Esinye sezici ezithonya ukuqala kokuhlwanyela, kanye nokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo ezitshaliwe, ukushisa komhlabathi ovulekile. Ngenkathi eyodwa, izitshalo ezintathu noma ezine ezinezinga eliphezulu zezitshalo ezihlukahlukene ezivela endaweni eyodwa zingatholakala ngemibhede efudumele, engakwazi ukuxazululwa kalula ngezandla zakho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuvuna kwenhlabathi lapho bekhona khona akuyona into ebaluleke kakhulu, futhi izinto zokwakha ezingabizi futhi ezingabizi ziyasetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwazo.
Okuyinhloko yendlela
Ukusetshenziswa kombhede oshisayo owenziwe entwasahlobo ukuhlwanyela kokutshala kwamahlathi, isithombo, ukhukhamba, utamatisi, amathanga nezinye izitshalo zensimu kuvumela ukuthi inkathi yensimu iqale amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokujwayelekile. 
Ukubonakala kokushisa enhlabathini elungiselelwe ngokukhethekile ngenxa yokulahleka izinto eziphilayo ezisegcekeni elifakiwe. Ngesikhathi sokudilizwa, njenganoma iyiphi enye inqubo yamakhemikhali esebenzayo, kukhishwa ukushisa, okugcinwa ngaso sonke isikhathi isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwesimo sokuxhumana okulinganiselwe nemvelo yangaphandle.
Ubude bomthelela oshisayo emhlabathini buxhomeke ekutheni inani lezinto ezibolayo nesibalo salo. Kuyacaca ukuthi uma ivolumu kanye nobuningi bezinto eziphilayo, kukhula isikhathi eside futhi, ngokufanele, isikhathi sokushisa umhlaba ngqo kuxhomeke kulezi zici ezimbili.
Uyazi? Umqondo wokusebenzisa ukushisa komhlabathi wemvelo uvela ekuboneni izinqwaba zemifantu kanye nemigodi yomquba. Ngisho nasebusweni obuqhwa kakhulu neqhwa, abakaze bahlanganiswe neqhwa, baphuthunyiswe phezu kwabo, okubonisa ukushisa kwangaphakathi kwangaphakathi.
Izinketho zemibhede efudumele
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zemibhede efudumele:
- Isikhathi. Unesimo sezintambo ezinamapulangwe ezinamapulangwe angenalutho ngaphandle kocingo olwengeziwe. Ekuqaleni esetshenziselwa izithombo ezikhulayo, bese ehambisana ngaphansi kwensimu jikelele yensimu futhi etshalwe izitshalo eziyinhloko.
- Permanent. Amathanga noma amabhokisi, okwenziwa ngamathala, amapulangwe, izitini, ezimweni ezingavamile zamashidi ezensimbi. Yenzelwe ukulima izitshalo ezinkulu zensimu iminyaka engu-3-5.
- Ngokujulile. Ama-trenches wokuphakama okungaqondakali, okungenawo noma okungenayo impahla yokuqapha, kuya ku-60 cm ejulile futhi 1.1 kuya ku-1.5 m ububanzi.
- Ground. Imifucumfucu enomkhuhlane omncane emhlabathini (kuze kube ngu-10 cm), enezinhlangothi eziphansi ezenziwe ngamatshe, izitini, izinkuni, ububanzi buka-90-110 cm no-30 kuya ku-50 cm ephakeme ngendlela yegquma eline-semicircle, trapezium, pyramid.
- Ivalwe (ephakanyisiwe). Ikhetho elilula libhokisi elingenxantathu lamapulangwe enkuni kanye nemisipha yokuphakama kwamamitha angu-40 kuya ku-60, ubude bamamitha angu-4 kuya ku-12 nobubanzi be-1 m.
Kubalulekile! Umsele ojulile onomthamo omkhulu wezinto eziphilayo isikhathi eside unikeza ukushisa kahle ngokusekelwa umswakama okwanele.
Indlela yokwenza umbhede ngezandla zakho
Ukukwazi nobuchwepheshe bokutshala izitshalo zasendlini emibhedeni efudumele yohlobo oluphakeme, olwenziwe ngezandla zakho, kuhle ukuba uqale ngokukhiqiza ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sebhokisi elilodwa lezinkuni.
Ukuze uyidale, udinga amathuluzi alula asemakhaya onke, isakhiwo esilungisiwe ngaphambili nesikhathi esincane. Ibhokisi lizoba nobukhulu bomhlaba wonke: ububanzi buyi-1 m, ubude buka-6 m, ukuphakama kwe-34 cm.
Funda ukuthi ungenza kanjani umbhede oqondile nombhede wombhede we-strawberry.
Izinto zokwakha kanye namathuluzi
Ekukhiqizeni nasekufakweni kwamabhokisi asetshenziswa ngalezi zixhobo:
- umthamo we-tape;
- ipensela yombazi;
- isikwele;
- isikebhe esibucayi noma isikebhe esibucayi;
- isando;
- izipikili noma izikulubo;
- imbazo;
- Hackck for izinkuni;
- umgogodla womhlabathi noma i-spade.
Izinto zokwakha zizosebenza:
- amapayipi amapayipi, ububanzi obuyi-25 mm, ububanzi obuyi-18 cm, u-6 no-1 m ubude (izingcezu ezine ngayinye);
- imigoqo, ingxenye 40x40 mm, ubude 73 mm (izingcezu ezingu-8) nesigaba 20x40 mm, ubude be-10 cm (izingcezu ezine).
Inqubo yokukhiqiza
Incazelo emfushane yomsebenzi, ebonisa indlela ongayenza ngayo umbhede oshisayo wokutshala imifino, ulethisi, kanye namakhukhamba ngokutshala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, akuyona imfundiso. Lesi sibonelo sibonisa ukuthi inqubo ilula, ayidingi isikhathi esiningi kanye nezindleko zezezimali.
Ukuze usebenze, udinga isiteji esicwebezelayo sokubeka ukukhululeka nokuhamba kwezinto ezide kakhulu. Ngakho:
- Ibhodi elinamamitha angu-1 lide linqunywe (ekugcineni kufanele kumakwe ngecande ngaphambi kokusika).
- Ibhodi lesibili lisetshenziselwa okokuqala ngenye kokuphela komzimba, kokubili okugxilwe ngezikrini zokuzibamba (izipikili) ezinemigoqo emibili emifushane, etholakala emgodleni ohlangene ngaphakathi.
- Ibhodi yesibili inqunywe nge-hacksaw kuya ngobukhulu bokuqala.
- Ubukhulu bokuqala obusendaweni ye-360h1000 mm bukulungele.
- Ngendlela efanayo wenza ingxenye yesibili emincane ebhokisini.
- Imigoqo eyisishiyagalombili ende ibukhali ngembazo ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngoba esikhathini esizayo bayokwenza umsebenzi wokulungisa kuphela, kodwa futhi nokusekela okuthunyelwe.
- Amabhodi amane amamitha ayisithupha avunyiwe futhi ahlanganiswe ngamabili emiphakathini ende asebenzisa izikrini noma izipikili zokuzibamba. Umkhawulo ophezulu we-fixing (ibambelelo) ibha akufanele iqhubekele ngaphesheya kwemingcele yebhodi. Intaba yokuqala iqedile ekuqaleni, cindezela ngokuphela. Khona-ke, njalo ngamamitha amabili, ibha elilandelayo liboshwe kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni komgwaqo.
- Amacala amabili ebusayizi bebhokisi 360x6000 mm alungile.
- Amacu kanye namaphesenti ombhede wesikhathi esizayo abadwetshwe ngaphakathi nangaphandle ngepende (koqweqwe lwawo), okuyisimo sezulu.
- Ngemuva kokuthi upende usomile, ibhokisi lilungele ukufakwa kusayithi.
Kubalulekile! Amapulangwe kufanele athengwe isikhathi esingama-15-20 cm kunamabalwa, ngoba azodinga ukulungiswa esigcawini ukuze anike ibhokisi isakhiwo sejimethri evamile.
Ukufaka nokugcwalisa
Emva kokukhiqiza nokudweba izinhlangothi zebhokisi lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo zenziwa:
- Izikhalazo zidluliselwa esiqhingini bese zifakwa emakethe ayenziwe ngosizo lwe-tape isilinganiso.
- Ngosizo lwe-drill noma i-bayonet, izimbobo zigubha ngaphansi kwezikhala zokusekela ezinhlangothini ezide, okungenani ububanzi obungama-35 cm. Uhlangothi olude olude lufakwe futhi lusetshenziswa ngokusebenzisa iveli, uhlangothi oluncane lufakwe kuso, bese luyindilinga.
- Ngemuva kokuba ibhokisi lihlanganiswe, imithombo igcwele umhlaba futhi igcwele.
- Ukuze uvimbele izindonga zebhokisi ukuthi zingaqhubeki nezinto ezigcwalayo, izikhala zenkxaso yangaphakathi ziboshwe ngocingo noma zihlanganiswe ngezibopho zokhuni.
Umbhede ofudumele, owenziwe ngesandla kulezi zilinganiso ezingenhla, unomthamo omncane, ngakho kufanele ugcwaliswe ngendaba ebalulekile entwasahlobo, usebenzisa uhlaka olulodwa ne-sawdust:
- Ingaphansi ebhokisini igcwele i-loam, okumele ihlanganiswe ukuze igcine kangcono umswakama.
- Uhlaka olungezansi lwamagatsha amakhulu angu-15-20 cm, amagxolo omuthi, iziqu ze-sunflower nommbila, njengoba zizobola isikhathi eside.
- Emva kwalokho ulandela ungqimba ka-10 cm kusuka emaqabunga emithi, usike utshani, kanye nezinhlasi zezitshalo zempande.
- Isendlalelo esilandelayo kufanele sigcwaliswe nge-sawdust 2-3 cm.
- Ingqimba ephezulu kakhulu igcwele ama-humus, ahlanganiswe nomhlabathi futhi anesisindo esingu-10-15 cm, kuze kube sezingeni lezinhlangothi.
Izitshalo ezikhulayo
Ayikho uhlu oluthile lwezilimo zezitshalo zokutshala nokukhula emibhedeni efudumele. Umnikazi ngamunye uzikhethela ukuthi kulula ukukhula. Lolu buchwepheshe luvumela ukuthola izitshalo ezifanele zonke izitshalo ezinkulu zensimu izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka ngamunye. Nakhu okunye ngakho:
- Imifino yokuqala etshalwe, i-ulethisi, i-radishes. Lokhu kushiya igumbi lamakhukhamba noma utamatisi, okwenza isikhathi eside.
- Emva kokuvuna kwemifino, ulethisi, isithombo, anyanisi, i-garlic, izaqathe, i-beet zitshalwe endaweni yazo.
- Ekupheleni kwehlobo, izitshalo zokuqala zihlwanyelwa futhi.
Uyazi? Izindlela ezinjalo zokulima ziphumelela hhayi kuphela ngoba imibhede inemfudumalo yawo. Umphumela wokuqothulwa kwe-biomass nokukhululwa kokushisa yiziqu zomquba eziphilayo ezondla njalo inhlabathi futhi zigcwalise ngezinto eziwusizo kanye nama-microelements.
Manje ungaqala ngokulondoloza imifino emibhede efudumele. Yiba isivuno esihle!
