusetshenziswa komswakama.
Uma i-alder emnyama ikhula emathafeni asezihlahleni, khona-ke izixhaphozi ze-alder zingakha. 
I-Visloplenaya
Endle, loluhlobo lwesihlahla lukhula eChina. Kodwa manje itholakala emapaki amaningi aseNgilandi. Lo muthi uhlukaniswe ukuphakama kwawo (kufika ku-40 m) namagatsha aphansi. Amaqabunga amade futhi amancane, amacici ayedwa futhi atholakala kuma-axils amaqabunga.
Zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo zingathinteka yi-fungi, futhi izithelo kanye ne-varicella - akufani neze. Isifungulu se-marsupial sithinta ama-catkins wesifazane futhi singabangela ukukhula kwawo. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-Tarfina uhlobo lwamafomu "ama-broch witch" - iqoqo lemikhosi ngaphakathi, evame ukufana nesidleke.
Uyazi? Ezikhathini zasendulo eScandinavia, babekholelwa emlandweni onjalo: owesifazane wenziwa nge-alder, futhi indoda yenziwa ngomlotha.
Grey
I-Grey Alder itholakala kulo lonke elaseYurophu, eNyakatho Melika nase-Asia Minor. Endle, ikhula ngokushesha, iveza izithelo kanye ngonyaka, kodwa kakhulu, imbewu ithathwa umoya noma amanzi. Ngokuvamile likhula ngombhangqwana no-black alder eduze kwamanzi.
Kuvamile naseSiberia, kanye ne-alder fluffy. Isitshalo esingapheli silinganiselwe ukuphakama (20 m) nesitshalo esincane (kuze kube ngu-50 cm ububanzi). Isihlahla sikhula ezindaweni ezishisayo, ezinqabile ukushisa amaqhwa futhi zibhekene nemimoya eqinile ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwamagatsha.
Amaqabunga aphikisiwe, aqinile, avulekile futhi afinyelele ku-10 cm ubude. I-Grey Alder ibekezelela ukubekezelela amanzi ahlale enhlabathini. Emhlabathini onesihlabathi nomhlabathi awutholakali ngenxa ye-acidity ephansi nomswakama. 
IsiJapane
Izinhlobo zezitshalo zaseJapane zihlala ogwini lonke lwaseMpumalanga ye-Asia. Uhlukana emagatsheni awo anombala omnqumo. Ukuphakama kuyinto ejwayelekile (kufika ku-25 m). Crohn obukhulu, obuningi. Amaqabunga ajwayele ukuguqulwa, abushelelezi futhi angabi ngaphezu kuka-12 cm ubude.
Ama-inflorescences wesifazane - kuze kube yizingcezu eziyi-8 ekupheleni kwamabhashe. Ngenxa yokuthi amaqabunga agcinwa kuze kube yilapho iqhwa lokuqala lidumile emhlabeni jikelele. 
Ulwandle
Esinye sezihlahla, kepha singafinyelela ekuphakameni kwesihlahla. Incazelo yalolu hlobo ayifani nalokho okujwayelekile. Noma kunjalo, indawo yokuhlala ihlanganisa kuphela amazwe aseNyakatho Melika. Umqhele awunzima, i-trunk yincipha futhi iguquguquke, ngezinye izikhathi kuze kube ngu-10 m ubude.
Kubalulekile! Uma ufuna ukutshala lo muthi endaweni yakho, khumbula ukuthi udinga amanzi amaningi kanye nomanyolo kunezinye izihlahla.
I-Heartworm
I-Serdselistnuyu ingatholakala ku-Iran nase-Azerbaijan. Lezi zinhlobo azibekezeleli ubusika. Azikho izitho ezakhiweni zenhliziyo ezinciphisa ukusetshenziswa komswakama. Yingakho lesi sitshalo sitholakala emahlathini.
Amaqabunga aqinile futhi ahlangene kancane. Kuphela kulawo mahlathi lapho i-alder ekhuphuka inhliziyo ingakhula ingaba khona esigodini somfula. 
Okuhlaza
Lezi zinhlobo zitholakala ezindaweni zombili ezifudumele neziphansi. I-shrub ekhulayo ngokushesha ngomqhele okhulu. Ivumelanisa kalula kunoma yiziphi izimo zendawo yokuhlala. Ihlukaniswe ukuqina kwayo kweqhwa, ngoba ikhula ngisho nase-Arctic.
U-alder ovuthiwe uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi isiteji sesikhashana phakathi kwe-birch ne-alder. Phela, le fomu ibuye ifake uhlobo olubalulekile lomuthi (eMpumalanga Ekude). Ama-stamens namacici avame ukuhanjiswa.
Amaqabunga aphikisiwe, ahlamba kancane, aluhlaza okombala. Ku-tundra, i-alder eluhlaza ingaqhakaza ngisho nangoJulayi no-Agasti.
Uyazi? Amagxolo namaqabunga esitshalo esingapheli asetshenziselwa ukudayisa izikhumba zezilwane.
Izitshalo zisebenzisa
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zikaWilha ezasakazwa kulo lonke iNyakatho Hemisphere zivumela ukuthi isitshalo sisetshenziswe ezindaweni eziningi. Phela, umuthi utshalwa ngokushesha futhi ngisho nasendle udla izindawo ezinkulu.
I-alder ihlanganisa ama-tannins. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwe-trunk, izinkuni zilula futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa.
Emithi yokwelapha
Amagxolo namaqabunga omuthi anikezwa izinkanyezi. Ngakho-ke, ishidi elimanzi le-alder elimnyama lingasetshenziswa kwilonda ukuze liphulukise ngokushesha. Futhi, isilonda singasetshenziswa nge-disinfected nge-infusion ye-vodka yamaconsi namacici.
Izifo zamacici ezitshalo zisiza ngokuqotshwa. Ukusebenzisa i-infusions yezimbali, ekhishwe ekuqaleni kwezimbali, ungayilahla i-diathesis ezinganeni. I-decoction yamagxolo isiza ukubhekana nobuhlungu esiswini.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, phuza u-15 g wamagxolo ngenye ingilazi yamanzi abilayo. Bese uvumele ukupholisa nokucindezeleka. Thatha izinsuku eziningana 3-4 izikhathi ngosuku. Kuzokwanela isipuni 1 ngesikhathi. 
Kodwa khumbula ukuthi ukwelapha i-alder kungenzeka ukuthi akusizi ngaso sonke isikhathi noma kuzosusa kuphela izimpawu. Ngakho-ke, funa usizo lwezokwelapha olufanelekayo.
Emklamo wezwe
Emkhathini wokuklama umhlaba kuyisiko ukusebenzisa ama-shrub ngezindleko zokuzihlobisa kwabo. Alder green - izinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu ezitholakala kumasayithi. Ngempela, ithola kalula ngokuvumelana nezimo ezihlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi inhlabathi engaphezulu.
Ukubunzima kokusebenzisa kumklamo we-landscape kungenakukwazi ukuthenga izithombo noma imbewu yezihlahla. Ngakho-ke, ukucinga uhlobo olufanele lwesitshalo kungathatha isikhathi eside.
Noma kunjalo, i-alder iqondisa ngokugcwele yonke amandla oye wawasebenzisa, hhayi nje ngokubukeka kwawo okuhlobisa, kodwa futhi ngokunakekelwa okungenakuzithoba. Isikhathi eside esitshalwe njengezitshalo, amathinteli noma amaheji.
Ngokuba ama-hedges nawo ahle kakhulu: i-forsythia, i-privet, yew, i-turnberry barberry, i-roseberry yasendle, i-thuja, ijika, i-boxwood, i-hawthorn.
Kubalulekile! Ungasheshi ukususa ngokuphelele amaqabunga e-wilha ekwindla. Phela, zicebile ku-nitrogen. Kuyoba ngokwanele ukuwaqothula emthini bese uvumela ukuba uhambe.
Embonini
Izinkuni zibhekwa njengezithambile futhi zilula ukukhiqiza noma yiziphi izinto. Inesakhiwo somfaniswano futhi ayinqamuki lapho isikrini sihlaziya. Unamandla amakhulu uma uxhumana namanzi, ngakho-ke wawusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni imithombo, kodwa manje imigoqo yenziwe nge-alder.
Kodwa ngokuvamile ngokuvamile izinkuni zalo zisetshenziswa embonini yefenisha. Futhi, igxolo lomuthi lisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza idayi.
Ngakho, i-alder iyisihlahla esiwusizo. Ukutshala esiqhingini sakho, udinga kuphela ukunakekela ukuphuza njalo kwesihlahla. Green akesabi amazinga okushisa aphansi, okungeke kuthiwe mayelana nolwandle olwandle. 
Ngakho-ke, khetha ngokucophelela uhlobo lomuthi ngezimo zakho zezulu. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi okungenani kabili ngonyaka kudingekile ukufeza ukuvimbela izifo zezitshalo. Ngempela, ngenxa yendawo yayo yemvelo, lesi sihlahla sithandwa isikhunta esinama-parasitic.
