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Kungenzeka yini ukondla onogwaja nge-silage

I-Silo ingenye yezindleko ezivame kakhulu ezihlukahlukene zezilwane zezolimo nezokuhlobisa. Inikeza ithuba lokugcwala umzimba nazo zonke izinhlobo zamavithamini namaminerali, kanye nesamba esikhulu sezakhi, okubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sonyaka-ebusika. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lokudla ngokuvamile alukho izincomo eziqondile zokusetshenziswa, abalimi abaningi basebenzisa lo mkhiqizo ngokuqapha, ikakhulukazi ekudleni kwezinogwaja zasemakhaya. Namuhla sizobheka izinzuzo eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa i-silage yezinhlabhaka ezikhulayo, futhi ufunde ukuthi ungalungisa kanjani lo mkhiqizo ngokwakho.

Kungenzeka yini ukuba unike ummbila we-corn sivuno

I-Silo yisondlo esiluhlaza samanzi, esitholakala ngokuvuthwa ubuningi obuhlaza bezitshalo noma izitshalo ezihlwanyelwe ngaphansi kwezimo ze-anaerobic (ngaphandle kokufinyelela ngqo emoyeni womoya). Ukukhulisa onogwaja kuvame ukusebenzisa ama-corn silage. Lolu hlobo lokudla lunomsoco ophakeme kakhulu kanye nenani elikhulu lokudla okunomsoco emzimbeni wabanogwaja, okubaluleke ngokukhethekile ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ngesikhathi sokungabi khona kokudla okuluhlaza okwedlule isikhathi eside. Lokhu kwondla kusiza izilwane ezithwele izinwele ukuba zibuyisele ukutholakala kwamavithamini nezinye izakhi. Ukungabi khona kwabo phakathi nonyaka-kungabangela ukuwohloka kokuzivikela komzimba kanye nokukhula kwamazinga okukhula komvundla. Yingakho i-silage ingadingeki kuphela, kodwa futhi nokudla okubalulekile komzimba wabanogwaja, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyini.

Uyazi? Ukuthi, njengendlela yokulondoloza ukondla, kwasetshenziswa okokuqala ekhulwini le-XVIII eSweden naseBaltic.

Izinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-silage feedings yomzimba wabanogwaja:

  • ngcono ukugaya nokusebenza kwamathumbu;
  • ukwandisa umkhuhlane wonke;
  • ukwandisa ukuzala kwezilwane;
  • usize ukwandisa ukugaya kwezinhlobo zezinye izinhlobo zokudla;
  • ukufaka isandla kwisethi yesisindo somzimba nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yezilwane;
  • ukusheshisa ukukhula komzimba nokukhula kwentsha.

Imilayezo Yokudla Ye-Silage

Naphezu kokuphepha, ukubaluleka okuphezulu nokudla okunomsoco womzimba, ukondla okusanhlamvu kufanele kufakwe emkhakheni wezilwane ngokulandela imithetho ethile. Okokuqala, umkhiqizo onjalo umkhiqizo wokuvutshelwa, yingakho ukufaka esikhundleni ngokungazelelwe kwemifino ye-silage kungabangela imiphumela emibi kakhulu yezempilo, kuhlanganise nokuhuda okujulile nokulahlekelwa isisindo. Okulandelayo, sibheka imithetho eyisisekelo yokwethula umkhiqizo ekudleni kwezinogwaja zasemakhaya.

Ungangena kanjani ekudleni

Faka i-silage njenge-feed kancane kancane. Isikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwesigqoko sokugqoka siwa ngenkathi ebanda - kusukela ekwindla ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukutholakala mahhala kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemifino, izithelo kanye namakhambi aluhlaza kuncishiswe kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kanye nokudla kwemifino, isililage kumele ifakwe kahle. Izingxenye zokuqala zokudla kufanele zinikezwe ezincane, zixubane ne-bran noma ezinye ukudla okumile. Uma ngezinsuku ezimbalwa i-silage ayibangeli ukuphazamiseka kwegciwane lesisu emfuyweni, khona-ke inani lemfuyo liyanda kancane kancane.

Kubalulekile! Ngesikhathi sokudla, umkhiqizo kufanele uhambisane nokuvuthwa okugcwele, ngoba isiliva esingafaki kahle ingathinta impilo yezinogwaja.

Uhlelo lokufaka isiliva ekudleni kogwaja:

  • okokuqala 1-2 kwezinsuku ingxenye ye-silage akumele idlulele u-1-2% we-mass mass yokudla;
  • kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-2-4, isabelo senyuke sibe ngu-2-5%;
  • kusukela ngosuku lwe-5 lokusetshenziswa, isabelo senyuke sibe ngu-5-10% we-mass inani le-feed;
  • ngemuva kwesonto lokusetshenziswa, ukudla okusiketshezi kungathatha indawo engama-40-50% kuwo wonke ukudla okunomsoco.

Kungakanani futhi okungakanani okunganikwa

I-Silage ingasetshenziselwa kokubili ngendlela ehlanzekile nangendlela yokuxuba okuhlukahlukene kwezondlo hhayi ngokusekela okumile. Ngokwesiko, okukhethwa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kokuxube okusekelwe kokudla okumile. Ukudla okunjalo kutholakala ngokuphumelelayo kunomuntu ngamunye, futhi kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukutholakala okuqhubekayo kwepheshana lomzimba ukuze kulungiswe. Sebenzisa lokhu ukugqoka okungaphezu kwezikhathi ezimbili ngosuku, ekuseni nakusihlwa. Isilinganiso esiphezulu sokudla kufanele siwele ekudleni kokuhlwa, ngakho-ke akukho okungaphezu kwe-1/3 yesimiso sempilo esetshenziswa nsuku zonke. Akunconywa ukunikeza isiliva esiswini esingenalutho, ngoba kungabangela izinhloso zangaphandle zesisu namathumbu. Okuhle kunakho konke, uma ukugqoka okunjalo kuzohamba ngemuva kwesincenye esincane sezitshalo noma ezinye imifino. Uma engekho, silage inganikwa emva kokudla noma okunye okuphakelayo okunzima.

Ngemuva kwesigaba ngasinye se-feeder kufanele ihlanzwe ngokucophelela kwezinsalela. I-Silage iyi-medium enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-bacterium anaerobic, okutholakala mahhala kwe-oksijeni, lawa ma-bacterium aqala ukudiliza izidakamizwa zokudla nokukhulula izinto ezihlukahlukene ezinobuthi. Ngenxa yalokho, umphakeli uyangcola ngezidakamizwa ezingalimaza umzimba obuthakathaka wezilwane ezithwele izinwele.

Funda konke mayelana nokudla onogwaja.

Isilinganiso se-silage ehlanzekile yokudla abantu abadala:

  • abesilisa abadala nabalingani - abangaphezu kwama-300 g / ngosuku;
  • abesifazane abancelisayo - cishe 350-400 g / ngosuku;
  • abesifazane ngesikhathi se-lactation - ayikho ngaphezu kuka-500-600 g / ngosuku;

I-silage encane inganikezwa ngaphambi kwenyanga eyodwa ngemva kokuzalwa. Kulesi simo, lokhu kudla kufanele kuqaliswe ngokuqapha okukhulu, ngoba umzimba wogwaja awuhlali njalo uphendule ngokufanele emikhakheni enomsoco kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokudluliselwa kokudla komuntu omdala okugcwele, akukho okungaphezu kwama-50 g we-silage ngosuku olukhonjiswa kumanogwaja amancane. Kusukela ezinyangeni ezingu-2-3 zokuphila, onogwaja babe ngabantu abadala ngokuphelele, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ivolumu ye-silage yokugqoka inganyuka kahle ibe yi-300 g yemkhiqizo ohlanzekile ngosuku.

Indlela yokwenza i-silage yabanogwaja ekhaya

Namuhla, ukuthola i-high quality silage akuyona inkinga. Loluhlobo lwezokudla lubonakala kakhulu emakethe, ngakho-ke ungayithenga cishe noma yisiphi isitolo esikhulu sezilwane zasemapulazini. Kodwa-ke, uma kugcinwa ipulazi elikhuthele, isiliva iba enye yezindlela zokusebenzisa zonke izinhlobo zokusalela zezitshalo ezihlwanyelwe ngenzuzo. Ngakho-ke, abalimi abaningi basebenzisa ukukhiqizwa okuzimele komkhiqizo, kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu ophumelelayo ekutholeni ukukhishwa okuphezulu nokuphephile. Okulandelayo, sicabangela izimiso eziyisisekelo zokuqothula izitshalo ezitshalwe ekhaya.

Uyazi? E-Australia, onogwaja babhekwa njengenhlekelele eyingozi. Ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni kulezi zilwane ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 kwaholela ekufeni kwezinhlobo eziningi ezingavamile zezilwane zasendlini.

Izitshalo ze-Silage

Ngokwesiko, isililage isetshenziselwa zonke izinhlobo zezilwanyana ezihlanganisa ubuningi obuhlaza bezitshalo ezibalulekile. Phakathi kwabo kutholakala kokubili izithelo zezitshalo nezitshalo eziluhlaza okwedlulele, ezihlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zemifino eluhlaza yezitshalo eziqhamukayo, kanye nezinhlumela zezitshalo ezithela izithelo. Noma yiziphi izinsalela zezingxenye zomhlaba zezitshalo ezisetshenziswe ngokudla ekuvuneni onogwaja kufanelekile, kodwa akuzona zonke izitshalo ezikhiqiza umkhiqizo ophezulu ngempela. Ngokuvamile lokhu kubangelwa yizici ezithile zezitshalo, okuyinto, ngenkathi ekhulayo ekhulayo, iyakwazi ukuqoqa ngobumnyama obuhlaza zonke izinhlobo zamakhemikhali ezithinta kakhulu ukuvutshelwa. Ngenxa yalokho, amasiko ama-bacteria silage awakwazi ukucubungulwa ngokugcwele ngogesi oluhlaza. Esikhathini sokugcina, lokhu kuholele ekubola kwezinto ezitshalweni zezitshalo, futhi kwezinye izimo zibe semkhiqizo ompofu noma ongenakulungele ngokuphelele.

Yiziphi ezixutshwe kahle

Izitshalo ezilinywayo ezilandelayo ziyizona ezifanele kakhulu ukusikwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yobuningi obuhlaza:

  • ummbila;
  • uhlaka;
  • Dzhugara;
  • ikhasi eliphakathi komhlaba;
  • i-sunflower;
  • ikhabe;
  • isithombo sebhitrudi;
  • ithanga;
  • iklabishi;
  • i-peas;
  • I-Sudanese;
  • I-Sudanese;
  • i-lupine ephuzi (i-alkaloid-free).

Ukuze i-silage iphinde isebenzise izimpande zezitshalo ezilandelayo:

  • amazambane;
  • rutabaga;
  • i-turnip;
  • izaqathe;
  • i-beetroot

Yini embi

Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-ushukela ebusweni obuhlaza obukhulu obukhulu:

  • i-tributary;
  • Vika;
  • iziqongo zamazambane;
  • sedges;
  • i-alfalfa;
  • i-clover afterburner;
  • Mogar;
  • Prutnyak;
  • i-quinoa;
  • umhlonyane.

Izitshalo azifani ngokuphelele:

  • isinaphi;
  • isigaba;
  • i-lupine ebabayo;
  • soy.
Kubalulekile! Isitshalo nezithelo zika utamatisi akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele ukufaka. Lesi sitshalo sinamakhemikhali anobuthi onogwaja, okungabangela ukuphazanyiswa okukhulu emsebenzini womzimba wakhe, ngisho nokufa.

Indlela yokugaya (ukusika)

Ukusika ngokufanele izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-silage kungenye yezimiso eziyinhloko zokuthola umkhiqizo wekhwalithi, ngoba inqwaba enkulu kakhulu ithinta inqubo ejwayelekile ye-silage. Kungcono uma izinsalela zezitshalo zichotshozwa njengento encane ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa ubukhulu obuningi yizi:

  • 3-4 cm - izitshalo ezinomuthi omncane (izithelo, i-clover, utshani utshani, njll);
  • 5-6 cm - izitshalo ezine-stem (corn, sunflower, njll).
Ukutshala izitshalo ngokuvamile zisebenzisa amadivaysi omshini noma othomathikhi. Benza kube lula ukubeka ubukhulu obuqondile bezingcezu, kanye nokusheshisa inqubo yokusika izikhathi eziningana, kunokusebenzisa amathuluzi esandla. Uma ukusika kwezitshalo kuqhutshwa ngosizo lwezihlahla zemikhonto noma imimese, ukugaya kwenziwa ngezinyathelo eziningana, kancane kancane ukugawula izinto ezisetshenziselwa usayizi oyifunayo. Ngezinye izikhathi abalimi abaningi babhekene nenkinga yokusetshenziswa kwamanzi abizayo ngokweqile. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuvuna izitshalo ezincane esigabeni sokukhula okukhulayo, ngoba ngalesi sigaba amahlumela amancane athola ngokugcwele amanzi kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zezakhi ezivela emhlabathini. Ukuze uvimbele ukulahlekelwa umswakama obalulekile namavithamini abalulekile, izinto zokusetshenziswa zinconywa ukuba zihlanjululwe ngotshani oqoshiwe noma hay.

Indlela yokubeka i-silo

Ngemuva kokulungiswa kwento eluhlaza, kuyadingeka ukuba uyibeke emathangi we-silage. Namuhla, izakhiwo eziningi zisetshenziselwa lezi zinhloso (imigoqo yamakhemikhali, amabhakede anezikhumba, izakhiwo eziphakathi, njll), kodwa okuvame kakhulu ukugxila. Ngalesi sizathu, amabhangi akhethekile-emabhange ahlonywe emhlabathini, lapho kusetshenzwa khona izinto zokusetshenziswa.

Uyazi? Izinambuzane zingenye yezilwane ezesabeka kakhulu emhlabeni, umsindo okhaliphile futhi ozwakalayo ungaholela ekuboshweni komzimba kulesi silwane.
Umgodi uvame ukulungiswa ngo-10-15% ngaphezu kwenani eliphelele lemishini eluhlaza, ngoba utshani obunqunyiwe kufanele buvikelwe emakhazeni asebandleni, emkhathini nasemanzini angaphansi komhlaba. Ukwenza lokhu, phansi komgodi uhlanganiswe nefilimu yeplastiki, lapho uhlanga olomile lubekwe khona ngo-15-20 cm ubukhulu. Ukuze uthuthukise ikhwalithi ye-silo, ngaphambi kokubeka izinto zokusetshenziswa, umgodi awukhutshaziwe nge-disinfected. Ngenxa yalokhu, ibhomu elikhethekile lokubhema elenziwe ngesulfure lishaywa indiva futhi liphonswe kuwo. Ungathenga umhloli wesibabule cishe noma yisiphi isitolo se-hardware.

I-Siloing iyinkqubo ye-anaerobic, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukudala izimo ze-tightness zezinto ezibonakalayo emgodini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izitshalo zokutshala zihlungwa ngokucophelela futhi zifakwa emgqeni wezintambo (ububanzi obungaba ngu-10-20 cm), bese ububanzi bomhlabathi obuhlanzekile okungenani ubude obuyi-15 cm. Ukuze uthuthukise ukuqina komgodi, kunconywa ukuba ubeke ifilimu enombala eplastiki phezu kwendwangu.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nendlela yokulungisa kahle i-silo bese uyigcina.

Ngendlela isiliva engakanani ekulungele ukusetshenziswa

Ngokuvamile ukuqikelela kuyinto inqubo eside. Ngomgodi ohlomele kahle, ukuvutshelwa kuqedwa ezinyangeni ezingu-2-3. Ukuze kuphuthumise izinyanga ezifika ku-1.5-2, ukuvutshelwa okhethekile kwengezwa ezintweni eziwusizo, eziqukethe amabhaktheriya amaningi asebenzayo aphikisanayo nokukhiqiza okwenyukayo. Kodwa-ke, uma ungenayo imali eyengeziwe yokuthenga imvubelo, ungakwazi ukusheshisa inqubo yokuthola umkhiqizo ngokufaka amathrekhi wemvelo ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo (u-10% we-mass mass). Ngenxa yalezi zinhloso, ukumiswa okwesikhashana kwe-viscous kafulawa noma amazambane isitashi.

Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokondla onogwaja nge-silage entsha, umkhiqizo kufanele uhlolwe ngekhwalithi. I-silage elungiselelwe kahle iyoba nokukhanya okumnandi, okumnandi kwe-herbal, ngaphandle kokungcola okubolile noma okungajabulisi.

I-Flour Kleister ilungiselelwe kanje:

  1. Ku-container ehlanzekile, amanzi okupompo nofulawa wekolweni noma isitashi sezambane (ozikhethela) zixutshwe ngesilinganiso se-1: 3.
  2. Ingxube ehlanganisiwe ifakwa emlilweni ophansi futhi ulethe ngamathumba, evuselela ngezikhathi ezithile.
  3. Ngemuva kokubilisa uketshezi kususwa ekushiseni, kuhlile futhi kudluliselwe ngesihlava esihle noma i-gauze.

I-Silo ingumkhiqizo owusizo, ngaphandle kwalokho okulukhuni ukucabanga ukuthi isilwane sasimanje siphila. Ukungena ekudleni kokudla okunjalo kwenza kube lula ukwandisa ikhwalithi kanye nenani lemikhiqizo yezilwane. Njengamanje, isililage ilungiselelwe cishe kunoma yikuphi ukuluhlaza okwenziwe izitshalo ezitshalwa, kepha ngokuvamile isihlabathi se-corn sibizwa ngokuthi i-qualitative kakhulu futhi inenzuzo enogwaja. Iqukethe kuphela inombolo enkulu yezakhi ezihlukahlukene, futhi ingathuthukisa umsebenzi wepheshana lomzimba.

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