I-Shchitovki (Diaspididae) - abameleli bomndeni wezinambuzane ezincane-coleoptera-coccid nezinguquko ezingaphelele. Wonke ama-coccides, okuyizinhlobo ezingaba ngu-3 000 eziphilayo (izibungu nezinambuzane, kanye nezinambuzane ezingaphezu kuka-2 600), ama-herbivorous - adla isitshalo sesitshalo futhi ziyizinambuzane eziyingozi. Uma ungenandaba ne "abangane abaluhlaza", ngabe kungaba mnandi ukwazi ukuthi abalindi babheka kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo zokubhekana nazo, - ngokucacile okuphelele, sizokunikeza isithombe.
Kubonakala kanjani
Cabanga kuqala isakhiwo sesifazane - Ngendlela, iningi "labathandi" bezitshalo zasendlini banokufana kwangaphandle:
- imilenze, amaphiko, amehlo, izintambo - engekho, kodwa phambi kwezitho zomlomo ezithuthukile kahle;
- ezincane, kukhona isihlangu esithambile futhi kunethuba lokuthutha, isihlangu siyakhula, kanti izinsikazi azisekho;
Uyazi? Phakathi kwazo zonke izilwane zasemhlabeni, owesifazane we-coccid, kuhlanganise ne-scarab, yilona liqembu elilodwa "eliguqukayo" endleleni yokuphila engaguquki, ehambisana nokudla okungahleliwe.
- ubude bomzimba 1.5-2 mm, i-oval noma i-round shape, ukuhlukaniswa komzimba akukhulunywa (abadla izitshalo zensimu bankulu, banomzimba owuphakathi kwe-pear or drops up to 5 mm ubude);
- umbala womzimba ngaphansi kwesihlangu - emhlophe noma emnyama;
- isihlangu kubantu abavuthiwe sihlanganisa ubuso bomzimba ngokuphelele noma ngephakamiso, ngezinye izikhathi kakhulu i-convex, i-hemispherical noma iphathekayo futhi iqukethe ingxenye ye-secretory kanye nezikhumba ezinamafutha;
- umbala ogqamile - obomvu futhi obomvu; ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezimpungushe, umbala wesikhumba sabo ungashintsha, isihlangu sibuye sibe nombala ngokufanele - okungewona umfaniswano, isibonelo, indandatho yangaphandle yegolide enombala obomvu obunzima.
Manje abesilisa:- azikho izitho zomlomo, kodwa esikhundleni sezame futhi zakha izingalo namaphiko ngokugcwele;
- isigaba somzimba: ikhanda, isifuba nesisu;
- ngokuvamile emhlophe futhi elula, kodwa obomvu, obomvu-obuhlaza nokukhanya okwesibhakabhaka;
- phambi kwesihlangu esincane.
I-larva kwenzeka iminyaka emibili:- ubudala bokuqala (izibungu ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi ama-vagrants) - umzimba ophuzi ugobile futhi uhlambulukile, kufika ku-0.3 mm ubude, kunezinhlangothi ezintathu zemilenze, kanye nezintuthwane nezamehlo;
Uyazi? Qaphela umbala wezibungu - uma kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-Diaspididae kungacaciswa ukuthi uzozalwa kabusha. Isibonelo, ama-white broods we-mulberry shchitovki akhule abe ngamasifazane, futhi abomvu - abe ngamadoda.
- Isikhathi sesibili - ubukhulu bomzimba bukhulu, kufika kumamitha angu-0.5, okumhlophe noma okumpunga, njengokubusa, ingxenye engemuva yenkomo, ngokuvamile ayikho imilenze, noma izintana noma amehlo. Into ehlukanisa izibungu ezinjalo kubantu abavuthiwe ubukhulu nesihlangu: kukhanya.
Ungakhohlwa mayelana nokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezilonda: izinsikazi zezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zibonakala zibala, isihlangu sabo kunzima ukuhlukanisa; nemizimba ephukile, enobumba; Omunye une-flap emnyama nokunye okunye. Okufanayo kusebenza nokuthuthukiswa komzimba: isibonelo, kwezinye i-Diaspididae ezishisayo azikho isigaba seqanda.Yimuphi umonakalo
Shchitovki - izinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu, okwanele iminyaka engu-3-4 ukubhujiswa ngokuphelele kwesihlahla sesithelo ensimini. Ziyingozi kangangokuba ezindaweni zasemaphandleni emazweni aseningizimu, ngesibonakaliso esincane kakhulu sokuba khona kwezihlahla zezihlangu (isibonelo, amameriyamu), ukumenyezelwa okuqinile kumenyezelwa, kuvimbela ukuthekelisa kwezithombo nezithombo. Ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa, i-pesticides isetshenziselwa ukucubungula izihlahla zezithelo nezihlahla, kanye nezithelo zamatshe nezitayi.
I-Shchitovka ihlala ezitshalweni zasendlini, ngakho-ke udinga ukwazi ukuthi livelaphi: yiba nokubukeka nezimbali ezisuka esitolo, ngento yokutshala (ingaba nesifo), kanye neminyango yezingcingo - umoya ungangena endlini.
Izindlu zezindlu zivame ukuhlushwa ama-aphid, i-mealybugs, izihlangu zamanga, izikhumba ze-spider, i-nematodes, i-thrips, i-whiteflies.
Izimpawu zokunqotshwa
Ukuphumelela emaqabungeni, abesifazane bathatha isisindo se-cell, ngenxa yalokho amaqabunga ahlanganiswa ngamachashazi aphuzi, bese ephenduka aphuzi noma avuke ngokumnyama, aphike futhi awele esitshalweni. Ngemva kwalokho, iyanqanda ukukhula, ukuma, ukuveza amagatsha nokufa kancane kancane. Izithelo ze-Citrus nazo ziyakwazi ukulimala.
Kubalulekile! Uma uthola ukukhishwa okunamathelayo emaqabunga, kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu kuwa, amanzi amnandi ama-scutes, afaka ngazo iziqu, amaqabunga, ama-petioles, amaqabunga nezithelo.I-pad iphethe ngogwayi omnyama futhi iqoqa uthuli.
Ukuvimbela
Ukuze ungacabangi ukuthi ungasusa kanjani ama-scythes ezindlini zendlu, zivikele ngaphambi kwesikhathi bese ulandela le mithetho:
- Thenga amabhasi ezitolo ezikhethekile; lokhu kuzonciphisa amathuba okuthola isitshalo esithathelwanayo. Khetha izinhlobo eziphikisana nezifo nezinambuzane, thintana nomdayisi wakho.
- "Abangane" abasanda kutholakala kudingeka ukuba "bahlukaniswe". Uma emva kwezinsuku ezingu-7 kungekukho okubi okuye kwaqaphela - "wazi" nabanye.
- Geza izitshalo ngensipho. Kwanele ukukwenza kanye ngenyanga, kodwa kungenzeka kaningi (ngaphandle kokushiseka). I-"rite" iyadingeka kakhulu uma kwenzeka ukuhambisa i-flowerpot kusuka ebhaleni noma emgwaqweni ukuya esakhiweni.
- Susa amaqabunga omisiwe noma aphekiwe kanye nama-patches ngendlela efike ngesikhathi.
- Ukukhipha amagciwane emhlabathini ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate - ngaphezu kwalokho, umanyolo omuhle futhi uzoqinisa isitshalo.
- Ikhambi eliphumelelayo lezinambuzane ezincane ezisezingeni eliphansi ezitshalweni zasendlini ziyoba yisisombululo samanzi afudumele nge-garlic emhlabathini kanye nesepha, okuchelela isithombo kanye nengqimba ephezulu yomhlaba.
- Okokugcina, uhlomise izilwane ezifuywayo ngendawo yokuhlala ekhululekile: ukungabi khona kwe-crowding kuzosindisa ezifweni eziwumshayabhuqe - okunye kuzokwenziwa yizimo ezikhethiwe zokukhanya nokushisa, umswakama womoya, ukuchelela okunomqondo nokuhlanzeka kwendawo yokuhlala.
Indlela yokukhipha isamba
Ezimpawu zokuqala zokutheleleka kwe-sapling - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yi-scab noma ezinye izindawo ezingavamile - kufanele zihlukaniswe nezinye izitshalo, bese uhlola ngokucophelela lezo eziseduze. Ama-insecticide kubantu abadala ngeke asebenze (ahlanganiswe nezihlangu), kodwa angasuswa ngesandla.
Uyazi? Ama-specimens we-Lepidosaphes ulmi - futhi i-apple tree worm - ingatholakala cishe kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba. Ukuzikhethela kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ukuthi kukhona kokubili amafomu okuhlukanisa ubuhlobo obuhlukene kanye nobulili obuhlukile.
Uma kwenzeka amaqabunga amathenda, sebenzisa i-cotton pad kanye nesiponji, kulabo abathintekayo, i-toothbrush epholile izokwenza: bawamanise ngesisombululo sesobho bese usula wonke amaqabunga neziqu ezinhlangothini zombili. Ukuqothula isitshalo sonke, njengesifo esisodwa esiphila engozini sizoholela ekuvuseleleni emva kwamasonto ambalwa.
Ukuze uthole isixazululo, noma yisiphi isitsha sokugcoba ukudoba noma isepha kufanele sihlangane - umnotho, i-tar, eluhlaza. Vala amaqabunga ngesikhumba esinamandla isigamu sehora, bese ugeza ngamanzi ashisayo (kufika ku-50 degrees Celsius) imizuzu engu-2-3. Izinqubo zamasonto onke zalolu hlobo zizoqeda shchitovki ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali.
Amakhemikhali
Uma ukugeza kungakufaneleki noma kungenakwandiselwa ezitshalweni zomuntu ngamunye, amalungiselelo amakhemikhali, izinambuzane, kuzosiza ukuqeda izinambuzane. Kuyiqiniso, ukucubungula isikhathi esisodwa ngeke kwanele. Isihlangu sensikazi sivimbela ama-insecticide okuxhumana nawo ukuba angayithinti - kufanele ugcwalise lesi sitshalo ngokuphelele ebhaketheni lamakhemikhali, noma usebenzise izidakamizwa ozikhethela - izinambuzane zesistimu "Aktara" ne "Confidor".
Kulokhu, izidakamizwa ezinjalo zokuxhumana ziphumelela:
- ama-insecticide ama-hormonal nama-juvenoids - isibonelo, i-pyriproxyfen "i-Admiral";
- I-Neonicotinoids: U-Aktara, u-Apache, u-Iskra Zolotaya, uKorado, uKonfidor, uMospilan, uTanrek;
- izingxenye ze-organophosphate: "I-Aktellik", "i-Alatar", i- "Antiklesch", "i-Iskra", "i-Karbofos", i- "Kemifos", "i-Novaktion", i- "Fufanon", njll.
Kubalulekile! Gcina izinga lokushisa emoyeni ekamelweni aliphansi kwama-degrees angu-18, ngaphandle kwalokho umphumela wamalungiselelo amakhemikhali uzokwehla kakhulu.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zonke izidumbu zinyatheliswa ngokuphelele, kufaka phakathi lezo ezivela ezimpungeni, othintana nabo kanye nezinambuzane zokuxhumana ezihlangene kuzodingeka zisetshenziswe okungenani kathathu, kuthathe isikhathi phakathi kwesonto. Ungakhohlwa ukusula i-sill window, amafrimu amafasitela kanye nesilazi, lapho ibhodlela elithintekayo lihlala khona, elinomsoco ngesiphuzo sokuphuza utshwala noma isilashwa.
Ngaphambi kokuba ususe isihlangu kusuka ezitshalweni zasendlini ngokusetshenziswa kwezinambuzane zezinga eliphezulu eliphezulu, qiniseka ukuthi unga:
- kahle ventilate ekamelweni;
- ukuyikhulula kubantu abane-asthma ne-allergies, kanye nabesifazane abakhulelwe.
Isitshalo ngasinye sinezinhlayiya zokunakekelwa nokulawula izinambuzane, ngakho kubalulekile ukwazi ukuvikela ama-orchid, i-cacti, izitshalo zenjoloba, i-monsteras, i-clerodendrum, i-kalanchoe, i-hovey, i-streptocarpus, i-swellies.
Amakhambi omphakathi
Izindlela zabantu zokulwa nesihlangu ziyinkimbinkimbi: umuntu ucabanga ukuthi awusizo futhi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, angalimaza isitshalo. Ngokungangabazeki, izinambuzane eziphilayo zisebenza ngendlela ephumelelayo, kodwa uma ungabhekene nesigaba sokugcina sokutheleleka, kunengqondo ukuqala ngamakhambi omuntu.
Isisekelo sezixazululo kungaba:
1. I-Kerosene:
- ugxila emalitha angu-1 amanzi 40 g wesipho lendlu (noma 25 g we-green) isepha;
- engeza amaconsi ama-5 we-diesel bese uphazamisa isisombululo kahle.
2. anyanisi:
- thatha u-anyanisi ophakathi nendawo bese uqomisa kahle;
- gubha izingcezu bese uthela ingilazi yamanzi amahora angu-2-3.
3. Amafutha:
- engeza u-6-10 g wesipho engilazini yamanzi bese uhlunga kuze kuvele isikhumba;
- hlanganisa ne-15-20 ml yamafutha we-injini (ungasebenzisa ama-2 wezipuni zomnqumo noma i-sunflower).
Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokwelashwa kwamanzi, inhlabathi enobuthi ihlanganiswe nefilimu. Kuyinto engathandeki ukucubungula izitshalo ngama-pubescent, amaqabunga amathenda.Lesi sitshalo sihlanjululwa nge-emulsion yonke futhi sivunyelwe ukuma amahora angu-6-10, bese sageza. Kuzothatha izinqubo ezingu-2-3 zesikhashana sezinsuku ezingu-7-10.
4. Peppers:
- Gweba ama-50 g wepelepele omuncu;
- babilise ngo-500 ml wamanzi;
- vumela ingxube imele usuku nosuku;
- ukucubungula izitshalo ngetitha lamanzi, engeza 10 ml we-infusion kanye no-5 g wesepha.
"Pepper" ingasetshenziswa kanye njalo ngemva kwamabili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kugcinwa isikhathi eside, okuyinto elula uma udinga ukucubungula okusheshayo kwesitshalo.5. Utshwala nesosephu:
- insimu, i-tar ne-soft potash isobho kufanelekile isisombululo (esimweni esibucayi - noma yikuphi); futhi ukuhlanza ukuhlanzwa kwemfucuza kuzokwenza;
- ingilazi yamanzi afudumele kuzodinga isipuni sesipuni;
- ukuze uthole isisombululo esiphuthumayo, ungangezela utshwala (isipuni sezokwelapha, i-ammonia, ezobuchwepheshe - ne-vodka), ungakhohlwa ukwengeza 300 g amanzi.
Kubalulekile! Utshwala luphikisana ngezitshalo ezincane.6. Ugwayi:
- ilitha lamanzi ngalinye lizodinga ama gramu ayi-80 kagwayi owomile noma ugwayi;
- vumela ingxube imele usuku;
- ukucindezela bese ufaka isixazululo ilitha lamanzi.
7. I-garlic: 
1) iresiphi yokuqala:
- nquma amazinyo amahlanu e-garlic engilazini yamanzi;
- shiya i-emulsion kwisitsha esivaliwe ngokuqinile usuku noma ezimbili.
2) iresiphi yesibili:
- gcwalisa amazinyo amahlanu achotshoziwe ngam 500 ml amanzi abilayo;
- mayeke amahora angu-4-5.
Isihlangu yisitha esinengqondo, okubonakala ukuthi akulula ukubona kalula. Ukulwa kudinga ukuhlola njalo izitshalo nokuhambisana nezinyathelo zokuvimbela.
Ungazikhohlwa ngokuzivikela: sebenzisa izitshalo zamakhemikhali ezigqoke izingubo ezivaliwe nemishini yokuzivikela, funda amalebula kuma-pesticides, ngemva kokuqeda umsebenzi wamakhemikhali, geza isikhumba esivelele kahle ngesepha nangamanzi. Dedula izingubo uma kunokwenzeka ngaphandle kwekhaya.
