Amajikijolo amawayini, imithi yamakhiwane, amakhiwane ahambisana nezithelo zamakhiwane ajwayelekile. Ngokuvamile, amakhiwane angatholakala emashalofini ngendlela efomile. Amakhiwane amasha agcinwa isikhathi esifushane kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kokomisa, kukhona enye indlela yokulungisa ukwelashwa ebusika - ukulondoloza. I-jam jam iyinhle kakhulu, iyamnandi, iyinempilo, ikhumbuza ukushaywa komzimba noma i-marmalade ngokuvumelana. Ukunambitheka okunjalo kuyoba yindlela efanelekile yokupheka amaswidi, kanye ne-prophylactic enhle phakathi nemikhuhlane.
Indlela yokukhetha umkhiqizo ofanele
Ukuthenga amakhiwane amasha kanye nekhwalithi eliphezulu kungabangela inkinga ngenxa yokuthi umkhiqizo uthatha ngokushesha. Izithelo ziqukethe inani eliphakeme likashukela, umgudu ongezansi unembobo, kanti ikhasi elilula nelincane. 
Konke lokhu kunomthelela ekulimaleni kwemishini kanye ne-ingress yezincane ezincane ezidala ukubola nokuvutshelwa. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi ukuthenga amakhiwane kuyadingeka ezindaweni zokukhula.
Ngokuvamile, amakhiwane athunyelwa emazweni ashisayo: i-China, i-Uzbekistan, i-Turkey, i-Armenia. Ikhulile futhi ezindaweni zaseCrimea, eCaucasus, ezindaweni eziseningizimu zaseRussia. Kulezi zindawo ungathola izithelo ezivuthiwe nezithelo.
Ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu, izithelo zihanjiswa emoyeni ezinsukwini ezimbalwa emva kokuvuna. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukubuka amakhiwane ezitolo ezikhethekile. Ngenxa yokuthi amakhiwane asabela kabi kakhulu ekuthuthweni, ezitolo eziningi ungathola okunye okunye okumile okwezithelo ezintsha.
Kubalulekile! Izithelo ezincane kakhulu noma ezilukhuni akufanele zikhethwe: okokuqala, zanqoba futhi, cishe, zavutha, okwesibini amakhiwane aqothulwe esihlahleni anesimo esincane, ngakho-ke amaswidi nemithi enempilo ayifinyelelanga.
Umbala womkhiqizo ovuthiwe uncike ezinhlobonhlobo futhi ungaba omnyama, omnyama obomvu noma obumnyama obuluhlaza, obuluhlaza. Uma ucindezelwe, isikhumba siyanwebeka, kodwa sibheke kancane ngaphansi kweminwe. Ngaphakathi kwezithelo kukhona imbewu eminingi, inombolo yabo ngezinye izikhathi ifinyelela ku-1 000! Isithelo kufanele siphume okuhle, ngaphandle kwamazwi omuncu noma ukubola.
Emva kokuthenga, kuphakanyiswa ukusebenzisa noma ukupheka amakhiwane ngokushesha, kodwa uma kunesidingo, amakhiwane angagcinwa esiqandisini izinsuku ezintathu.
Izakhiwo eziwusizo
Amakhiwane - lokhu kuyinambitheka ewusizo kakhulu futhi ehlwaya kwamanye amazwe. Isithelo somkhiwane sinevithamini, amaminerali, ama-acid, ama-tannins, amafutha abalulekile kanye noshukela. 
Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhiwane kunemiphumela enhle emzimbeni:
- anti-inflammatory;
- i-expectorant;
- i-laxative;
- i-diuretic
Umphumela wesifo sezulu usuke une-celandine, i-purslane, i-derbennik, i-safflower, i-chokeberry emnyama, i-iglitsa, i-sculpus, i-asparagus, i-zizifus.
Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-potassium, amakhiwane awusizo kakhulu empilweni ye-vascular and heart. Kunconywa ukufaka ekudleni ngamazinga aphakanyisiwe we-cholesterol, izifo zegazi, isifo somfutho wegazi ophezulu, ukungakwazi ukuphefumula. Amazinga aphakeme ka-omega-3 ne-omega-6 anethonya elizuzayo ekusebenzeni kwesistimu yenhliziyo.
Izinhlanzi ezisekelwe embuseni zinconywa ukuba zithathe nge-angina, ukubandayo, ukuvuvukala kwezinsini kanye nesigxobo somlomo. Futhi, isithelo sisebenza kahle ngamapustules namathumba.
Lapho ukwelashwa izilonda namathumba, kutuswa ukusebenzisa i-goldenrod, i-clover, i-viburnum, i-clover enhle, i-echinacea, i-coltsfoot, noju lwe-acacia.
Ukusetshenziswa kwesithelo njalo kuvumela umsebenzi wezinso, isilwane, isisu, ngcono ukugaya. Izithelo ezimbalwa zomkhiwane zivuselela ngokugcwele umoya, ukwanelisa indlala, ayithinti isiqhwa. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, izithelo zisetshenziselwe ukuthuthukisa i-potency. 
Ukulimala nokuphikisana
Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezinkulu zesithelo esiyingqayizivele, amanye amaqembu abantu awakunconywa ukuba ayisebenzise futhi asomisiwe, futhi i-jam eyintandokazi kanye ne-jams ezivela emthini womkhiwane zivinjelwe.
- Ngesifo sikashukela. Izithelo zingavunyelwe ukusebenzisa ngenxa yezinga eliphakeme likashukela.
- Lapho izifo ezivuvukalayo zegciwane lokugaya. Izithelo azikwazi ukudliwa nge-gastritis nezilonda, ukushaywa umoya ngenxa yokutholakala ushukela ne-fiber ekubunjweni.
- Nge-gout. Amakhiwane avunyelwe kule sifo ngenxa yobukhona be-oxalic acid.
Uyazi? Ngokusho kwamarekhodi eBhayibheli, u-Adamu no-Eva basebenzisa iqabunga lomkhiwane ukumboza imizimba yabo engcolile. Abacwaningi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi umkhiwane, okungukuthi, umkhiwane, wawuyisithelo esivinjelwe. Kodwa-ke, lesi sithelo sikhula kuphela ezindaweni eziseningizimu futhi abantu abaningi abahlala enyakatho abazange bazizwe. I-Apple njengezithelo ezingavinjelwe yaqala ukukhulunywa ngokuqondile ukuze kube lula ukuhumusha.
Indlela yokwenza jam: iresiphi yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ngezithombe
Njengoba amakhiwane ahlanjululwa kahle kakhulu, ngokuvamile uvame, omisiwe, noma agcinwe kuwo, ukuze kutholakale izithelo ezinempilo futhi ezihlwabusayo unyaka wonke. Ngezansi sibheka iresiphi yeklasi yokwenza i-jam kumakhiwane ngaphandle kokungeza izithako ezengeziwe.
Uyothola nesithakazelo sokufunda ukwenza i-quince jam, i-cherry emhlophe, i-feijoa, ama-apula, amagilebhisi, ama-strawberries, ama-tangerine tincetu nama-crusts, ama-ashberries abomvu, ama-lingonberries.
Izithako
I-recipe ye-classic yomkhiwane womkhiwane ihilela ukusebenzisa izithako ezinjalo:
- 1 kg amakhiwane avuthiwe (ifomu elihlutshiwe);
- 800 amagremu ushukela;
- 1/2 lemon;
- 400 ml amanzi.
Indlela yokwenza umkhiwane womkhiwane: ividiyo
I-Kitchenware
Ukwenza i-dessert, uzodinga i-kitchenware elandelayo:
- umkhonto okhaliphile;
- isitsha sokupheka enamelled;
- izikali zekhishi;
- amagilavu okuzivikela;
- 2 izimbiza zezingilazi ze-0.5 l.
Kunconywa ukusebenzisa izilinganiso zokudla ukukala ngokunembile isilinganiso sezithako. Kodwa uma kungekho idivayisi ye-elekthronikhi, ungasebenzisa indebe yokulinganisa.
Amagilavu okuzivikela kufanele asetshenziswe uma upheka amakhiwane amaningi (kusuka ku-3 kg) bese uwahlupha, njengoba kungabangela ukucasula okukhulu ezandleni zakho.
Iresiphi yokupheka ejwayelekile
Ukupheka udoti owusizo kwenzeka ezinyathelweni eziningana:
- Gqoka amagilavu okuzivikela, khipha amakhiwane ngommese. Inqubo yokuhlanzwa iyoba lula futhi ilula, njengoba isikhumba sesithelo kulula kakhulu ukususa, nje kuphela ukuhamba nokudonsa.
- Isamba esicacisiwe seshukela sihlukaniswe sibe izingxenye ezimbili ezilinganayo. Thela amakhiwane engxenyeni eyodwa yeshukela bese ushiya amahora angu-2-8 (ungalala ebusuku).
- Ngemuva kwesikhathi esibekiwe, ungaqala ukulungisa isiraphu. Ishukela esisele ukuze lichithe emanzini, libeke umlilo omncane, engeza amakhiwane akhiwe.
- Bilisa ingxube ukwakha ukufana okufana nesiraphu-like jelly-like. Inqubo yokupheka amakhiwane azolahlekelwa umbala futhi abe cishe obala, lokhu kuyindlela evamile. Uma ufaka isiraphu ku-spoon bese uyiguqula, iyogeleza kancane kancane nangomusa, kanti ukudonsa kokugcina kuzomathela ku-spoon.
- Hlela i-jam ezimbizeni ezinenzalo, gcwalisa izembozo bese ugoqa ingubo kuze kube yilapho iguqule ngokuphelele.
Kubalulekile! Uma isikhathi eside amakhiwane noshukela ephekwe ngaphambi kokupheka, kuqina ngokwengeziwe.
Izithelo ezilungiselelwe ngokuvumelana nale recipe zingagcinwa ngokuphelele, ezithambile, ezithandekayo. Esikhathini esizayo, zingasetshenziswa ukuhlobisa izidakamizwa kanye namafishi.
Ijamu jam ngaphandle kokupheka
Kukhona enye, indlela ehlukile yokwenza umkhiwane wamakhiwane ngaphandle kokupheka. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze izakhi ezingaphezulu ekuphatheni. Abaningi bayoba nombuzo onengqondo: ungasindisa kanjani izithelo ngaphandle kokwelapha ukushisa?
Ngenxa yalokhu sizosebenzisa isiraphu eshukile ebilisiwe, lapho amakhiwane azokwenza khona. 
Izithako:
- 1 kg izithelo;
- Ama-700-750 amagremu we-sugar granulated;
- 2 tbsp. amanzi.
Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo indlela yokupheka:
- Sebenzisa kuphela amakhewane avuthiwe ngokugcwele. Geza izithelo kahle bese usomile ngethebhu yephepha. Uma izithelo ze-peresepli kancane, isikhumba asikwazi ukususwa, ngaphandle kwalokho umkhiwane uzolahlekelwa ukuma kwawo. Thela izithelo ezilungiselelwe esitsheni.
- Esikhathini sokupheka koqweqwe lwawo, qeda ushukela ngamanzi, ulethe ngamathumba uphinde ubilise imizuzu engu-7.
- Thela amakhiwane ngesiraphu, epholile. Bese usithulule isiraphu epanini bese ulethe ngamathumba (kodwa ungabilisi!), Gwema ukushisa okuphansi imizuzu engaba ngu-5. Thela amakhiwane okwesibili, ukumboza nokupholisa. Phinda inqubo izikhathi ezingu-3 ngaphezulu.
- Lungisa izimbiza namabhodlela. Ngemuva kokukhipha kokugcina kwamakhiwane, usakaze ngesiraphu emabhange, isikhala bese ugoqa.
Kubalulekile! Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-jam ene-fermented is hhayi fermented, izimbiza kanye zamabhodlela kufanele kahle inzalo, izithelo fresh kuphela kufanele isetshenziselwe ukupheka, futhi billet ngokwayo kufanele kugcinwe esiqandisini noma esivelweni.
Jam Recipes nezinye izithako
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokupheka komkhiwane ukupheka. I-Lemon ku-recipe ye-classic ingashintshwa yi-any citrus, engeza izinongo ku-spice, njenge-pepper, i-nutmeg, i-clove, i-sinamoni, i-ginger egazini noma ephelele.
I-Fig ne-Citrus Jam
Esikhundleni selamula, ungasebenzisa ama-orang noma ama-lime.
Izingxenye ezidingekayo:
- 1 kg izithelo;
- 500 g ushukela;
- Ama-oranges amabili;
- 0.5 tsp. i-clove yomhlabathi nesinamoni;
- 6 tbsp. l i-lemon fresh;
- 1 tbsp. l ikhasi le-orange;
Indlela ephekiwe yokupheka ujamu:
- Ukuhlanzwa kwamakhiwane, omile, susa isikhumba. Geza ama-oranges ngokucophelela, unqume inani le-zest, ususe yonke ingxenye ye-rind bese uthatha ama-cubes amakhulu.
- Beka amakhiwane, ama-orang ku-container ye-koqweqwe lwawo, engeza izinongo kanye ne-zest, uthele ngejusi kalamula bese uthele ushukela.
- Shiya ingxube amahora angu-1-2 ukuze ijusi ivele.
- Manje ungaqala ukupheka. Uma isiraphu ikhula, i-jam ingasuswa bese ifakwa ezimbizeni.
I-jam jam nama-nut
I-walnuts noma ama-hazelnuts asetshenziswa kakhulu. Inani lamantongomane lilinganiselwa, ungasebenzisa okungenani noma ngaphansi, futhi uhlanganise izinhlobo zabo ezahlukene.
Le recipe ilungiselelwe ngokusebenzisa izingxenye ezilandelayo:
- 1 kg izithelo;
- 500 g ushukela;
- 100 amagremu ama nati;
- 1/2 Ubuciko. amanzi;
- 1 tbsp. l lemon fresh.
Ukuze wenze i-dessert enempilo, landela izinyathelo ezilula:
- Amakhiwane ageza futhi asomile, ungafaki, kepha usika imisila kuphela. Gweba amantongomane avela kugobolondo kanye nokuhlukanisa, nquma ngommese ezicucu ezinkulu.
- Thela izithelo ngoshukela bese ushiya ihora eli-1. Kunconywa ukuba ungaphazamisi izithelo nge-spatula noma i-spoon, kodwa ngomusa uphendule isitsha noma ugubhe kancane ukuze ushukela ubambisane ngokulingana.
- Ngemuva kwesikhathi esibekiwe, engeza amanzi, gqoka umlilo bese ubilisa. Ukuze uhlale emlilweni omncane imizuzu engu-15 ngaphansi kwesembozo esivaliwe, bese kuthi omunye umzuzu ongu-15 ungenalo isembozo. I-foam izokwakha ngenkathi yokupheka, kuyadingeka ukuyihlanza.
- Uma i-jamu iphekwe ngaphandle kwesihlava, udinga ukungeza amantongomane, uthele ngejusi kalamula ngemva kokubilisa. Uma ubilisiwe ngamathumba, vala ukushisa bese ulinda amaminithi angu-10-15 kuze kufike izinga lokushisa elincane.
- Lungiselela u-0.3 noma u-0.5 litre izimbiza, ubisile, uchithe umqubu kanye nesikhwama.
Uyazi? Kukholelwa ukuthi izinga lamakhiwane lixhomeke enani lembewu ezitshalweni. Uma kunezintambo ezingu-900 noma ngaphezulu emkhiwaneni, izinga layo liphakeme; uma amathambo angaphansi kuka-500, isithelo sibonakala ngekhwalithi ephakathi.
Imithetho yesitoreji
Ngaphansi kobuchwepheshe bokupheka umkhiwane womkhiwane kufanelekile ukudla iminyaka engu-1-2. Izimo eziyinhloko zokugcina izitshalo zokushisa nokukhanya: ukushisa kwelanga akufanele kuwile ezimbizeni ezinomsoco, futhi izinga lokushisa lokushisa kufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-6-20 ° C.
Okungukuthi, kuhle ukugcina isicwecwe sokusebenza eshalofini elingezansi sesiqandisini noma emiphongolweni, uma nje kungekho amazinga okushisa angaphansi kwezinga. Uma kungekho isikhala esanele esiqandisini, kodwa asikho i-cellar, izikhala zingagcinwa ekamelweni. 
Imithetho eminingana ebalulekile, ukugcinwa kwayo okuzokwenza kube lula ukuphepha kwezikhala:
- Khetha ngokukhethekile izimbiza ezincane zevolumu - 0.5 amalitha.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi inzalo yamakhansela inzalo futhi ama-lids - abilayo.
- Ngaphambi kokuthulula iziqukathi zokugaxa kufanele zome, uthele i-jam zibe izimbiza ezimanzi akunakwenzeka.
- I-thicker i-jam, ihlala isikhathi eside.
Ngenxa yamalungiselelo anjalo ewusizo, kungenzeka ukuba ujabulele izithelo zomkhiwane unyaka wonke, ngenkathi uthola amavithamini namaminerali adingekayo kanye nenjabulo enkulu kusuka ku-dessert! Sithemba, phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokupheka uzitholele ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu.
Impendulo evela kubasebenzisi benethiwekhi
